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Effects Of Nozzle Spray Angle On Droplet Size And Velocity
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Book Synopsis Effects of Nozzle Spray Angle on Droplet Size and Velocity by : Greg R. Kruger
Download or read book Effects of Nozzle Spray Angle on Droplet Size and Velocity written by Greg R. Kruger and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spray applicators have many choices in selecting a spray nozzle to make an application of an agricultural product. They must balance flow rate, spray pressure, and nozzle type and setup to deliver their agrochemical in the right droplet size for their particular needs. Studies were conducted to determine the spray exit angle and droplet velocity from three different flat fan nozzles (80°, 40°, and 20°) at three different spray pressures (140, 280, and 420 kPa). Each combination of nozzle and pressure was evaluated in a wind tunnel with airspeeds of 35.7, 53.6, 62.6, 71.5, and 80.5 m/s. At the nozzle exit, droplet velocities for the three nozzles tested were approximately 14, 20, and 25 m/s (~30, 45, and 56 mph) for spray pressures of 140, 276, and 415 kPa (20, 40, and 60 psi), respectively. Droplet velocities were constant across the entire flowfield measured with airstreams speed were 35.7 m/s (80 mph), but as the airstream speed increased, droplets at the end of the spray sheet were quickly accelerated. The data presented will allow applicators and researchers to select the nozzle and operating conditions that best suit their spraying needs.
Book Synopsis Effects of Air Speed and Liquid Temperature on Droplet Size by : W. Clint Hoffmann
Download or read book Effects of Air Speed and Liquid Temperature on Droplet Size written by W. Clint Hoffmann and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancements in both application hardware (e.g., nozzles and spray assist devices) and spray property modification products have led to a number of products that are specifically designed to maximize the on-target deposition and minimize off-target movement of spray droplets. Testing protocols are being developed to objectively measure spray drift reduction from a wide range of drift reduction technologies (DRTs) including spray nozzles, sprayer modifications, spray delivery assistance, spray property modifiers (adjuvants), and/or landscape modifications. Using a DRT evaluation protocol, the objectives of this work were to study the effects of different air speeds on droplet size from different spray nozzles and spray solutions and to further evaluate the effects of differences in liquid and air temperature on droplet size at the different air speeds tested. Measured spray droplet size was significantly affected by changes in airspeed with the DV0.5 increasing by ~30-100 ?m and the percent of spray volume less than 200 ?m decreasing by 50 % or more as the tunnel airspeed was increased from 0.5 to 6.7 m/s (1 to 15 miles per hour), depending on the spray solution, spray nozzle, and air speed. The data also showed a lesser influence of temperature differential between the spray solution and ambient air, with the differences seen most likely resulting from changes in spray solution physical properties with the changes in liquid temperature. Most importantly, this study demonstrated that a reference nozzle evaluated under the same conditions resulted in the reduction in driftable fines while the DRT remained constant across all conditions tested.
Book Synopsis Measuring the Effect of Spray Plume Angle on the Accuracy of Droplet Size Data by : G. R. Kruger
Download or read book Measuring the Effect of Spray Plume Angle on the Accuracy of Droplet Size Data written by G. R. Kruger and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of droplet size data using laser diffraction allows for quick and easy assessment of droplet size for agricultural spray nozzles and pesticides; however, operation and setup of the instrument and test system can potentially influence the accuracy of the data. One of the factors is the orientation of the spray plume relative to the laser beam. The common practice is to orientate the nozzle such that the nozzle orifice's long axis is 90 degrees from the laser beam. Some wind tunnels are designed in a manner such that the spray plume impinges with the walls or the design of the nozzle may necessitate a deviation from this standard practice to obtain a measurement in some situations. The objective of this research was to determine the influence spray plume orientation had on measured droplet size spectra in a low-speed wind tunnel. The orientation of the nozzle tested was 45, 60, 75, and 90 degrees in rotation relative to the laser beam. Four nozzles (AIXR11005, AI11005, TT11005, and XR11005) were evaluated using three different spray solutions. Treatments were evaluated using a laser diffraction system. The results indicate that spray plume orientation does not have an effect on droplet size data for these nozzles, regardless of spray solution. The data from these tests will aid in the standardization of laser diffraction use in low-speed wind tunnels and increase the repeatability of measurements between different spray testing laboratories.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Atomization and Sprays by : Nasser Ashgriz
Download or read book Handbook of Atomization and Sprays written by Nasser Ashgriz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-18 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomization and sprays are used in a wide range of industries: mechanical, chemical, aerospace, and civil engineering; material science and metallurgy; food; pharmaceutical, forestry, environmental protection; medicine; agriculture; meteorology and others. Some specific applications are spray combustion in furnaces, gas turbines and rockets, spray drying and cooling, air conditioning, powdered metallurgy, spray painting and coating, inhalation therapy, and many others. The Handbook of Atomization and Sprays will bring together the fundamental and applied material from all fields into one comprehensive source. Subject areas included in the reference are droplets, theoretical models and numerical simulations, phase Doppler particle analysis, applications, devices and more.
Book Synopsis Atomization and Sprays by : Arthur H. Lefebvre
Download or read book Atomization and Sprays written by Arthur H. Lefebvre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this long-time bestseller provides a framework for designing and understanding sprays for a wide array of engineering applications. The text contains correlations and design tools that can be easily understood and used in relating the design of atomizers to the resulting spray behavior. Written to be accessible to readers with a modest technical background, the emphasis is on application rather than in-depth theory. Numerous examples are provided to serve as starting points for using the information in the book. Overall, this is a thoroughly updated edition that still retains the practical focus and readability of the original work by Arthur Lefebvre.
Book Synopsis Measurement of Flow and Droplet Size Distributions for Spray Nozzles by : Joseph Arena
Download or read book Measurement of Flow and Droplet Size Distributions for Spray Nozzles written by Joseph Arena and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Nozzle Type and Operation on Spray Droplet Size by : Louis F. Bouse
Download or read book Effect of Nozzle Type and Operation on Spray Droplet Size written by Louis F. Bouse and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Flashing on Characteristics of Splashplate Nozzle Sprays by : Abdolreza Karami
Download or read book Effects of Flashing on Characteristics of Splashplate Nozzle Sprays written by Abdolreza Karami and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Science and Engineering of Droplets: by : Huimin Liu
Download or read book Science and Engineering of Droplets: written by Huimin Liu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1999-12-31 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to encompass the fundamental phenomenon, principles, and processes of discrete droplets of both normal liquids and melts. It provides the reader with the science and engineering of discrete droplets, and provides researchers, scientists and engineers with the latest developments in the field. The book begins with a systematic review of various processes and techniques, along with their applications and associations with materials systems. This is followed by a description of the phenomena and principles in droplet processes. Correlations, calculations, and numerical modeling of the droplet processes provide insight into the effects of process parameters on droplet properties for optimization of atomizer design. Droplets are found in the areas of metallurgy, materials, automotive, aerospace, medicine, food processing, agriculture, and power generation, and encountered in a huge range of engineering applications.
Book Synopsis Pesticide Application Methods by : Graham Matthews
Download or read book Pesticide Application Methods written by Graham Matthews and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PESTICIDE APPLICATION METHODS Pesticide Application Methods is the standard work for all those involved in crop protection. This fully revised and expanded edition provides up-to-date information on the different types of application techniques and how they should be used to ensure efficient and effective pest control. The third edition of this excellent book was published more than 10 years ago, since when a number of important developments have taken place. Examples include changes to legislation both in the EU and USA concerning water quality. This has an impact on how spray is applied and, more particularly, how the sprayer is designed to minimise quantities that remain in the equipment when spraying is completed, and in addition inform how and when the sprayer is cleaned. Concern about spray drift has also continued and has led to more research on how to reduce the amount of spray that moves downwind from a treated area. Important new information on this topic is included within the new edition. Professor Graham Matthews has been joined by two new co-authors to increase the breadth and depth of coverage in this updated edition of Pesticide Application Methods. This important new edition is a commercially significant reference tool and will be of great use and interest to all those working in crop protection, including agricultural entomologists and plant pathologists, pesticide scientists, advisors and consultants, large-scale growers, agricultural and horticultural scientists, agrochemical industry personnel including those involved in equipment supply and product formulation. Libraries in government and commercial research establishments, universities and agricultural colleges where agricultural and biological sciences are studied and taught should have multiple copies of this definitive book on their shelves.
Book Synopsis Effects of a Thin, Flexible Nozzle on Droplet Formation and Impingement by : Shane R. Hawke
Download or read book Effects of a Thin, Flexible Nozzle on Droplet Formation and Impingement written by Shane R. Hawke and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The droplet formation process in the vicinity of the nozzle exit and the behavior of a spreading droplet during impingement on a smooth glass surface were studied. Two nozzle geometries were tested. The first case was a stiff stainless steel nozzle plate 0.787 mm thick. The second case was a flexible stainless steel nozzle plate 0.102 mm thick. In each case, two different waveforms were used to drive the piezoelectric element in the droplet generator. This resulted in different meniscus behavior at the nozzle exit in each case. Leading and trailing edge velocities and the position of the leading edge relative to the nozzle were measured through use of double-frame images taken with a high-speed camera to describe the formation process at the nozzle. This data was displayed in both dimensional and non-dimensional form using capillary parameters. At the impingement surface, the high speed camera was used to record the spread rate and contact angle of the droplets. This research concluded that the flexible nozzle had a significant impact on droplet formation. Exit velocities were more than double those of the stiff nozzle, and break-off times were shorter for the flexible nozzle. One drawback of the flexible nozzle was that satellite droplets were produced along with the main droplet, which did not happen with a stiff nozzle. Behavior at the impingement surface was also noted to be different in each case. However, this is not directly related to the different nozzles themselves, but rather the fact that the nozzles resulted in different droplet velocities. The spread rate of the droplets was observed to increase as the impingement velocity was increased. The dynamic contact angles were also measured and compared to existing models found in the literature. Although there were discrepancies, it is likely that these are due to the difference in Weber numbers between this experiment and the models.
Book Synopsis Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog by : National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fluid Dynamics and Transport of Droplets and Sprays by : W. A. Sirignano
Download or read book Fluid Dynamics and Transport of Droplets and Sprays written by W. A. Sirignano and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-11 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the theoretical foundations of spray and droplet applications relevant to the technology for active control of sprays applied to new products and applications, improved product performance, cost reductions, and improved environmental outcomes. It also covers theory related to power and propulsion; materials processing and manufacturing technologies including droplet-based net form processing, coating, and painting; medication; pesticides and insecticides; and other consumer uses.
Book Synopsis Effect of Impingement Angle on Drop-size Distribution Abd Spray Pattern of Two Impinging Water Jets by : Marcus F. Heidmann
Download or read book Effect of Impingement Angle on Drop-size Distribution Abd Spray Pattern of Two Impinging Water Jets written by Marcus F. Heidmann and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sprays produced by two 0.089-inch-diameter jets at impingement angles of 10 to 90 degrees and jet velocities of 30 to 74 feet per second were studied. Drop-size distributions for sprays formed in 100-foot-per-second air are presented. Distributions were bimodal in character, and the effects of test conditions on the bimodal properties are presented. Photographs of the overall spray pattern produced in quiescent air are also shown.
Download or read book Advances in Heat Transfer written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-10-21 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Heat Transfer, Volume 54 in this comprehensive series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapter written by an international board of authors. Updates to this new release include chapters on Thermal Convection Studies at the University of Minnesota and Turbulent passive scalar transport in smooth wall-bounded flows: recent advances. - Includes the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in Advances in Heat Transfer series - Provides a comprehensive approach, highlighting new advances in the field
Book Synopsis Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation by : H.R. Pruppacher
Download or read book Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation written by H.R. Pruppacher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-25 with total page 975 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cloud physics has achieved such a voluminous literature over the past few decades that a significant quantitative study of the entire field would prove unwieldy. This book concentrates on one major aspect: cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles. Common practice has shown that one may distinguish among the following addi tional major aspects: cloud dynamics, which is concerned with the physics respon sible for the macroscopic features of clouds; cloud electricity, which deals with the electrical structure of clouds and the electrification processes of cloud and precipi tation particles; and cloud optics and radar meteorology, which describe the effects of electromagnetic waves interacting with clouds and precipitation. Another field intimately related to cloud physics is atmospheric chemistry, which involves the chemical composition ofthe atmosphere and the life cycle and characteristics of its gaseous and particulate constituents. In view of the natural interdependence of the various aspects of cloud physics, the subject of microphysics cannot be discussed very meaningfully out of context. Therefore, we have found it necessary to touch briefly upon a few simple and basic concepts of cloud dynamics and thermodynamics, and to provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles. We have also included a separate chapter on some of the effects of electric fields and charges on the precipitation-forming processes.
Book Synopsis Determination of Water Spray Drop Size and Velocity from a Low Pressure, High Momentum, Water Mist Nozzle by : Anthony D. Putorti
Download or read book Determination of Water Spray Drop Size and Velocity from a Low Pressure, High Momentum, Water Mist Nozzle written by Anthony D. Putorti and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to characterize the water spray from a low pressure, high momentum water mist nozzle, measurements were made using an optical array probe droplet analyzer. The water droplet sizes and velocities from the nozzle were measured at varying operating conditions and locations in the spray field. The study resulted in droplet size and velocity ranges for the nozzle, as well as mean droplet velocities and droplet size distributions. The pendent nozzle used in this study is currently being evaluated by listing organizations for fire suppression in residential and light hazard occupancies.
