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Effects Of Moisture Content In Solid Waste Landfills
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Book Synopsis Effects of Moisture Content in Solid Waste Landfills by : Craig P. Eck
Download or read book Effects of Moisture Content in Solid Waste Landfills written by Craig P. Eck and published by . This book was released on 2000-03-01 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste landfills are an extremely complex and heterogeneous environment. Modeling the biodegradation processes within a landfill must involve an understanding of how environmental factors affect these processes. Arguably, the most important environmental factor influencing biodegradation processes is solid waste moisture content. This research effort, which is an extension of a system dynamics model previously presented by Colborn (1997) and amended by Benter (1999), attempts to understand and model the effects of moisture content on waste degradation and landfill gas generation. The new moisture structure that was added to the previous models provides a better representation of the impact of moisture on aerobic and anaerobic hydrolysis and bacterial populations, and ultimately, gas generation. It also gives a clearer picture of how moisture is distributed between the solid waste and the void spaces within a landfill. Leachate and moisture infiltration flows were introduced into the model as a means to replicate the "wet-cell" or bioreactor landfill. Landfill managers could change the moisture parameters in the model to simulate the impact of different moisture configurations on waste degradation and methane generation. Transferring the information learned from the model to a real system could help optimize methane generation and accelerate landfill stabilization.
Book Synopsis Recovery, Processing, and Utilization of Gas from Sanitary Landfills by : Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Download or read book Recovery, Processing, and Utilization of Gas from Sanitary Landfills written by Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Example moisture mass balance calculations for bioreactor landfills by : Amy Alexander
Download or read book Example moisture mass balance calculations for bioreactor landfills written by Amy Alexander and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents two example mass balance calculations for estimating whether the moisture content of the waste mass in a bioreactor landfill is above or below 40 percent, within the requirements of the landfills NESHAP.
Book Synopsis A Non-invasive Assessment of Moisture Content of Municipal Solid Waste in a Landfill Using Resistivity Imaging by : Huda Shihada
Download or read book A Non-invasive Assessment of Moisture Content of Municipal Solid Waste in a Landfill Using Resistivity Imaging written by Huda Shihada and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bioreactor landfill is operated to enhance waste decomposition, gas production, and refuse stabilization. The fundamental aspect in the operation of a bioreactor landfill is the controlled addition of water and/or the recirculation of leachate into the landfill's waste mass. Since there is an increasing trend to operate landfills as bioreactor landfills, it is crucial to understand the moisture distribution within the landfill. Monitoring the moisture distribution within a bioreactor landfill is essential not only for the design and operation of leachate recirculation systems, but also to identify sites with non-uniform leachate distribution due to ponding and channeling. In the recent years, there has been a huge interest in using electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) as a non-destructive tool to monitor the moisture distribution within a bioreactor landfill. ERI can detect variation in moisture content, because along with other factors, resistivity varies with moisture content. ERI can produce detailed profiles of the subsurface, showing the spatial distribution of moisture within the landfill. However, these profiles do not give quantitative information about the moisture content of the waste. The overall objective of this research is to develop a correlation between electrical resistivity and moisture content of waste, in order to be able to determine in situ moisture content of municipal solid waste (MSW) without any direct sampling and laboratory testing. Since electrical resistivity depends on several factors, an experimental program was developed to study the variation of electrical resistivity of MSW with moisture content, unit weight, stage of decomposition, temperature, composition of MSW, and composition of pore fluid. Fresh, landfilled, and degraded MSW samples were used for this study. Fresh and landfilled MSW samples were collected from the City of Denton landfill. Degraded MSW samples were prepared using laboratory scale reactors. Laboratory results showed that resistivity is a complex property that depends on numerous factors. A trend of decreasing electrical resistivity with increasing moisture content was observed. For example, the resistivity of fresh MSW sample #1 decreased from 21.6 ohm-m at moisture content of 21.4% to 2.4 ohm-m at moisture content of 52.6%. Results showed that resistivity depends on unit weight. A trend of decreasing resistivity with increasing unit weight was observed. For example, the resistivity of fresh MSW sample #1 decreased from 21.6 ohm-m at unit weight of 35 lb/ft3 to 14.9 ohm-m at unit weight of 55 lb/ft3. Resistivity tests on decomposed MSW samples prepared in laboratory scale reactors indicated that electrical resistivity decreased with decomposition. Resistivity decreased from 8.98 ohm-m in phase 1 to 4.91 ohm-m in phase 4. This decrease in is most probably caused by the increase in unit weight as a result of decomposition. Results also showed that electrical resistivity of MSW decreases with increasing temperature. The resistivity of MSW decreased by about 2% per temperature increase of 1°C. MSW samples having same moisture content and same unit weight had different resistivity values, indicating that the composition of the waste itself affects resistivity. A decrease in electrical resistivity with increasing paper content was observed. On the other hand, an increase in electrical resistivity with increasing "others" (soil and fines) content was observed. Based on the experimental results, the effect of the pore fluid composition on the resistivity of MSW is not significant. Same MSW samples had almost identical resistivity values when prepared using tap water, leachate, or re-use water. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to quantify the effect of the several factors that affect resistivity. Five predictor variables were considered: moisture content, unit weight, percentage paper, percentage "others" (fines), and organic content. The best model was selected using backward elimination method, best subsets selection method, and stepwise regression method. The developed model was validated using a second set of landfilled MSW samples. ERI was conducted at the same location from which the MSW samples were collected. Using the field resistivity values and the developed model, the moisture content was estimated. The estimated moisture content was then compared with the actual moisture content determined by oven drying the samples at the laboratory. Good agreement was found between the estimated moisture contents and the measured values. The percentage error ranged from 4.9 to 10.2 percent and from 0.5 to 13.8 percent for MSW samples from boreholes B70 and B72, respectively.
Book Synopsis Effect of Frost Penetration on Moisture Movement in Solid Waste Landfills by : Eugene Jacob Leskiw
Download or read book Effect of Frost Penetration on Moisture Movement in Solid Waste Landfills written by Eugene Jacob Leskiw and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of a temperature gradient on the process of moisture translocation within the landfill environment has not been studied in a cold-climate region. This concept is applied to a cold-room laboratory study investigating the translocation and possible accummulation of soil moisture through shredded municipal refuse subjected to a temperature gradient. The laboratory study consisted of four series of experiments involving three test samples in each series. The test result parameters included water intake rate from a free source, moisture content profile, and temperature gradient. In all four series of tests there was a water intake rate to the sample which was attributable to the freezing process. The paramater which is considered to characterize the relationships between the derived parameters of water intake rate and temperature gradient is segregation potential. The segregation potential is related to the suction force at the frozen fringe and is a function of the degree of thermal imbalance. The significance of this transient moisture behavior over seasonal changes becomes apparent in the leachate production process within the landfill. Because of scale-up complexities, field investigations are necessary to verify this phenomena.
Book Synopsis Sanitary Landfilling: Process, Technology and Environmental Impact by : Thomas Christensen
Download or read book Sanitary Landfilling: Process, Technology and Environmental Impact written by Thomas Christensen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanitary Landfilling: Process, Technology, and Environmental Impact is a collection of essays that discusses the role of landfilling in solid waste management. The book presents the approach in the principles of landfilling and the basic biochemical processes in landfills. The text describes the landfill hydrology and leachate production. It discusses the design and construction of liner systems and the surface capping with natural liner materials. The section that follows describes the soil and refuse stability in sanitary landfills. The book will provide valuable insights for engineers, environmentalists, students, and researchers in the field of solid waste management.
Book Synopsis Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion by : A. V. Bridgwater
Download or read book Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion written by A. V. Bridgwater and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 1744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is for chemical engineers, fuel technologists, agricultural engineers and chemists in the world-wide energy industry and in academic, research and government institutions. It provides a thorough review of, and entry to, the primary and review literature surrounding the subject. The authors are internationally recognised experts in their field and combine to provide both commercial relevance and academic rigour. Contributions are based on papers delivered to the Fifth International Conference sponsored by the IEA Bioenergy Agreement.
Book Synopsis Technical Landfills and Waste Management by : Abdelkader Anouzla
Download or read book Technical Landfills and Waste Management written by Abdelkader Anouzla and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zusammenfassung: A "zero waste" society and the "circular economy" trend are urgently needed. Even if achieving 100% trash recycling and a fully circular economy may not always be attainable, aiming toward this goal might result in a sustainable future. Municipal solid wastes pose a hazard to the environment because of open burning, landfills, reckless disposal, and many other factors. Waste is being thrown away in more significant quantities and is made up of several different materials. Municipal solid waste (MSW) characteristics must be carefully considered when developing, implementing, or modifying solid waste management systems. Local waste variables that vary with cultural, climatic, socioeconomic, and institutional capacities are crucial for developing efficient waste management techniques. This book provides a comprehensive overview of landfills' situation, their categories, and the types of garbage they receive. The final section of the study provides an overview of prospective waste management techniques, their restrictions, and the potential areas for further research on landfill sites. This book has the advantage that world-class experts in their respective fields have written each chapter. As a result, this book presents a balanced picture across the whole spectrum of chapters on municipal solid wastes
Book Synopsis Impact of Sanitary Landfills by : Frederick G. Pohland
Download or read book Impact of Sanitary Landfills written by Frederick G. Pohland and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Landfill Bioreactor Design & Operation by : Debra R. Reinhart
Download or read book Landfill Bioreactor Design & Operation written by Debra R. Reinhart and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-09-23 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using biotechnology to help control landfill processes can mitigate costs, shorten the time needed to process solid waste, and ease the typical ecological damage to the land being used. This first-of-its-kind book provides regulators, designers, landfill owners, and operators with information that supports the utility of landfill bioreactors and provides design and operating criteria essential for the successful application of this technology. It pulls together laboratory, pilot, and full-scale experiences into one concise guide to designing and running municipal landfills as bioreactors. Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation covers the history and background of landfill technology, research studies of actual bioreactor landfills, expected leachate and gas yields, specific design criteria, operation guidelines, and reuse of landfill sites to avoid having to establish new sites. For anyone looking for an alternative to large, wasteful landfill sites, this book provides a practical alternative to the problem.
Book Synopsis Effect of Frost Penetration on Moisture Movement in Solid Waste Landfills by : Gene Leskiw
Download or read book Effect of Frost Penetration on Moisture Movement in Solid Waste Landfills written by Gene Leskiw and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sanitary Landfill Leachate by : Syed R. Qasim
Download or read book Sanitary Landfill Leachate written by Syed R. Qasim and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FROM THE PREFACE Sanitary landfills are the most widely utilized method of solid waste disposal around the world. With increased use and public awareness of this method of disposal, there is much concern with respect to the pollution potential of the landfill leachate. Depending on the composition and extent of decomposition of the refuse and hydrological factors, the leachate may become highly contaminated. As leachate migrates away from a landfill, it may cause serious pollution to the groundwater aquifer as well as adjacent surface waters. There is growing concern about surface and groundwater pollution from leachate. Better understanding and prediction of leachate generation, containment, and treatment are needed. This book contains a literature review of various methodologies that have been developed for prediction, generation, characterization, containment, control, and treatment of leachate from sanitary landfills. The contents of this book are divided into nine chapters. Each chapter contains theory and definition of the important design parameters, literature review, example calculations, and references. Chapter 1 is devoted to basic facts of solid waste problems current status and future trends towards waste reduction and recycling. Chapter 2 provides a general overview of municipal solid waste generation, collection, transport, resource recovery and reuse, and disposal options. The current status of sanitary landfill design and operation, problems associated with the landfilling, and future trends are presented in Chapter 3. Methods of enhanced stabilization, recycling landfill space, methane recovery, and above grade landfilling, and closure and post closure care of completed landfills are also discussed in detail. Chapter 4 provides a general overview of Subtitle D regulations and its impact upon sanitary landfilling practices. Chapter 5 is devoted entirely to moisture routing and leachate generation mechanisms. Examples of calculation pr
Book Synopsis Microbiology of Solid Waste by : Anna C. Palmisano
Download or read book Microbiology of Solid Waste written by Anna C. Palmisano and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-09 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in solid waste disposal has been growing since the early 1960s, when researchers emphasized the potential for solid waste to harbor pathogenic microorganisms. Since then, society has become more interested in the environmental impacts of solid waste treatment and disposal, and how biological processes are used to minimize these impacts. This new text provides a basic understanding of the unique microbial ecosystems associated with the decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW). It addresses the challenges of sampling and assaying microbial activities in MSW and describes preferred methods. The decomposition of MSW under anaerobic conditions in landfills and digestors is described, as well as under aerobioconditions during composting. The Microbiology of Solid Wastes discusses the need to consider MSW as an integrated system of collection, recycling, treatment, and disposal. A better understanding of solid waste microbiology will contribute to safe and economical solid waste management. Microbiologists, environmental engineers, and solid waste managers will all find this a useful reference.
Book Synopsis Pyrolysis and Gasification by : G.L. Ferrero
Download or read book Pyrolysis and Gasification written by G.L. Ferrero and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989-12-31 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Landfill Waste Pollution and Control by : K Westlake
Download or read book Landfill Waste Pollution and Control written by K Westlake and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2014-01-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses a pollution hazard prevalent in most cities and large towns world-wide by providing an understanding of the scientific and technical control of the landfill method of domestic and non-domestic waste disposal, considered within the framework of integrated waste management. Landfill disposal is practised world-wide, and is cheap and convenient but, if poorly managed, poses a serious threat to the environment. This pollution threat is a source of concern to regulating authorities and environmental pressure groups. This comprehensive text reflects the authority of the author's considerable experience in assessment and remediation of landfill sites, which he has taught in post-graduate courses on hazardous waste management, and in running international programmes on waste and contaminated land-related subjects for industry. Dr. Westlake's expertise also reflects his work in association with the Environmental Safety Centre at the Harwell Laboratory.Featuring the microbial degradation of waste within landfills, with an understanding of hazards associated with the production, migration and control of landfill gas and leachate, the book also points to the benefits to be obtained from gas production. There is important discussion on the monitoring of potentially dangerous dormant sites, and much helpful advice on trouble shooting.The text is set in the context of regulatory controls and assesses their impact, while at the same time looking at the way forward for waste disposal by landfill. There is coverage of legislative requirements and constraints including those from the European Union reflecting official attitudes. There is growing international consensus that EU regulations can be interpreted and applied as a benchmark in relation to legal practices and attitudes in all countries throughout the world - Addresses a pollution hazard prevalent in most cities and large towns world-wide - Provides an understanding of the scientific and technical control of the landfill method of domestic and non-domestic waste disposal, considered within the framework of integrated waste management - Provides an important discussion on the monitoring of potentially dangerous dormant sites
Book Synopsis Sustainable Practices for Landfill Design and Operation by : Timothy G. Townsend
Download or read book Sustainable Practices for Landfill Design and Operation written by Timothy G. Townsend and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-16 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste management is a global concern, and landfilling remains the predominant management method in most areas of the world. This book provides a comprehensive view of state-of-the-art methods to manage landfills more sustainably, drawing upon more than two decades of research, design, and operational experiences at operating sites across the world. Sustainable landfills implement one or multiple technologies to control and enhance the degradation of waste materials to realize a multitude of potential benefits during or shortly after the landfill’s operating phase. This book presents detailed approaches in the development, design, operation, and monitoring of sustainable landfills. Case studies showcasing the benefits and challenges of sustainable landfill technologies are also provided to give the reader additional context. The intent of the book is to serve as a reference guide for regulatory personnel, a practical tool for designers and engineers to build on for site-specific applications of sustainable landfill technologies, and a comprehensive resource for researchers who are continuing to explore new and better ways to more sustainably manage waste materials.
Book Synopsis Landfill and Surface Impoundment Performance Evaluation Manual by : Charles A. Moore
Download or read book Landfill and Surface Impoundment Performance Evaluation Manual written by Charles A. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
