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Effects Of Land Use Intensification And Auto Pricing Policies On Regional Travel Emissions And Fuel Use
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Book Synopsis Effects of Land Use Intensification and Auto Pricing Policies on Regional Travel, Emissions and Fuel Use by : Robert A. Johnston
Download or read book Effects of Land Use Intensification and Auto Pricing Policies on Regional Travel, Emissions and Fuel Use written by Robert A. Johnston and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Unpacking the Complex Relationship Between Land Use, Vehicle Travel, and Transportation Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions by : Kwangyul Choi
Download or read book Unpacking the Complex Relationship Between Land Use, Vehicle Travel, and Transportation Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions written by Kwangyul Choi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation research aims to disentangle the relationship between land use, vehicle travel, and transportation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A great number of studies have paid attention to the impact of land use on transportation GHG emissions using vehicle miles traveled (VMT) as a substitute. Most studies equated VMT reduction with reduction of transportation GHG emissions. Few have examined in depth the varying components that affect transportation GHG emissions in vehicle travel operational dimensions. Moreover, few have applied the use of larger geographic-level land use. These studies, however, have limitations in examining a comprehensive relationship between land use and transportation GHG emissions. This dissertation research therefore focuses on the links between land-use measures at various geographic levels and household vehicle travel characteristics impacts on transportation GHG emissions. In doing so, this dissertation research consists of the three closely related research questions. Using the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), this research first examines whether neighborhood-level land use attributes proportionally affect household daily VMT and transportation GHG emissions (CO2e). A series of multiple regression models developed in Chapter Four address the impact of land use on household vehicle travel characteristics and transportation GHG emissions. Results suggest that land use strategies at the neighborhood level such as densification, a mixture of land use, and improvement of road connectivity can play a significant role in reducing vehicle travel. However, these land use changes may cause traffic delays in the area. Chapter Five focuses on the impact of multiple geographic-level land use (i.e., neighborhood, county, and MSA) on both household VMT and transportation GHG emissions by applying hierarchical linear modeling. Results suggest that the effectiveness of similar strategies can vary by geographic scales at which those strategies are implemented. Chapter Six examines the intervening effects of vehicle travel characteristics on transportation GHG emissions by employing structural equation modeling. Results suggest that land use at various geographic levels influence not only household VMT but also vehicle travel speed and vehicle trip frequency, which together in turn affect household transportation GHG emissions. Finally, this research presents a case study of the Austin, TX region using the 2006 Austin Travel Survey (ATS) in Chapter Seven. Applying a path model similar to the one developed in the preceding chapter, this study scrutinizes the role of land use in reducing transportation GHG emissions in both regional and local contexts. Results suggest that densification and a mixture of land use are still effective land use strategies to reduce region-wide emissions. However, design improvement can be a double-edged sword because of its unintended effect of reduced vehicle travel speed. Overall, the findings contend that both travel demand management and mobility management at various geographic levels should be fully discussed in the early stages of planning. In addition, the role of metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) in controlling regional development should be extended. The expansion of authorities and responsibilities of MPOs may enable the region at all levels to be developed more sustainably.
Book Synopsis The Impacts of Urban Form on Travel by : Randall Crane
Download or read book The Impacts of Urban Form on Travel written by Randall Crane and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Transportation and Land Use Plans Using Linked Economic and GIS Models by : Robert A. Johnston
Download or read book The Evaluation of Transportation and Land Use Plans Using Linked Economic and GIS Models written by Robert A. Johnston and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regional Management of Automotive Emissions by :
Download or read book Regional Management of Automotive Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Access written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Unraveling the Effects of Land Use Planning and Energy Policy on Travel Behavior by : Harya S. Dillon
Download or read book Unraveling the Effects of Land Use Planning and Energy Policy on Travel Behavior written by Harya S. Dillon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-essay dissertation focuses on understanding linkages between urban form, travel behavior, ownership of alternative fuel vehicles, active commuting, congestion, fuel consumption, and air pollution (including greenhouse gas emissions). These essays estimated different specifications of Generalized Structural Equation Models (GSEM) to explicitly account for residential self-selection and vehicle choice endogeneities.The first essay analyzes the influence of land use policies and gasoline prices on driving patterns. I estimated a Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) with a Tobit-link specification on a Southern California subsample of the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS). These data haves a quasi-experimental nature thanks to large exogenous variation in gasoline price during the survey period. I analyzed separately home-based work trips and non-work trips under the hypothesis that households have more flexibility to adjust their non-work trips when gasoline prices change, whereas most of the literature does not take trip purpose into account. To measure urban form, which is treated as a latent construct, I used fine-grained geospatial information including population density, land use mix, employment density, distance to employment centers and transit availability. I found that, in the short run, households drive 0.171% less for non-work trips when gasoline prices increase by 1%, while work trips are not responsive to gasoline price changes. This suggests that, in the short term, higher fuel prices reduce discretionary driving such as shopping and recreational trips, but they do not affect non-discretionary driving such as commuting trips. My results also suggest that policies that seek to increase transit service and housing opportunities near employment centers will reduce driving.The second essay investigates the impact of government incentives such as access exemption to High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes and parking privileges on household ownership of Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) using Generalized Structural Equation Models (GSEM), and accounts for residential self-selection, household demographics and ambient political-environmentalism. I analyzed geocoded travel diary data from the 2012 California Household Travel Survey (CHTS), linked with fueling station data from the US Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center and precinct level election data from the UC Berkeley Statewide Database. My findings suggest that, on average, households with alternative fuel vehicles drive approximately 10 miles more on weekdays and about 0.5 miles more on non-discretionary trips than otherwise similar households. In addition, households who live closer to a freeway with HOV lanes, work closer to an AFV charging facility (that provides free parking), and are likely supportive of pro-environmental measures are more likely to own alternative fuel vehicles.The third essay examines the influence of urban form on transit use and non-motorized travel (NMT, including biking and walking) for households (with at least one employed adult) in Los Angeles and Orange Counties in California based on 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data. The objectives of the research are (1) to assess several methods for measuring urban form features in the near-residence and near-workplace environments and (2) to assess the importance of these urban form features on transit use and NMT after accounting for the influence of these features on household vehicle ownership and residential selection. Results provide insights into the relative influence of several specifications of population density, transit access and walkability measures on transit use and NMT for commute and non-work trips. Reduced form models suggest that the dominant determinant of discretionary travel is household socio-demographic status. In terms of residential selection, lower income, younger, and smaller households are more likely to choose a dense, pedestrian friendly, and transit rich neighborhood. In terms of vehicle ownership, households living in high density, pedestrian friendly, and transit rich neighborhoods are less likely to own vehicles. After accounting for the influence of urban form on vehicle ownership and residential selection, workplace transit accessibility has greater influence on transit commuting than transit access near a household's residence. Results vary by how urban form is specified and by the source of travel data. Finally, there is some evidence that population density affects active travel for discretionary purposes.
Book Synopsis Applying an Integrated Model to the Evaluation of Travel Demand Management Policies in the Sacramento Region by :
Download or read book Applying an Integrated Model to the Evaluation of Travel Demand Management Policies in the Sacramento Region written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes how an advanced integrated land use and transportation model (the Sacramento MEPLAN) was used to evaluate transit and supportive land use and pricing policies. The model represents the effect that the transportation system has on land use. The interaction of land use and transportation needs to be represented. Otherwise, there may be a biased analysis of transit and highway alternatives. The Sacramento MEPLAN features a more comprehensive representation of induced travel effects, thus increasing sensitivity to policies such as transit, land use measures and pricing policies.
Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Multimodal Transportation Systems for Economic Efficiency and Other Impacts by : Robert A. Johnston
Download or read book The Evaluation of Multimodal Transportation Systems for Economic Efficiency and Other Impacts written by Robert A. Johnston and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Driving and the Built Environment by : National Research Council
Download or read book Driving and the Built Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-25 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB Special Report 298: Driving and the Built Environment: Effects of Compact Development on Motorized Travel, Energy Use, and CO2 Emissions examines the relationship between land development patterns and vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in the United States to assess whether petroleum use, and by extension greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, could be reduced by changes in the design of development patterns. The report estimates the contributions that changes in residential and mixed-use development patterns and transit investments could make in reducing VMT by 2030 and 2050, and the impact this could have in meeting future transportation-related GHG reduction goals.
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Evaluation of the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program Publisher :Transportation Research Board ISBN 13 :0309077001 Total Pages :520 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program by : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Evaluation of the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program
Download or read book The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Evaluation of the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2002 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) program was enacted as part of the surface transportation legislation. This work recommends that Congress retain the sole federal surface transportation program that funds projects to reduce pollution and traffic congestion in areas that must comply with national air quality standards.
Book Synopsis Anticipating the Impacts of Climate Policies on the U.S. Light-duty-vehicle Fleet, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Household Welfare by : Binny Mathew Paul
Download or read book Anticipating the Impacts of Climate Policies on the U.S. Light-duty-vehicle Fleet, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Household Welfare written by Binny Mathew Paul and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first part of this thesis relies on stated and revealed preference survey results across a sample of U.S. households to first ascertain vehicle acquisition, disposal, and use patterns, and then simulate these for a synthetic population over time. Results include predictions of future U.S. household-fleet composition, use, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under nine different scenarios, including variations in fuel and plug-in-electric-vehicle (PHEV) prices, new-vehicle feebate policies, and land-use-density settings. The adoption and widespread use of plug-in vehicles will depend on thoughtful marketing, competitive pricing, government incentives, reliable driving-range reports, and adequate charging infrastructure. This work highlights the impacts of various directions consumers may head with such vehicles. For example, twenty-five-year simulations at gas prices at $7 per gallon resulted in the highest market share predictions (16.30%) for PHEVs, HEVs, and Smart Cars (combined) -- and the greatest GHG-emissions reductions. Predictions under the two feebate policy scenarios suggest shifts toward fuel-efficient vehicles, but with vehicle miles traveled (VMT) rising slightly (by 0.96% and 1.42%), thanks to lower driving costs. The stricter of the two feebate policies--coupled with gasoline at $5 per gallon--resulted in the highest market share (16.37%) for PHEVs, HEVs, and Smart Cars, but not as much GHG emissions reduction as the $7 gas price scenario. Total VMT values under the two feebate scenarios and low-PHEV-pricing scenarios were higher than those under the trend scenario (by 0.56%, 0.96%, and 1.42%, respectively), but only the low-PHEV-pricing scenario delivered higher overall GHG emission estimates (just 0.23% more than trend) in year 2035. The high-density scenario (where job and household densities were quadrupled) resulted in the lowest total vehicle ownership levels, along with below-trend VMT and emissions rates. Finally, the scenario involving a $7,500 rebate on all PHEVs still predicted lower PHEV market share than the $7 gas price scenario (i.e., 2.85% rather than 3.78%). The second part of this thesis relies on data from the U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX) to estimate the welfare impacts of carbon taxes and household-level capping of emissions (with carbon-credit trading allowed). A translog utility framework was calibrated and then used to anticipate household expenditures across nine consumer goods categories, including vehicle usage and vehicle expenses. An input-output model was used to estimate the impact of carbon pricing on goods prices, and a vehicle choice model determined vehicle type preferences, along with each household's effective travel costs. Behaviors were predicted under two carbon tax scenarios ($50 per ton and $100 per ton of CO2-equivalents) and four cap-and-trade scenarios (10-ton and 15-ton cap per person per year with trading allowed at $50 per ton and $100 per ton carbon price). Results suggest that low-income households respond the most under a $100-per-ton tax but increase GHG emissions under cap-and-trade scenarios, thanks to increased income via sale of their carbon credits. High-income households respond the most across all the scenarios under a 10-ton cap (per household member, per year) and trading at $100 per ton scenario. Highest overall emission reduction (47.2%) was estimated to be under $100 per ton carbon tax. High welfare loss was predicted for all households (to the order of 20% of household income) under both the policies. Results suggest that a carbon tax will be regressive (in terms of taxes paid per dollar of expenditure), but a tax-revenue redistribution can be used to offset this regressivity. In the absence of substitution opportunities (within each of the nine expenditure categories), these results represent highly conservative (worst-case) results, but they illuminate the behavioral response trends while providing a rigorous framework for future work.
Book Synopsis Acta Environmentalica Universitatis Comenianae by :
Download or read book Acta Environmentalica Universitatis Comenianae written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transportation, Land Use, and Air Quality by : Said Easa
Download or read book Transportation, Land Use, and Air Quality written by Said Easa and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection contains 77 papers exploring transportation, land use, and air quality presented at a specialty conference, held in Portland, Oregon, May 17-20, 1998.
Author :Theodoros I. Zachariadis Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9400721234 Total Pages :425 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (7 download)
Book Synopsis Cars and Carbon by : Theodoros I. Zachariadis
Download or read book Cars and Carbon written by Theodoros I. Zachariadis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-19 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains articles from leading analysts and researchers on sustainable transportation, who provide critical reflections on how automobile-related climate policies have evolved up to now in Europe and around the world, in view of the widely recognized need to substantially curb global emissions of greenhouse gases in the coming decades. Authors describe the policies which have been most effective, outline their economic and social implications, present success stories while critically reviewing less successful examples, and suggest strategies to decarbonize passenger transportation on a global scale.
Book Synopsis Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Demand for Urban Passenger Transport by : David A. Hensher
Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Demand for Urban Passenger Transport written by David A. Hensher and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Review of the International Modeling Literature by :
Download or read book A Review of the International Modeling Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
