Effects of Gestational Dietary Intake on Calf Growth and Early Feedlot Performance of Offspring

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Gestational Dietary Intake on Calf Growth and Early Feedlot Performance of Offspring by : Jose Gardner

Download or read book Effects of Gestational Dietary Intake on Calf Growth and Early Feedlot Performance of Offspring written by Jose Gardner and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fetal programming is a relatively new and quickly growing field of research in the livestock industry. The concept of fetal programming is simply defined as the effects a change in maternal nutritional intake has on offspring, whether it be a genetic or physical change. The intention of this study was to specifically look at the effects of nutrient restriction of cows during the second trimester of gestation on the growth and performance of the resulting calves. In this study, thirty-two cows of predominantly angus influence from the Utah state university herd were chosen, naturally bred to a pure bred angus sire, and then allocated into two treatments: maintenance and restricted. These groups were treated uniformly for first and third trimesters of gestation, while in the second trimester, they were managed in a way that the maintenance group maintained a greater level of body condition and weight compared with the restricted group. Calf growth and performance was measured and compared for effects of fetal programming. Previous studies in beef found positive effects on carcass characteristics. However, little work has been done to ensure that fetal programming is not detrimental to calves early in life. Though this study did find that nutrient restriction resulted in more excitable cattle, no negative effects caused by programming were found in growth and performance of the offspring.

Effects of Gestational Energy Source on Feedlot Performance, Glucose Tolerance, and Carcass Traits of Progeny

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (785 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Gestational Energy Source on Feedlot Performance, Glucose Tolerance, and Carcass Traits of Progeny by : Lindsay M. Shoup

Download or read book Effects of Gestational Energy Source on Feedlot Performance, Glucose Tolerance, and Carcass Traits of Progeny written by Lindsay M. Shoup and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Effects of maternal energy source during gestation on postnatal growth and metabolism of progeny has not been well described. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of hay (HAY), corn (CORN), or dried distillers grains (DDGS) fed to cows in late-gestation on progeny post-weaning growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass characteristics. Angus-cross cows (n = 84; BW = 620 +̲ 12 kg) were blocked by BW and allotted to 4 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were fed at isocaloric intakes from 155 to 272 d of gestation. Following parturition, cows and calves were fed and managed as 1 group. Post-weaning, steers (n = 27) and heifers (n = 27) were transported to the feedlot, housed in individual pens, and fed a common diet which contained 50% cracked corn, 20% DDGS, 15% corn silage, and 15% supplement (DM basis). A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was conducted on calves (n = 12) on d 41 and d 111 after feedlot arrival and blood samples (n = 7) from each calf were collected from 5 to 120 min post-glucose intravenous infusion (0.25 g of glucose/kg of BW). Calves were slaughtered at a 12th rib fat thickness of 1.2 +̲ 0.05 cm as determined via ultrasound. Gestational diet did not affect (P>̲ 0.30) progeny feedlot performance (initial BW, final BW, DMI, ADG, or G:F). During the GTT, fasting concentration and area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin were not affected (P>̲ 0.47) by treatment. Glucose clearance rate was greater (P = 0.01) in progeny from dams fed CORN than progeny from dams fed HAY or DDGS. Initial insulin response was greatest to least (P 0.01) for calves from cows fed CORN, DDGS, and HAY, respectively. Fasting insulin, insulin AUC, glucose AUC, and glucose clearance rate were all greater (P

Evaluating the Effects of Pre- and Post-AI Nutrition on Embryo Quality and Reproductive Efficiency of Beef Cattle

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ISBN 13 : 9780355855951
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (559 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating the Effects of Pre- and Post-AI Nutrition on Embryo Quality and Reproductive Efficiency of Beef Cattle by : Ricardo P. Arias

Download or read book Evaluating the Effects of Pre- and Post-AI Nutrition on Embryo Quality and Reproductive Efficiency of Beef Cattle written by Ricardo P. Arias and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of nutrition during late gestation and after insemination, as well as the effects of energy reserves on reproductive function of the beef female and subsequent growth and reproductive function of their offspring were investigated. The aims of this research were: 1) to evaluate how a change in nutritional intake immediately after insemination would affect pregnancy success and concentrations of hormonal mediators, IGF-I and progesterone, 2) to determine the influence that postpartum energy reserves have on embryo viability, early embryonic development, and embryo quality, and 3) to evaluate the impact that maternal protein supplementation of irrigated meadow grass hay during the last trimester of gestation has on cow BW and BCS, calf birth and weaning BW, conception rates of heifer offspring, and feedlot performance of steer offspring. Findings from Chapter III show that suppression in nutritional plane of heifers during the 21-d following AI has a negative impact on heifer performance, circulating concentrations of IGF-I, and AI pregnancy rates. Thus, it is biologically beneficial to ensure that heifers maintain their pre-breeding plane of nutrition during the 21-d following AI. Chapter IV presents evidence that cows with BCS 5.4 tend to produce more total embryos after a superovulation program compared to cows BCS 4.3. Additionally, peripheral concentrations of IGF-I were greatest in cows with a BCS 5.4, which may be an indicator of a more suitable environment in the uterus for further development of an embryo. In Chapter V, cows supplemented with protein during the last trimester of gestation had a greater BW gain and BCS change by calving time. Weaning BW of calves born to protein supplemented dams was greater when compared to calves from non-supplemented cows. There was a trend for pregnancy rates of heifers born supplemented dams to be 16 percentage points greater (95% vs. 79%). And although dam supplementation did not seem to affect intakes, gains, feed efficiency or carcass characteristics on the male progeny in this study, advantages have been observed other peer-reviewed research studies that support the concept that late gestation supplementation can have an impact subsequent progeny.

Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309069343
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle by : Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition

Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-16 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application.

Developmental Programming in Livestock Production, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323678858
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis Developmental Programming in Livestock Production, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice by : Travis Mulliniks

Download or read book Developmental Programming in Livestock Production, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice written by Travis Mulliniks and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-05-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, edited by Dr. Rick Funston and Dr. J. Travis Mulliniks, is dedicated to Developmental Programming in Livestock Production. Topics include: Fetal Growth and Development; Cellular Mechanisms and Epigenetic Changes; Overgrowth Syndrome; Effects on Progeny and Nutrient Partitioning; Effects on Neonatal Mortality; Effects on Tissue Growth and End Product; Effects on Fertility; Effects on Animal Health and Immune Function; Effects on Dam and Progeny Milk Production; Multigenerational Effects; Developmental Resiliency: in utero Adaptation to Environmental Stimuli; and Developmental Programming in a Beef Production System.

Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470959525
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry by : Rodney A. Hill

Download or read book Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry written by Rodney A. Hill and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-11 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry provides a thorough and concise overview of feed efficiency in beef cattle. It frames the great importance of feed efficiency to the industry and details the latest findings of the many scientific disciplines that intersect and aim to improve efficient and sustainable production of nutritious beef. The vast majority of production costs are directly tied to feed. With increased demand for grains to feed a rapidly increasing world population and to supply a new demand for alternative fuels, feed costs continue to increase. In recent years, the negative environmental impacts of inefficient feeding have also been realized; as such feed efficiency is an important factor in both economic viability and environmental sustainability of cattle production. Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry covers a broad range of topics ranging from economic evaluation of feed efficiency to the physiological and genetic bases of efficient conversion of feed to high quality beef. Chapters also look at how a fuller understanding of feed efficiency is leading to new selective breeding efforts to develop more efficient cattle. With wide-ranging coverage from leading international researchers, Feed Efficiency will be a valuable resource for producers who wish to understand the complexities, challenges, and opportunities to reduce their cost of production, for students studying the topic and for researchers and professionals working in the beef industry.

Fetal Growth and Development

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521645430
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (454 download)

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Book Synopsis Fetal Growth and Development by : Richard Harding

Download or read book Fetal Growth and Development written by Richard Harding and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-05-24 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A valuable insight into fetal growth and development across all the main body systems.

Beef Cattle Production and Trade

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Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
ISBN 13 : 0643109900
Total Pages : 894 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Beef Cattle Production and Trade by : Lewis Kahn

Download or read book Beef Cattle Production and Trade written by Lewis Kahn and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beef Cattle Production and Trade covers all aspects of the beef industry from paddock to plate. It is an international text with an emphasis on Australian beef production, written by experts in the field. The book begins with an overview of the historical evolution of world beef consumption and introductory chapters on carcass and meat quality, market preparation and world beef production. North America, Brazil, China, South-East Asia and Japan are discussed in separate chapters, followed by Australian beef production, including feed lotting and live export. The remaining chapters summarise R&D, emphasising the Australian experience, and look at different production systems and aspects of animal husbandry such as health, reproduction, grazing, feeding and finishing, genetics and breeding, production efficiency, environmental management and business management. The final chapter examines various case studies in northern and southern Australia, covering feed demand and supply, supplements, pasture management, heifer and weaner management, and management of internal and external parasites.

Metabolic Modifiers

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Publisher : National Academies
ISBN 13 : 0309049970
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Metabolic Modifiers by : National Research Council

Download or read book Metabolic Modifiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.

Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309317029
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1944, the National Research Council (NRC) has published seven editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the cattle and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for beef cattle. The cattle industry has undergone considerable changes since the seventh revised edition was published in 2000 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate. The eighth revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle builds on the previous editions. A great deal of new research has been published during the past 14 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of beef in all stages of life, this volume includes new information about phosphorus and sulfur contents; a review of nutritional and feeding strategies to minimize nutrient losses in manure and reduce greenhouse gas production; a discussion of the effect of feeding on the nutritional quality and food safety of beef; new information about nutrient metabolism and utilization; new information on feed additives that alter rumen metabolism and postabsorptive metabolism; and future areas of needed research. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on beef cattle nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious beef production.

Biology of Metabolism in Growing Animals

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0444510133
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology of Metabolism in Growing Animals by : Douglas Burrin, PhD

Download or read book Biology of Metabolism in Growing Animals written by Douglas Burrin, PhD and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2005-04-19 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is intended to provide in-depth reviews of the recent advances in major areas of metabolism in growing domestic animals. The study of metabolism represents a nexus of biological phenomenon that integrates the impact of nutrition, physiology, endocrinology, immunology, biochemistry, and cell biology in an organism. The development of new methodological techniques and experimental approaches have provide scientists with a greater understanding of how key nutrients or substrates are metabolized at the cellular, organ, and whole animal level. This book presents contributions from leading scientists in nutrition and physiology that highlight important new developments in interorgan and tissue-specific metabolism of protein and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, and carbohydrates in monogastric and runinant species. Authors will describe the impact of specific biochemical pathways and expression of critical enzymes, routes of nutrient or substrate input, and anatomical or structural influences on the rates of metabolism in a given tissue or cell type. Major substrates/ fuels for oxidative metabolism, key signaling pathways, and intracellular molecules that regulate the major metabolic processes will be described. Also included is how the metabolism of growing animals is influenced by ontogeny, stage of differentiation, and major changes in diet, or the environment. The concepts and specific findings in each area are discussed in the context of their impact on the nutrient requirements, growth, environmental impact, healt and well-being of animals. The book will be a useful reference for research scientists, teachers and students interested in and advanced understanding of metabolism in growing animals. The book is written by leading experts and highlights some of the most recent advances in the field of metabolism. It is a useful reference for researchers and advanced level graduate students in nutrition, physiology and animal science. Presents recent advances in the field of metabolism.

Dairy 2007: Reference of dairy cattle health and management practices in the United States, 2007

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Dairy 2007: Reference of dairy cattle health and management practices in the United States, 2007 by :

Download or read book Dairy 2007: Reference of dairy cattle health and management practices in the United States, 2007 written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048131359
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity by : Paul L. Greenwood

Download or read book Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity written by Paul L. Greenwood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-27 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prenatal life is the period of maximal development in animals, and it is well recognised that factors that alter development can have profound effects on the embryonic, fetal and postnatal animal. Scientists involved in research on livestock productivity have for decades studied postnatal consequences of fetal development on productivity. Recently, however, there has been a surge in interest in how to manage prenatal development to enhance livestock health and productivity. This has occurred largely due to the studies that show human health in later life can be influenced by events during prenatal life, and establishment of the Fetal Origins and the Thrifty Phenotype Hypotheses. This book, Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity reviews phenotypic consequences of prenatal development, and provides details of mechanisms that underpin these effects in ruminants, pigs and poultry. The chapters have been divided into three parts: Quantification of prenatal effects on postnatal productivity, mechanistic bases of postnatal consequences of prenatal development and regulators of fetal and neonatal nutrient supply. Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity is a reference from which future research to improve the level of understanding and capacity to enhance productivity, health and efficiency of livestock in developing and developed countries will evolve. It is particularly timely given the development of molecular technologies that are providing new insight into regulation and consequences of growth and development of the embryo, fetus and neonate.

Vitamins and Minerals in Pregnancy and Lactation

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Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Vitamins and Minerals in Pregnancy and Lactation by : Heribert Berger

Download or read book Vitamins and Minerals in Pregnancy and Lactation written by Heribert Berger and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1988 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Stomach Worm

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The Stomach Worm by : John Spencer

Download or read book The Stomach Worm written by John Spencer and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Predicting Feed Intake of Food-Producing Animals

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030903695X
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Predicting Feed Intake of Food-Producing Animals by : National Research Council

Download or read book Predicting Feed Intake of Food-Producing Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1987-02-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How much do animals eat? Why do eating patterns change? How do physiological, dietary, and environmental factors affect feed intake? This volume, a comprehensive overview of the latest animal feed intake research, answers these questions with detailed information about the feeding patterns of fishes, pigs, poultry, dairy cows, beef cattle, and sheep. Equations for calculating predicted feed intake are presented for each animal and are accompanied by charts, graphs, and tables.

Livestock's Long Shadow

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251055717
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (557 download)

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Book Synopsis Livestock's Long Shadow by : Henning Steinfeld

Download or read book Livestock's Long Shadow written by Henning Steinfeld and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The assessment builds on the work of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative"--Pref.