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Effects Of Dietary And Body Lipid Content On Seawater Acclimation In Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha
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Book Synopsis Effects of Dietary and Body Lipid Content on Seawater Acclimation in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) by : Lorrie Haley
Download or read book Effects of Dietary and Body Lipid Content on Seawater Acclimation in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) written by Lorrie Haley and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physiological Ecology of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Rearing in Fluctuating Salinity Environments by : Crystal R. Hackmann
Download or read book Physiological Ecology of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Rearing in Fluctuating Salinity Environments written by Crystal R. Hackmann and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estuaries provide juvenile salmonids with highly productive feeding grounds, refugia from tidal fluctuations and predators, and acclimation areas for smoltification. However, these dynamic, fluctuating salinity environments may also be physiologically stressful to growing juvenile fish. In order to evaluate the costs and benefits of estuarine marshes to juvenile Chinook salmon, I observed habitat use, diet, and growth of fish in the Nehalem Estuary on the Oregon coast. I also examined physiological costs associated with salmon living in fluctuating salinities and growth rates in laboratory experiments. I collected growth, diet and osmoregulation information from juvenile Chinook salmon in three tidal marsh sites in the Nehalem Bay and from juveniles in the Nehalem River. Stomach contents indicated that a high proportion of the diet is derived from terrestrial prey. These allochthonous prey resources likely become available during the flood stages of tidal cycles when drift, emergent and terrestrial insects would become available from the grasses surrounding the water. This field study confirmed that juvenile Chinook salmon utilized fluctuating salinity habitats to feed on a wide range of items including terrestrial-derived resources. Although field studies indicate that fish in estuarine habitats grow well and have access to quality prey resources, experimental manipulations of salinities were used to quantify the physiological costs of residing in the freshwater-saltwater transitional zone. In the laboratory, I designed an experiment to investigate the physiological responses to fluctuating salinities. Experimental treatments consisted of freshwater (FW), saltwater (SW) (22-25%o); and a fluctuating salinity (SW/FW) (2 - 25%o). These treatments were based on typical salinity fluctuations found in estuarine habitats. I measured length, weight, plasma electrolytes and cortisol concentrations for indications of growth and osmoregulatory function. The fluctuating salinity treatment had a negative effect on growth rate and initial osmoregulatory ability when compared with constant freshwater and saltwater treatments. The results indicated that fluctuating salinities had a small but marginally significant reduction in growth rate, possibly due to the additional energetic requirements of switching between hyper- and hypo-osmoregulation. However, 24-hour saltwater challenge results indicated that all fish were capable of osmoregulating in full-strength seawater. In a second experiment, I manipulated feed consumption rates of juvenile spring Chinook salmon to investigate the effects of variable growth rates on osmoregulatory ability and to test the validity of RNA:DNA ratios as indication of recent growth. The treatments consisted of three different feeding rates: three tanks of fish fed 0.7 5% (LOW) body weight; three tanks fed 3% (HIGH) body weight; and three tanks were fasted (NONE) during the experiment. These laboratory results showed a significant difference in the osmoregulatory ability of the NONE treatment compared to the LOW and HIGH treatments which indicates that a reduction in caloric intake significantly effected osmoregulatory capabilities during a 24 hour saltwater challenge. Furthermore, this suggests that there is a minimum energetic requirement in order to maintain proper ion- and osmoregulation in marine conditions. Estuarine marshes have the potential to provide productive feeding grounds with sufficient prey input from terrestrial systems. However, utilization of these marshes in sub-optimal conditions could alter behavior or impair physiological condition of juvenile Chinook salmon prior to their seaward migration by providing insufficient prey resources in a potentially stressful, fluctuating environment. Therefore, the physiological costs associated with estuarine habitat use should be well understood in order to aid future restoration planning.
Download or read book Fish Nutrition written by Ronald W. Hardy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish Nutrition, Fourth Edition is an up-to-date, authoritative presentation of all key elements of the nutrition of fish and crustaceans. As aquaculture is rapidly expanding, more than 200 herbivorous and carnivorous species occupy a diverse range of ecological niches, and have therefore evolved to utilize a wide array of food sources. This new edition highlights these differences and covers the complexity and challenges associated with fish nutrition, addressing nutrient requirements to produce high-quality, healthful and sustainable resources, the essential nutrients for fish species, including proteins and amino acids, vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids, a feed quality assessment, and fish pathology. Led by a team of international experts, this edition provides readers with new information on the use of high-throughput technologies in fish nutrition research, the role of feeds on the community structure of the microbiome, and advances in essential nutrient requirements. Features expansive updates to the previous edition, including a new chapter dedicated to diet analysis and evaluation Addresses the roles of fish nutrition and feeds on sustainability and the environmental impacts of aquaculture Covers basic nutritional biochemistry and applied nutritional topics
Download or read book Master's Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Book Synopsis The Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition, Growth, Mortality and Saltwater Tolerance in Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) by : Ivor Paul Bernatsky
Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition, Growth, Mortality and Saltwater Tolerance in Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) written by Ivor Paul Bernatsky and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Elevated Temperature and Stress on Immune Function in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) by : Laura Nicole Martini Harrahy
Download or read book The Effects of Elevated Temperature and Stress on Immune Function in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) written by Laura Nicole Martini Harrahy and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress, including extreme or rapidly changing temperatures, are known to have deleterious effects on fish health and physiology. This thesis examines the combined effects of elevated acclimation temperature and acute handling stress on the number of antibody producing cells, plasma lysozyme concentrations, and the number of pronephric leukocytes in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). An additional goal of this thesis was to explore the effects of a temperature fluctuation, as a potential instigator of thermal shock, on innate immunity in wild fall chinook salmon of the Columbia River, specifically to determine if there are effects on plasma lysozyme concentrations and on the frequencies of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and thrombocytes in circulation. Finally, based on results found in an experiment involving elevated acclimation temperature, the relationship between the number of antibody producing cells and fish body weight was examined. Plasma lysozyme concentrations and the number of pronephric leukocytes were both affected by acclimation to 21°C compared to 13°C. While a positive relationship was found between temperature and lysozyme, an inverse relationship was found between temperature and the number of pronephric leukocytes. Plasma lysozyme concentrations, the number of pronephric leukocytes, and the number of antibody producing cells did not respond to the stressor, and the combination of elevated temperature and stress did not have an additive effect on any of the physiological or immunological variables studied. Differences between controls and temperature-treated fish were not detected among individual time points throughout a temperature fluctuation experiment, despite overall responses in plasma lysozyme concentrations and the frequencies of circulating lymphocytes. The frequencies of circulating neutrophils and thrombocytes did not respond to the thermal stressor. Finally, a significant positive relationship was detected between the number of antibody producing cells (assessed by a hemolytic plaque assay) and body weight among non-stressed fish acclimated to 21°C and 13°C. Regardless of acclimation temperature, these results emphasize the importance of the standardization of fish size for immunological experiments. Results from this thesis suggest that some components of innate immunity are affected by elevated acclimation temperatures and that the adaptive immune system is affected by acclimation temperature differently in small and large fish.
Book Synopsis Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences by :
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Seawater Entry Date on 24-hour Plasma Sodium Concentration and Survival of Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Reared in Marine Net Pens by : Frank Patrick Thrower
Download or read book Effect of Seawater Entry Date on 24-hour Plasma Sodium Concentration and Survival of Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Reared in Marine Net Pens written by Frank Patrick Thrower and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Feeding Ecology and Growth of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) During Early Marine Residence by : Marisa Norma Chantal Litz
Download or read book Feeding Ecology and Growth of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) During Early Marine Residence written by Marisa Norma Chantal Litz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early marine phase following freshwater emigration has been identified as a critical period in salmonid (Oncorhynchus spp.) life history, characterized by high but variable mortality. Consistent with the “growth-mortality” and “bigger-is-better” hypotheses, at least some of the mortality during the critical period appears to be size-dependent – with smaller or slower growing individuals less likely to survive than larger, faster growing conspecifics. Size and growth are flexible morphological traits that vary with prey availability, yet there is incomplete information on the temporal and spatial match/mismatch between juvenile salmonids and their marine prey in the Northern California Current Ecosystem. This work addressed a gap in the understanding of seasonal variability in prey community composition, abundance, and quality during early marine residence. Three studies were conducted using a population of subyearling (age-0) Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) from the upper Columbia River in order to evaluate the effects of prey on salmon growth, biochemistry, and performance. The first was a laboratory study that tested for growth rate and swimming speed differences in salmon reared on three treatment diets followed by three fasting treatments to assess the effects of variability in summer diet quality and winter diet quantity. Significant differences in growth were detected among fasting treatments but not diet treatments. Also, larger salmon with more storage lipids swam faster than smaller leaner fish following fasting, indirectly supporting the notion that growth during the critical period provides a carryover benefit important for overwinter survival. Salmon fatty acids and bulk stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were measured throughout the experiment to provide estimates of turnover and incorporation rates. The next study was a longitudinal field study that measured variation in salmon size and prey field community throughout the early ocean period (May – September) over two years of high marine survival (2011 and 2012) to better understand the relationship between prey community composition and salmon growth. Maximum growth rates were associated with high biomass of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) which peaked in abundance at different times in each year. The final bioenergetics modeling study combined data from the laboratory and field studies to evaluate the relative importance of prey availability, prey energy density, and temperature on salmon growth. Variation in feeding rate was related most with growth rate variability and least with prey energy density. Throughout their range, subyearlings can grow at high rates in the ocean (>2% body weight per day) by consuming both invertebrate and marine fish prey. However, when marine fish prey are highly abundant they likely provide an energetic advantage over invertebrate prey by reducing overall foraging costs. Quantifying the abundance, size, diet, and distribution of juvenile salmonids relative to their prey field throughout early ocean residence will contribute to a better understanding of seasonal differences in trophic interactions that are associated with differences in annual growth and survival rates. Moreover, an integrated approach that combines sampling of prey with measurements of predator growth, diet, fatty acids, and stable isotopes provides a useful framework for assessing trophic dynamics and evaluating the effects of climate variability and change on predator and prey communities.
Book Synopsis Biological & Agricultural Index by :
Download or read book Biological & Agricultural Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 2652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Elevated Water Temperature on Some Aspects of the Physiological and Ecological Performance of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Ishawytscha) by : Keith Richard Marine
Download or read book Effects of Elevated Water Temperature on Some Aspects of the Physiological and Ecological Performance of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Ishawytscha) written by Keith Richard Marine and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Transmitter Type, Tagging Method, Body Size, and Temperature on Behavior, Physiology, and Swimming Performance of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) by : Russell W. Perry
Download or read book Effects of Transmitter Type, Tagging Method, Body Size, and Temperature on Behavior, Physiology, and Swimming Performance of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) written by Russell W. Perry and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies of Caloric and Vitamin Levels of Salmon Diets by : Laurie G. Fowler
Download or read book Studies of Caloric and Vitamin Levels of Salmon Diets written by Laurie G. Fowler and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of the 1963 feeding trials may be summarized as follows: (1) Fish fed a vitamin-supplemented all-meal diet were maintained successfully for 24 weeeks with low mortality; (2) Rancidity in salmon carcass meal as indicated by a high TBA value reduced growth; (3) Fish that received meat supplements deposited more protein but did not have more efficient protein utilization than fish fed all-meal diets; (4) soybean oil meal was an inadequate replacement for cottonseed meal when fed as a component of the basal ration; (5) increasing the caloric level of a diet produced a sparing action on the protein requirements of the fish; (6) blood characteristics of fish from all diets were similar and satisfactory; (7) Fish fed with the meat-control diet had fatty infiltrated hepatic cells, which was not the case with fish fed the all-meal diets.
Book Synopsis Water Temperature Effects on Chinook Salmon (oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) with Emphasis on the Sacramento River by : Gerald L. Boles
Download or read book Water Temperature Effects on Chinook Salmon (oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) with Emphasis on the Sacramento River written by Gerald L. Boles and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Temperature and Diet on the Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) by : Terry R. Culp
Download or read book The Effect of Temperature and Diet on the Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) written by Terry R. Culp and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
