Effects Of Coal Derived Trace Species On Performance Of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

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Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Download or read book Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Carbonate Fuel Cell is a very promising option for highly efficient generation of electricity from many fuels. If coal-gas is to be used, the interactions of coal-derived impurities on various fuel cell components need to be understood. Thus the effects on Carbonate Fuel Cell performance due to ten different coal-derived contaminants viz., NH3, H2S, HCl, H2Se, AsH3, Zn, Pb, Cd, Sn, and Hg, have been studied at Energy Research Corporation. Both experimental and theoretical evaluations were performed, which have led to mechanistic insights and initial estimation of qualitative tolerance levels for each species individually and in combination with other species. The focus of this study was to investigate possible coal-gas contaminant effects on the anode side of the Carbonate Fuel Cell, using both out-of-cell thermogravimetric analysis by isothermal TGA, and fuel cell testing in bench-scale cells. Separate experiments detailing performance decay in these cells with high levels of ammonia contamination (1 vol %) and with trace levels of Cd, Hg, and Sn, have indicated that, on the whole, these elements do not affect carbonate fuel cell performance. However, some performance decay may result when a number of the other six species are present, singly or simultaneously, as contaminants in fuel gas. In all cases, tolerance levels have been estimated for each of the 10 species and preliminary models have been developed for six of them. At this stage the models are limited to isothermal, benchscale (300 cm2 size) single cells. The information obtained is expected to assist in the development of coal-gas cleanup systems, while the contaminant performance effects data will provide useful basic information for modeling fuel cell endurance in conjunction with integrated gasifier/fuel-cell systems (IGFC).

Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

Author : Energy Research Corporation
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells by : Energy Research Corporation

Download or read book Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells written by Energy Research Corporation and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells. Final Report

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Download or read book Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Carbonate Fuel Cell is a very promising option for highly efficient generation of electricity from many fuels. If coal-gas is to be used, the interactions of coal-derived impurities on various fuel cell components need to be understood. Thus the effects on Carbonate Fuel Cell performance due to ten different coal-derived contaminants viz., NH3, H2S, HCl, H2Se, AsH3, Zn, Pb, Cd, Sn, and Hg, have been studied at Energy Research Corporation. Both experimental and theoretical evaluations were performed, which have led to mechanistic insights and initial estimation of qualitative tolerance levels for each species individually and in combination with other species. The focus of this study was to investigate possible coal-gas contaminant effects on the anode side of the Carbonate Fuel Cell, using both out-of-cell thermogravimetric analysis by isothermal TGA, and fuel cell testing in bench-scale cells. Separate experiments detailing performance decay in these cells with high levels of ammonia contamination (1 vol %) and with trace levels of Cd, Hg, and Sn, have indicated that, on the whole, these elements do not affect carbonate fuel cell performance. However, some performance decay may result when a number of the other six species are present, singly or simultaneously, as contaminants in fuel gas. In all cases, tolerance levels have been estimated for each of the 10 species and preliminary models have been developed for six of them. At this stage the models are limited to isothermal, benchscale (300 cm2 size) single cells. The information obtained is expected to assist in the development of coal-gas cleanup systems, while the contaminant performance effects data will provide useful basic information for modeling fuel cell endurance in conjunction with integrated gasifier/fuel-cell systems (IGFC).

Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on the Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Download or read book Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on the Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of the present study was to determine in detail the interaction effects of 10 simultaneously present, coal-gas contaminants, both on each other and on components of the Carbonate Fuel Cell. The primary goal was to assess underlying chemistries and reaction mechanisms which may cause decay in fuel cell performance or endurance as a result of both physics-chemical and/or mechanical interactions with the cell components and internal fuel cell parts. It was found, both from theory and cell test evidence, that trace contaminant interactions may occur with: Fuel-cell Electrodes (e.g., in this study with the Ni-anode), Lithium/Potassium Carbonate Electrolyte, Nickel and SS-Hardware, and by Mechanical Obstruction of Gas Flow in the Anode Plenum.

Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on the Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells. Topical Report on Thermochemical Studies

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on the Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells. Topical Report on Thermochemical Studies by :

Download or read book Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on the Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells. Topical Report on Thermochemical Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of the present study was to determine in detail the interaction effects of 10 simultaneously present, coal-gas contaminants, both on each other and on components of the Carbonate Fuel Cell. The primary goal was to assess underlying chemistries and reaction mechanisms which may cause decay in fuel cell performance or endurance as a result of both physics-chemical and/or mechanical interactions with the cell components and internal fuel cell parts. It was found, both from theory and cell test evidence, that trace contaminant interactions may occur with: Fuel-cell Electrodes (e.g., in this study with the Ni-anode), Lithium/Potassium Carbonate Electrolyte, Nickel and SS-Hardware, and by Mechanical Obstruction of Gas Flow in the Anode Plenum.

Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on the Performance of Carbonate Fuel Cells

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Download or read book Effects of Coal-derived Trace Species on the Performance of Carbonate Fuel Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NH3 Cd, Hg, and Sn have no noticeable effects on carbonate fuel cell performance. Zn and Pb (the latter in the presence of Se) had minor effects, while the interactions of H2S, HCl, H2Se and As are more significant. Because H2S had already been extensively investigated earlier by various groups, the focus in this study was centered on the latter three elements. It appears that HCl, H2Se, and As need to be limited to sub-ppM levels in a manner similar to H2S. These findings, of course, should be considered qualitative because they were obtained in single, isothermally operated, bench-sale cells, and are applicable for individual contaminants.

Performance Effects of Coal-derived Contaminants on the Carbonate Fuel Cell

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Download or read book Performance Effects of Coal-derived Contaminants on the Carbonate Fuel Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal-derived contaminant studies have been pursued at ERC since the early 1980s̀ when the pace of carbonate fuel cell development began to markedly increase. Initial work was concerned with performance effects on laboratory and bench-scale carbonate fuel cells primarily due to sulfur compounds. Results have now also been obtained with respect to nine additional coal-gas contaminants, including volatile trace metal species. Thermochemical calculations, out-of-cell experiments, and cell performance as well as endurance testshave recently been conducted which have involved the following species: NH3, H2S [COS], HCl, AsH3[As2(v)], Zn(v), Pb(v), Cd(v), H2 Se, Hg(v), Sn(v). Employing thermochemically calculated results, thermogravimetric (TGA) and pre-, and post-test analytical data as well as fuel cell performance observations, it has been shown that there are four main mechanisms of contaminant interaction with the carbonate fuel cell. These have been formulated into performance models for six significant contaminant species, thus providing long-term endurance estimations.

Fuel Cell Handbook (Sixth Edition)

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Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428917594
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Download or read book Fuel Cell Handbook (Sixth Edition) written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology

Author : J. R. Selman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology by : J. R. Selman

Download or read book Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology written by J. R. Selman and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Energy Research Abstracts

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Investigation Into the Effects of Trace Coal Syn Gas Species on the Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes, PhD. Thesis, Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University

Download Investigation Into the Effects of Trace Coal Syn Gas Species on the Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes, PhD. Thesis, Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University PDF Online Free

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation Into the Effects of Trace Coal Syn Gas Species on the Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes, PhD. Thesis, Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University by :

Download or read book Investigation Into the Effects of Trace Coal Syn Gas Species on the Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes, PhD. Thesis, Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal is the United States' most widely used fossil fuel for the production of electric power. Coal's availability and cost dictates that it will be used for many years to come in the United States for power production. As a result of the environmental impact of burning coal for power production more efficient and environmentally benign power production processes using coal are sought. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) combined with gasification technologies represent a potential methodology to produce electric power using coal in a much more efficient and cleaner manner. It has been shown in the past that trace species contained in coal, such as sulfur, severely degrade the performance of solid oxide fuel cells rendering them useless. Coal derived syngas cleanup technologies have been developed that efficiently remove sulfur to levels that do not cause any performance losses in solid oxide fuel cells. The ability of these systems to clean other trace species contained in syngas is not known nor is the effect of these trace species on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells. This works presents the thermodynamic and diffusion transport simulations that were combined with experimental testing to evaluate the effects of the trace species on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells. The results show that some trace species contained in coal will interact with the SOFC anode. In addition to the transport and thermodynamic simulations that were completed experimental tests were completed investigating the effect of HCl and AsH3 on the performance of SOFCs.

Effects of Several Trace Contaminants on Fuel Cell Performance

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Download or read book Effects of Several Trace Contaminants on Fuel Cell Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrochemical reactivity of various trace contaminants in coal gas, i.e., Hg/HgS, PbS, CdS, Sn/SnCl/sub 2//SnCl/sub 4/, and TiO/sub 2/, in coal gas at the nickel anode and the nickel oxide cathode in a molten carbonate fuel cell have been examined thermodynamically. Calculations indicate that only SnCl/sub 4/ would undergo reduction at the cathode to SnCl/sub 2/. Other species would remain intact. Contaminants such as H/sub 2/S/SO/sub 2/ and HCl have also been included in the calculation. The results are consistent with the limited observations. Possible chemical interactions between contaminants and electrodes or electrolytes have been examined. Reactions of Sn/sup 2 +/, HgS, H/sub 2/S, and HCl with the nickel anode have negative free energies. Mercury would interact physically with the anode by forming an alloy. Reactions of Sn, SnCl/sub 2/, H/sub 2/S, and HCl with the nickel oxide cathode also have negative free energies. Reactions of Sn/sup 2 +/, HCl, H/sub 2/S, and SO/sub 2/ with carbonates have large negative free energies. Born's model of ion transfer was used to calculate the free energy change for the transfer of ions from aqueous solution to the molten carbonate solution.

Effect of Coal Contaminants on Solid Oxide Fuel System Performance and Service Life

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Download or read book Effect of Coal Contaminants on Solid Oxide Fuel System Performance and Service Life written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy's SECA program envisions the development of high-efficiency, low-emission, CO2 sequestration-ready, and fuel-flexible technology to produce electricity from fossil fuels. One such technology is the integrated gasification-solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) that produces electricity from the gas stream of a coal gasifier. SOFCs have high fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency, environmental compatibility (low NOx production), and modularity. The primary objective of the Phase I study was to determine the sensitivity of the performance of solid oxide fuel cells to trace level contaminants present in a coal-derived gas stream in the temperature range 700° to 900°C. Laboratory-scale tests were performed with 1-inch diameter solid oxide fuel cells procured from InDec B.V., Netherlands. These cells produce 0.15, 0.27, and 0.35 W/cm2 at 700°, 750°, and 800°C, respectively, in a H2 anode feed and are expected to be stable within 10% of the original performance over a period of 2000 h. A simulated coal-derived gas containing 30.0% CO, 30.6% H2 11.8% CO2, 27.6% H2O was used at a rate of ~100 standard cm3/min to determine the effect of contaminants on the electrical performance of the cells. Alumina or zirconia components were used for the gas manifold to prevent loss of contaminants by reaction with the surfaces of the gas manifold Short-term accelerated tests were conducted with several contaminants including As, P, CH3Cl, HCl, Hg, Sb, and Zn vapors. In these tests, AsH3, PH3, Cd vapor and CH3Cl identified as the potential contaminants that can affect the electrical performance of SOFCs. The effect of some of these contaminants varied with the operating temperature. Cell failure due to contact break inside the anode chamber occurred when the cell was exposed to 10 ppm arsenic vapor at 800°C. The electrical performance of SOFC samples suffered less than 1% in when exposed to contaminants such as HCl(g), Hg(g), and Zn(g), and SbO(g) at levels of 8 ppm and above. AsH3 vapor at 0.5 ppm did not affect the electrical performance of an SOFC sample even after 1000 h at 750°C. In Phase II of the program, long-term tests will be performed with multiple contaminants at a temperature range of 750° to 850°C. These tests will be at contaminant levels typical of coal-derived gas streams that have undergone gas cleanup using Selexol technology. The chemical nature of the contaminant species will be identified at the operating temperature of SOFC and compare them with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. The results of the testing will be used to recommend the sensitivity limits for SOFC operation and to assess the reduction in the service life of the SOFC for trace level contaminants.

Modeling of Coal Gasification for Fuel Cell Utilization

Author : M. L. Finson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling of Coal Gasification for Fuel Cell Utilization by : M. L. Finson

Download or read book Modeling of Coal Gasification for Fuel Cell Utilization written by M. L. Finson and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes recent progress on a DOE-supported program to construct computer models for potential future combined coal gasification/fuel cell power generation systems. The approach is to develop physically well-founded descriptions for the performance of both molten carbonate fuel cells and coal gasifiers, and to utilize the models to prepare performance maps for each device, enabling selection of the optimum interfaces between fuel cells and gasifiers. In a previous phase of the study, we identified entrained flow gasification as the most appropriate type for providing fuel cell feed gas, on the basis of off-gas composition and the ability to handle a wide range of coal types. Accordingly, a substantial portion of the current effort is concerned with the development of a computer model for entrained flow gasifiers. Furthermore, several scaling laws have been developed for fuel cell performance. Mostly based on equilibrium (open-circuit) considerations to date, these address such issues as the requirements for avoiding carbon deposition, the potential effects of methane conversion, and the distribution of heat sources and sinks within the cell.

Government Reports Announcements & Index

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 786 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effects of Several Trace Contaminants on Fuel Cell Performance. [Theoretical Study].

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (925 download)

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Download or read book Effects of Several Trace Contaminants on Fuel Cell Performance. [Theoretical Study]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrochemical reactivity of various trace contaminants in coal gas, i.e., Hg/HgS, PbS, CdS, Sn/SnCl/sub 2//SnCl/sub 4/, and TiO/sub 2/, in coal gas at the nickel anode and the nickel oxide cathode in a molten carbonate fuel cell have been examined thermodynamically. Calculations indicate that only SnCl/sub 4/ would undergo reduction at the cathode to SnCl/sub 2/. Other species would remain intact. Contaminants such as H/sub 2/S/SO/sub 2/ and HCl have also been included in the calculation. The results are consistent with the limited observations. Possible chemical interactions between contaminants and electrodes or electrolytes have been examined. Reactions of Sn/sup 2 +/, HgS, H/sub 2/S, and HCl with the nickel anode have negative free energies. Mercury would interact physically with the anode by forming an alloy. Reactions of Sn, SnCl/sub 2/, H/sub 2/S, and HCl with the nickel oxide cathode also have negative free energies. Reactions of Sn/sup 2 +/, HCl, H/sub 2/S, and SO/sub 2/ with carbonates have large negative free energies. Born's model of ion transfer was used to calculate the free energy charge for the transfer of ions from aqueous solution to the molten carbonate solution.