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Effects Of Changes In Fertilizer Use On The Composition And Productivity Of Permanent Grassland In Relation To Agricultural Production And Floristic Diversity
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Book Synopsis Effects of changes in fertilizer use on the composition and productivity of permanent grassland in relation to agricultural production and floristic diversity by : R J. Wilkins
Download or read book Effects of changes in fertilizer use on the composition and productivity of permanent grassland in relation to agricultural production and floristic diversity written by R J. Wilkins and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Grassland Nitrogen by : David Charles Whitehead
Download or read book Grassland Nitrogen written by David Charles Whitehead and published by Cabi. This book was released on 1995 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grasses: Uptake of nitogen and effects on morphology and physiology; Legumes: biological nitogen fixation and interaction with grasses; Consumption, digestion and excretion of nitrogen by ruminant livestock; Amounts, sources and fractionation of organic nitrogen in soils; Mineralization, immobilization and availability of nitrogen in soils; Leaching of nitrogen from soils; Volatization of ammonia; Volatilization of gaseous nitrogen and nitrogen oxides through denitrification and nitrification; Use of fertilizer nitrogen and slurry nitrogen on grassland: recovery and response; Response to fertilizer nitrogen: influence of sward type, pattern of fertilizer application and method of harvesting; Response to fertilizer nitrogen: influence of weather, seasonal factors and soil type; Response to fertilizer nitrogen: influence of type of fertilizer and supplies of other nutrients; Influence of fertilizer nitrogen on the composition and nutritional quality of grassland herbage; Nitrogen balances in contrasting grassland systems.
Book Synopsis Ecological Aspects of Grassland Management by : European Grassland Federation. General Meeting
Download or read book Ecological Aspects of Grassland Management written by European Grassland Federation. General Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Grassland Responses to Global Change by : Evan Elliot Batzer
Download or read book Grassland Responses to Global Change written by Evan Elliot Batzer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent history of the Earth's biosphere -- the Anthropocene -- is characterized by human activity. Increasingly, industrialization, land use change, fossil fuel combustion, and other drivers have altered key biological processes that govern the composition and function of natural communities. Among the two most impactful stressors are increased concentrations of limiting soil nutrients and shifting patterns of temperature and precipitation through climate change. Grasslands, like many plant ecosystems, are highly sensitive to these changes. Their widespread distribution and importance to both conservation and human enterprise underscores the need to understand how these global changes operate in grassland systems. However, climate change and nutrient deposition are known to produce complex effects on plant community structure; to effectively predict vegetation change, studies must integrate across multiple stressors, mechanisms, and scales of interest. This dissertation contributes to a deeper understanding of these complexities through a synthesis of large-scale experimentation and novel statistical methodology. Chapter 1 uses data from a global experimental cooperative -- the Nutrient Network -- to test contrasting hypotheses about compositional change driven by soil nutrient enrichment. While traditional perspectives on resource competition suggest that nutrient enrichment controls plant species abundances through increasing limitation by light, experimental evidence indicates that other mechanisms related to trade-offs in the use of specific soil resources may also be an important driver. Across 49 experimental sites, there was strong support for a "neutral" model, where plants respond similarly to the increased availability of soil nitrogen, phosphorous, or potassium. However, I also find that responses to treatments were more varied in sites characterized by higher average productivity and pre-treatment light limitation. Together, these findings indicate that grassland responses to fertilization tend to be driven by a trade-off between belowground and aboveground resource use, yet the predictability of these effects will depend on the inherent productivity and community structure of a given site. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on California grasslands. Chapter 2 explores the effects of nitrogen enrichment on plant community diversity at multiple scales of organization, highlighting how shifts in community structure and distribution shape observed diversity loss at different sampling areas. Most nutrient addition studies have utilized small-scale plots (1m2), though it has been shown that the area sampled can have significant impacts on the direction or magnitude of observed results. While a few studies have demonstrated scale-dependence in effects on species richness, I expand upon these findings by relating effects across scales to impacts on total community richness, community evenness, and spatial organization of vegetation. I find that nitrogen enrichment rarely produces large-scale species extirpation, but effects on evenness are nearly constant across sampling areas. While large-scale coexistence processes may facilitate species persistence at large spatial extents, fertilization also prompts increases in individual spatial aggregation, which may produce species extirpation in the long term. In Chapter 3, I evaluate changes in California grassland community composition in response to interannual variation in temperature and precipitation. In Mediterranean systems, the quantity and timing of rainfall is hypothesized to control turnover between distinct species groups. A key challenge to the evaluation of these species-climate relationships, however, is historical contingency in vegetation composition - non-independence between species abundances in a given year and the year previous, caused by local seed pools, plant-soil feedbacks, and other priority effects. To quantify how climate and prior community composition interact, I employ a novel application of multi-state modeling to a long-term dataset. This approach expands on traditional methods, which qualitatively describe variation among a priori species groups, to directly quantify the number of discrete vegetation states within a system and the probability of transition between them. When applied to ten years of community observation across a range of climatic conditions, this method produced a revised partitioning of vegetation states: one "classic" species group was split into two separate states based on performance under extreme drought. In turn, climate patterns interacted with the emergent properties of each vegetation state to control which community types were most likely to dominate. Invasive species, for example, were unlikely to persist under drought; yet low precipitation only tended to favor vegetation transitions to a native dominated state when these species were previously seeded. It is increasingly understood that integration across interacting sets of processes is needed to effectively understand the effects of global change on the diversity and composition of plant communities. Together, these three chapters highlight how local environmental characteristics, the scale of observation, and prior vegetation type combine to structure grassland responses to environmental changes. In doing so, my work contributes to a more complete understanding of ecological dynamics that is needed to better conserve and manage ecosystems in a rapidly changing world.
Book Synopsis Grasses and Grassland by : Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
Download or read book Grasses and Grassland written by Muhammad Aamir Iqbal and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-09-28 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grasslands are of vital significance globally by covering more than one-quarter of the earth’s surface. They are known by a variety of names, such as prairies, pampas, steppes, savannas, and so on, and provide feed to animals as well as serve as biodiversity reserves and catchment areas. Under the changing climate scenario, they can potentially serve as carbon sinks, which might alleviate the adverse effects of greenhouse gas emissions. This book provides fundamental knowledge of underutilized grasses of economic significance as well as discusses advancements in grasslands management for boosting their bio-productivity. There is a particular focus on state-of-the-art strategies for the restoration and conservation of grasslands in the era of changing climate.
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Competition and Succession in Pastures by : P. G. Tow
Download or read book Competition and Succession in Pastures written by P. G. Tow and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000-12-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how competition between plant species, and succession in plant ecosystems, operate in grasslands and grazed pastures, both natural and sown. It discusses how competition both affects botanical structure, productivity and persistence of pastures and is itself regulated by biological, environmental and management factors, such as grazing animals. The book also examines the ways in which competition and succession are analysed, evaluated and measured, and brings to the agricultural arena the considerable progress made in understanding the principles of competition from theoretical and experimental ecology.
Book Synopsis Effects of Agricultural Management and Manipulated Plant Species Composition of Permanent Grassland on Productivity and Sward Structure by : Ute Petersen
Download or read book Effects of Agricultural Management and Manipulated Plant Species Composition of Permanent Grassland on Productivity and Sward Structure written by Ute Petersen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting the Productivity of Permanent Grassland by : T. J. Forbes
Download or read book Factors Affecting the Productivity of Permanent Grassland written by T. J. Forbes and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrating Efficient Grassland Farming and Biodiversity by : European Grassland Federation. International Symposium
Download or read book Integrating Efficient Grassland Farming and Biodiversity written by European Grassland Federation. International Symposium and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function by : Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Download or read book Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function written by Ernst-Detlef Schulze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biota of the earth is being altered at an unprecedented rate. We are witnessing wholesale exchanges of organisms among geographic areas that were once totally biologically isolated. We are seeing massive changes in landscape use that are creating even more abundant succes sional patches, reductions in population sizes, and in the worst cases, losses of species. There are many reasons for concern about these trends. One is that we unfortunately do not know in detail the conse quences of these massive alterations in terms of how the biosphere as a whole operates or even, for that matter, the functioning of localized ecosystems. We do know that the biosphere interacts strongly with the atmospheric composition, contributing to potential climate change. We also know that changes in vegetative cover greatly influence the hydrology and biochemistry ofa site or region. Our knowledge is weak in important details, however. How are the many services that ecosystems provide to humanity altered by modifications of ecosystem composition? Stated in another way, what is the role of individual species in ecosystem function? We are observing the selective as well as wholesale alteration in the composition of ecosystems. Do these alterations matter in respect to how ecosystems operate and provide services? This book represents the initial probing of this central ques tion. It will be followed by other volumes in this series examining in depth the functional role of biodiversity in various ecosystems of the world.
Book Synopsis Soil, Grassland, Animal Relationships by : European Grassland Federation. General Meeting 1990
Download or read book Soil, Grassland, Animal Relationships written by European Grassland Federation. General Meeting 1990 and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plant Sciences Reviews 2011 by : David Hemming
Download or read book Plant Sciences Reviews 2011 written by David Hemming and published by CABI. This book was released on 2012 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Sciences Reviews 2011 provides scientists and students in the field with timely analysis on key topics in current research. Originally published online in CAB Reviews, this volume makes available in printed form the reviews in plant sciences published during 2011.
Book Synopsis Agroecosystem Diversity by : Gilles Lemaire
Download or read book Agroecosystem Diversity written by Gilles Lemaire and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agro-Ecosystem Diversity: Impact on Food Security and Environmental Quality presents cutting-edge exploration of developing novel farming systems and introduces landscape ecology to agronomy. It encompasses the broad range of links between agricultural development and ecological impact and how to limit the potential negative results. Presented in seven sections, each focusing on a specific challenge to sustaining diversity, the book provides insights toward the argument that by re-introducing diversity, it should be possible to maintain a high level of productivity of agro-ecosystems while also maintaining and/or restoring a satisfactory level of environment quality and biodiversity. Demonstrates that diversified agro-ecosystems can be intensified with environmental quality preserved, restored and enhanced Includes analysis of economic constraints leading to specialization of farms and regions and the social locking forces resisting to diversification of agro-ecosystems Presents a global vision of world agriculture and the tradeoff between a necessary increase in food production and restoring environment quality
Book Synopsis The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland by : A. J. E. Smith
Download or read book The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland written by A. J. E. Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-23 with total page 1030 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes and illustrates in detail the 760 species of mosses currently known to occur in the British Isles and incorporates the most up-to-date information available on classification and nomenclature, together with recent synonyms. The species descriptions provide information on frequency, ecology, geographical relationships and distribution, including information on protected species and those species at risk. For many species there are footnotes to aid identification. In addition to the species descriptions there are descriptions of families and genera and also introductory information on conservation, collection, preservation and examination of material, together with advice on using the keys. An artificial key to genera provides the only workable comprehensive key published in the English language. This second edition incorporates the very considerable advances in our knowledge of mosses made in the last quarter of the twentieth century and will provide a unique resource for all concerned with these fascinating organisms.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the International Grassland Conference by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Grassland Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soil Ecology and Ecosystem Services by : Diana H. Wall
Download or read book Soil Ecology and Ecosystem Services written by Diana H. Wall and published by . This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multi-contributor, international volume synthesizes contributions from the world's leading soil scientists and ecologists, describing cutting-edge research that provides a basis for the maintenance of soil health and sustainability. The book covers these advances from a unique perspective of examining the ecosystem services produced by soil biota across different scales - from biotic interactions at microscales to communities functioning at regional and global scales. The book leads the user towards an understanding of how the sustainability of soils, biodiversity, and ecosystem services can be maintained and how humans, other animals, and ecosystems are dependent on living soils and ecosystem services. This is a valuable reference book for academic libraries and professional ecologists worldwide as a statement of progress in the broad field of soil ecology. It will also be of interest to both upper level undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in soil ecology, as well as academic researchers and professionals in the field requiring an authoritative, balanced, and up-to-date overview of this fast expanding topic.