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Effect Of Pretreatment On The Ultrastructure Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches
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Book Synopsis Effect of Pretreatment on the Ultrastructure of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by : Darnoko K. Pamin
Download or read book Effect of Pretreatment on the Ultrastructure of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches written by Darnoko K. Pamin and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major problem in the bioconversion of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) for fermentable sugar production is the presence of non-cellulose materials which should be removed before enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the high silica content of EFB also inhibits the enzymatic hydrolysis. In this experiment EFB were pretreated with acid and alkali at various concentrations to remove lignin, hemicellulose and silica. The results from ultrastructural analysis using scanning electronmicroscope showed that pretreatment with alkali was much better than acid pretreatment. Alkali pretreatment caused much changes on the ultrastructure of EFB by leaching the lignin and silica substantially and leaving the biomass much easier to be penetrated by agents of hydrolysis. [Authors' abstract].
Book Synopsis Ultra Structural Analysis of Empty Fruit Bunches of Oilpalm for the Optimisation of Bioconversion by : Darnoko
Download or read book Ultra Structural Analysis of Empty Fruit Bunches of Oilpalm for the Optimisation of Bioconversion written by Darnoko and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultra structural analysis of empty fruit bunches of oil palm was carried out to study the effectiveness of pretreatment by acid and base in producing fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic material. The results of experiments show that NaOH treatment was more effective in eliminating non-cellulosic materials than that of H2SO4. [Authors' abstract].
Book Synopsis Effect of different acid and alkali concerntration on oil palm empty fruit bunch pretreatment for bioethanol production by : Balamurugan Ganesan
Download or read book Effect of different acid and alkali concerntration on oil palm empty fruit bunch pretreatment for bioethanol production written by Balamurugan Ganesan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Empty Fruit Bunches Application on Oil Palm Root Distribution, Proliferation and Nutrient Uptake by : Voon Kheong Liew
Download or read book Effects of Empty Fruit Bunches Application on Oil Palm Root Distribution, Proliferation and Nutrient Uptake written by Voon Kheong Liew and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Densified Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Towards the Torrefaction Process by : Zee Yee Pang
Download or read book Effect of Densified Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Towards the Torrefaction Process written by Zee Yee Pang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pretreatment of Palm Oil Waste Via Torrefaction Process by : Hazrina Abdul Halim
Download or read book Pretreatment of Palm Oil Waste Via Torrefaction Process written by Hazrina Abdul Halim and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, the demand of energy increase as the population of the world keep increasing from years to another years. However the energy sources is not sufficient to survive with the demands. Malaysia is experiencing drastic growth in population and economy and requires exploring alternative energy sources to cope its population and commercial energy demand. Biomass as the fourth largest energy resource in the world is abundant in the country. Malaysia is one of the largest producer of palm oil industries have generated huge amount of biomass from palm oil. There are many types of biomass residue generated by the palm oil industry which includes fronds, trunks, empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm mesocarp fiber (PMF), and palm kernel shell (PKS). In general, oil forms about 10% of the whole oil palm trees while the other 90% remains as biomass. All those biomass are either utilized or discarded at the plantation or palm oil mills. In this study, three types of biomass were treated by using torrefaction process. Torrefaction process is strongly depended on thermal decomposition behaviour and composition of lignocellulosic constituents. Based on the torrefaction process, the moisture contents decreases of as temperature increases. The mass yield of EFB, PKS and PMF decreases as the temperature increase. For EFB, increasing of the temperature resulted in higher heating value. However, the heating value of PMF and PKS show the highest value at temperature 270°C. Palm mesocarp fiber and palm kernel shell exhibit excellent energy yield values which are higher than 90%. Empty fruit bunch, on the other hand, exhibited a rather poor energy yield of 70%.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Beating on Fibre Morphology and Drainage Time of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Soda Pulp by : Rushdan Ibrahim
Download or read book The Effect of Beating on Fibre Morphology and Drainage Time of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Soda Pulp written by Rushdan Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Pyrolyzed Oil from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch on Binder Properties by : Muhammad Hatta Che Mohamad Zoidin
Download or read book Effects of Pyrolyzed Oil from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch on Binder Properties written by Muhammad Hatta Che Mohamad Zoidin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physical Changes of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and EFB Mat During Decomposition by : Khairun Nisa Kamarudin
Download or read book Physical Changes of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and EFB Mat During Decomposition written by Khairun Nisa Kamarudin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Different Treatments of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) on Residual Oil Content and Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) Performance by : Norul Izani Mohd Allwi
Download or read book Effects of Different Treatments of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) on Residual Oil Content and Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) Performance written by Norul Izani Mohd Allwi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pretreatment of Biomass by : Ashok Pandey
Download or read book Pretreatment of Biomass written by Ashok Pandey and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pretreatment of Biomass provides general information, basic data, and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources—biomass for their pretreatment—which is one of the most essential and critical aspects of biomass-based processes development. The quest to make the environment greener, less polluted, and less hazardous has led to the concept of biorefineries for developing bio-based processes and products using biomass as a feedstock. Each kind of biomass requires some kind of pretreatment to make it suitable for bioprocess. This book provides state-of-art information on the methods currently available for this. This book provides data-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment of lignocellulosic and algal biomass for further processing. Pretreatment of biomass is considered one of the most expensive steps in the overall processing in a biomass-to-biofuel program. With the strong advancement in developing lignocellulose biomass- and algal biomass-based biorefineries, global focus has been on developing pretreatment methods and technologies that are technically and economically feasible. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in methods used for the pretreatment of biomass. An entire section is devoted to the methods and technologies of algal biomass due to the increasing global attention of its use. - Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatament processes and technologies for biomass - Covers information on lignocellulosic and algal biomass to work on the principles of biorefinery - Useful for researchers intending to study scale-up - Provides information on integration of processes and technologies for the pretreatment of biomass
Book Synopsis The Effect of Chemical Compositions and Beating Time on the Production of Cellulosic Packaging Materials (PULP) Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by : Nor Adiella Mohd Kamarudin
Download or read book The Effect of Chemical Compositions and Beating Time on the Production of Cellulosic Packaging Materials (PULP) Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) written by Nor Adiella Mohd Kamarudin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In palm oil mill processing, the waste product from palm oil mill was identified consists of oil palm trunks (OPT), oil palm fronds (OPD), empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm pressed fibers (PPF) and palm kernel shells. Follow Prasertsan, during palm oil processing, more than 70% by weight of fresh fruit bunches were left over as a waste. Analysts estimate that processing of palm oil mill yield 17 million tones of empty fruit bunches per year. Researcher believed that empty fruit bunches has potential as packaging product since its content high cellulose. Due to high user of non-degradable packaging, government put the full effort to find the alternative ways to reduce the use of non-degradable packaging. Empty fruit bunches was see as an alternative to make degradable packaging product. In order to make packaging product from empty fruit bunch, soda antraquinone (soda AQ) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used as chemical pulping because this chemical pulping will produce the better properties of pulp to make the packaging product. Sample of pulp was made at different soda composition and at different time of beating process in order to get optimum condition of properties of packaging product. After the best sample was selected, the standard physical testing was carried out. The study shows that beating effect and different composition of soda produces pulp at different fiber morphology, strength and packaging properties.
Book Synopsis Steam Explosion of Oil Palm Residues for the Production of Durable Pellets by :
Download or read book Steam Explosion of Oil Palm Residues for the Production of Durable Pellets written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here we investigated the effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the physical and mechanical properties of the pellets made from empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) and we compared to that of softwood Douglas fir (DF). We found that the high heating value of the empty fruit bunch was increased by 21% after steam explosion pretreatment. The pellet density of EFB and Douglas fir pellets did not change while the pellet density of PKS increased from 1.13 to 1.21 g/cm3 after steam explosion. That may be attributed to the rapid volatilization of high mass fraction extractives during high pressure steaming and lead to the shrinkage of micropores of the PKS fibers. The maximum brealdng strength of steam exploded EFB and PKS were increased by 63% and 45%, respectively. The required compaction energy for the steam exploded EFB pellet is 44.50 J/g while that of the untreated EFB pellet is 30.15 J/g. Similar to Douglas fir, the required extrusion energy for the steam exploded EFB pellet was about 6 times than that of the untreated EFB pellet. The increased extrusion energy is mainly contributed by the increase in mono-saccharides by auto-hydrolysis during steam explosion pretreatment.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Compounding Techniques on the Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-polypropylene (EFB-PP) Composi by : Rozman Bin Hj. Din
Download or read book The Effect of Compounding Techniques on the Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-polypropylene (EFB-PP) Composi written by Rozman Bin Hj. Din and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of 10 Year Application Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch on the Chemical Characteristics of a Highly Wethered Soil by : Kulaseharan Sinniah
Download or read book Effects of 10 Year Application Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch on the Chemical Characteristics of a Highly Wethered Soil written by Kulaseharan Sinniah and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical Pretreatment of Empty Palm Fruit Bunch for Biofuel Production by : Ting Keong Tee
Download or read book Chemical Pretreatment of Empty Palm Fruit Bunch for Biofuel Production written by Ting Keong Tee and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Selected Adhesives on the Properties of Acetylated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (efb) Particleboard by : Mohd. Hanafi Idris
Download or read book The Effect of Selected Adhesives on the Properties of Acetylated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (efb) Particleboard written by Mohd. Hanafi Idris and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
