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Effect Of Intermediate Diaphragms To Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders In Over Height Truck Impacts
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Book Synopsis Effect of Intermediate Diaphragms to Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders in Over-height Truck Impacts by : Pizhong Qiao
Download or read book Effect of Intermediate Diaphragms to Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders in Over-height Truck Impacts written by Pizhong Qiao and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Steel Diaphragms in Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges by : Robert Emil Abendroth
Download or read book Steel Diaphragms in Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges written by Robert Emil Abendroth and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lateral Load Resistance of Diaphragms in Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges by : R. E. Abendroth
Download or read book Lateral Load Resistance of Diaphragms in Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges written by R. E. Abendroth and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year several prestressed concrete girder bridges in Iowa and other states are struck and damaged by vehicles with loads too high to pass under the bridge. Whether or not intermediate diaphragms play a significant role in reducing the effect of these unusual loading conditions has often been a topic of discussion. A study of the effects of the type and location of intermediate diaphragms in prestressed concrete girder bridges when the bridge girder flanges were subjected to various levels of vertical and horizontal loading was undertaken. The purpose of the research was to determine whether steel diaphragms of any conventional configuration can provide adequate protection to minimize the damage to prestressed concrete girders caused by lateral loads, similar to the protection provided by the reinforced concrete intermediate diaphragms presently being used by the Iowa Department of Transportation. The research program conducted and described in this report included the following: A comprehensive literature search and survey questionnaire were undertaken to define the state-of-the-art in the use of intermediate diaphragms in prestressed concrete girder bridges. A full scale, simple span, restressed concrete girder bridge model, containing three beams was constructed and tested with several types of intermediate diaphragms located at the one-third points of the span or at the mid-span. Analytical studies involving a three-dimensional finite element analysis model were used to provide additional information on the behavior of the experimental bridge. The performance of the bridge with no intermediate diaphragms was quite different than that with intermediate diaphragms in place. All intermediate diaphragms tested had some effect in distributing the loads to the slab and other girders, although some diaphragm types performed better than others. The research conducted has indicated that the replacement of the reinforced concrete intermediate diaphragms currently being used in Iowa with structural steel diaphragms may be possible.
Book Synopsis Lateral Impact Response for Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges with Intermediate Diaphragms by : Bassem Onsi Andrawes
Download or read book Lateral Impact Response for Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges with Intermediate Diaphragms written by Bassem Onsi Andrawes and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each model was analyzed with either one RC or two different types of steel intermediate diaphragms. The bridge models were analyzed for a lateral impact load applied at different locations along the bottom flange of an exterior girder. A comparison was made between the induced strains and displacements in the girders for each diaphragm case. This study revealed that intermediate diaphragms have an effect on reducing girder damage in PC girder bridges. When a lateral impact load was applied at a diaphragm location, the RC diaphragm provided more damage protection for the girders than that provided by either of the two selected steel diaphragms. The three types of diaphragms studied essentially provided the same degree of damage protection when a lateral impact load was applied away from a diaphragm location.
Book Synopsis Effects of Diaphragms in Bridges with Prestressed Concrete I-section Girders by : S. Sithichaikasem
Download or read book Effects of Diaphragms in Bridges with Prestressed Concrete I-section Girders written by S. Sithichaikasem and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing the Needs for Intermediate Diaphragms in Prestressed Concrete Bridges by :
Download or read book Assessing the Needs for Intermediate Diaphragms in Prestressed Concrete Bridges written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete Intermediate Diaphragms (IDs) are currently being used in prestressed concrete (PC) girder bridges in Louisiana. Some of the advantages of providing IDs are disputed in the bridge community because the use of IDs increases the cost and time of construction. There is no consistency in the practice of providing IDs among various states and codes of practice, and the overall effectiveness of IDs, as well as the need for them in prestressed concrete bridges, is unclear. The objectives of this research were (1) to assess the need of reinforced concrete (RC) IDs in PC girder bridges and to determine their effectiveness, and (2) to search for a possible alternative steel diaphragm configuration that could replace concrete diaphragms if necessary. The research team has examined and reviewed state-of-the-art technology and current practices from many sources of information on IDs. Through a survey questionnaire and review of the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD) Bridge Design Manual, the research team obtained relevant information regarding the ID practices in Louisiana. Through the LADOTD data base for all state bridges, and from direct interaction with district engineers, several of the bridges that are of interest for this study were selected for field inspection. From these field trips to various bridge locations, much information has been acquired from the bridges themselves, as well as from the district engineers. Systematic parametric studies for various bridge configurations, which are representative of an entire range of bridge geometries with different parameters, were analyzed through simplified and solid finite element models. This study was performed on right and skewed bridges, which are simply supported and continuous. A reduction factor that could be multiplied by the AASHTO load distribution factor to account for the influence of the diaphragm in load distribution was developed. A finite element analysis was carried out using 3-D solid models to assess the effectiveness of various diaphragms in protecting the girders against the lateral impact and to determine the design forces in the steel bracing members during construction of deck. The results from the parametric studies indicated that several parameters such as skew, span length, spacing, stiffness of diaphragm and girder have different levels of influence on the effectiveness of diaphragms in live load distribution for bridges. Correction factors that could quantify the ID influence on load distribution were developed. Results from various studies indicated that a steel diaphragm section can possibly replace the RC diaphragms. A prestressed concrete bridge was tested in the field. This bridge was selected by an inspection team comprised of personnel from FHWA, LADOTD, and the LSU research team and is located over Cypress Bayou on LA 408 East, in District 61. A comprehensive instrumentation and loading scheme is presented and illustrated in this report. The instrumentation consists of LVDTs - Linear Variable Differential Transformers (to measure the midspan deflection of each girder), accelerometers, strain gauges, and acoustic emission sensors. The measured results are presented, and comparisons are made between the finite element model and the field tests.
Book Synopsis Barrier, Joint, and Diaphragm Effects on Force Distribution in Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges by : Jonathan Darren Chipperfield
Download or read book Barrier, Joint, and Diaphragm Effects on Force Distribution in Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges written by Jonathan Darren Chipperfield and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research was to create two finite element models (FEM) using ANSYS 11.0 and calibrate them to the measured test results. After the calibrated models were validated a parametric study was performed comparing the effects of secondary elements on live load distribution. Included in this parametric study are the effects of the barrier, the barrier joint, and the diaphragms, on the girders, both interior and exterior. The results of this project show the effects of secondary elements and whether they are localized or global on the longitudinal span of the bridge, as well as tell how the live load is being distributed. Also, for load testing, recommendations on placement of strain gages will be discussed.
Book Synopsis Repair of Impact-Damaged Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Materials by :
Download or read book Repair of Impact-Damaged Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over-height vehicles impacting prestressed concrete (PS) and reinforced concrete (RC) bridge girders is a frequent problem experienced by the majority of transportation departments all over the world. The most common practice used to restore a damaged bridge is to cut out the damaged girder and replace it with a new one. More recently, alternative methods have been examined to help decrease the costs of replacing damaged girders and minimizing closure time. The research reported in this thesis considered three scenarios to examine the effectiveness of using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) to restore impact-damaged PS girders to their original capacity. The first scenario investigated the effectiveness of CFRP sheets to repair a 54 ft (16.4 m) long girder with one ruptured prestressing strand caused by an over-height vehicle impact. The second scenario investigated the effectiveness of CFRP sheets to repair two 54 ft (16.4 m) long girders with various numbers of prestressing strands ruptured artificially at midspan. The final scenario examined the effectiveness of CFRP sheets to repair a shear-critical specimen with four prestressing strands artificially ruptured near the support. The design of all CFRP repair systems was conducted using a cracked section analysis and/or guidelines for shear capacity of prestressed members. The predictions according to the two approaches compared well with the measure values. The designs were compared to current codes and a recently developed debonding model. All of the repaired girders were able to reach and surpass their respective undamaged capacities. All of the flexural tests failed due to crushing of concrete and exhibited ductility even higher than the predicted value for the undamaged specimens.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Diaphragms in Prestressed Concrete Girder and Slab Bridges by : S. Sengupta
Download or read book The Effect of Diaphragms in Prestressed Concrete Girder and Slab Bridges written by S. Sengupta and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Repair of Impact-damaged Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girder Using Glass FRP Rebar by : Maria Angeles De La Flor Montero
Download or read book Repair of Impact-damaged Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girder Using Glass FRP Rebar written by Maria Angeles De La Flor Montero and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overpass girders are risked by the impact of the traffic, over height vehicle, travelling under the structure, creating a hazard for the drivers over and under the bridge. When a bridge girder is damaged the repair solution adopted has to meet the following criteria: - Safety. The repaired structure has to provide a minimum level of service to guarantee the safety of the traffic during the life of the structure. - Repair time: The repair time has to be minimized to limit risks and inconveniences for the traffic. - Economy. The adopted solution has not only to fulfill the previous requirements, but also has to be the most economical. Nowadays a lot of construction projects have to confront this kind of issue. The Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) Express construction project had to solve this problem. The LBJ project is located on I-635 and I-35 in North Dallas, Texas. The bridge number 54 of the LBJ project was hit by a truck, causing severe damage on one of its girders. The incident caused loss of concrete and exposed several strands. The solution adopted for the engineers was install fiber glass rebar and fill with repair mortar. This study models the damaged girder before and after the repair to analyze its structural behavior. The data obtained by this model have been compared to the data obtained by the field test. The ABAQUS software has been used to model the girder. The objectives of this study are provide a better understanding of the structural behavior and propose adequate modeling techniques of beams repaired with GFRP rebar. The proposed techniques will help to establish adequate repair procedures and to anticipate the structural behavior of damaged girders prior to the repair process
Book Synopsis Environmental Challenges in Civil Engineering by : Zbigniew Zembaty
Download or read book Environmental Challenges in Civil Engineering written by Zbigniew Zembaty and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-14 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers a selection of papers presented at the 4th International Scientific Conference “Environmental Challenges in Civil Engineering”, ECCE 2020, , Opole, Poland, held on April 20-22, 2020, in Opole, Poland. The chapters, written by an international group of experts, report on advanced finding in structural material behaviour, and novel construction technologies and procedures, with a focus on strategies to foster sustainable civil engineering. Offering a good balance of theory and practice, and covering both technical, as well as legal and organization aspects in civil engineering and architectural projects, this book offers extensive information on the state-of-the art and a timely snapshot of current challenges in planning construction projects and structural interventions in accordance with the principles of environmental protection
Book Synopsis Repair of Impact Damaged Prestressed Concrete Girders Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers by : John David Rhodes
Download or read book Repair of Impact Damaged Prestressed Concrete Girders Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers written by John David Rhodes and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year several prestressed concrete (P/C) girder bridges are damaged by overheight vehicles. Traditional P/C girder repair strategies include beam replacement, internal strand splices, external post-tensioning, and welded steel jackets. Unfortunately, these types of repairs are both labor intensive and vulnerable to future corrosion. One possible alternative to these traditional repair techniques is to repair/strengthen impact damaged P/C girders with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP). These types of materials have the advantage of large strength/weight ratios, excellent corrosion/fatigue properties, and are relatively simple to install. This report describes the experimental results from three full-sized P/C beams that were intentionally damaged to simulate vehicle impacts, repaired, and tested. Damage consisted of removing concrete from the bottom flange and severing a number of prestressing strands. The beams were strengthened/repaired by patching the bottom flange and installing multiple layers unidirectional CFRP to restore the original flexural capacity. CFRP fibers were also used in the transverse direction to help confine the patch material and to prevent premature debonding of the longitudinal sheets. Service level and ultimate load tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of CFRP strengthening system. A theoretical analysis of the strengthened/repaired beams was also completed. In addition to the full-size beams, a number of smaller specimens were also used to address durability and environmental concerns related to the use CFRP on bridge structures.
Book Synopsis Effect of Diaphragms in Skew Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges [microform] by : Gamal Abdel-Aziz Mohamed Ghoneim
Download or read book Effect of Diaphragms in Skew Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges [microform] written by Gamal Abdel-Aziz Mohamed Ghoneim and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1986 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis התפשטות ציניק-פוספאט-צמנט מתחת לכיסוי מלא בהתאם למקום השימה, והשפעתה על התאמת הגבולות by :
Download or read book התפשטות ציניק-פוספאט-צמנט מתחת לכיסוי מלא בהתאם למקום השימה, והשפעתה על התאמת הגבולות written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stability of Precast Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders Considering Imperfections and Thermal Effects by : Jonathan B. Hurff
Download or read book Stability of Precast Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders Considering Imperfections and Thermal Effects written by Jonathan B. Hurff and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spans of precast prestressed concrete bridge girders have become longer to provide more economical and safer transportation structures. As the spans have increased, so has the depth of the girders which in turn have increased the slenderness of the girders. Slenderness in a beam or girder would increase the likelihood that a stability failure would occur. Stability failures could pose a danger to construction personnel due to the sudden nature in which a stability failure would occur. Furthermore, stability failures of prestressed concrete girders during construction would cause a detrimental economic impact due to the costs associated with the failure of the girder, the ensuing construction delays, damage to construction equipment and potential closures to highways over which the bridge was being constructed.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Analytical Study of Dynamic Behavior of Bridge Superstructures Subjected to Overheight Vehicle Collisions by : Yuan Jing
Download or read book Experimental and Analytical Study of Dynamic Behavior of Bridge Superstructures Subjected to Overheight Vehicle Collisions written by Yuan Jing and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing occurrence of over-height vehicle collisions with bridges in the United States leads to concern about the damage due to lateral impact to bridge superstructures by over-height vehicles. However, this issue is not fully addressed in current bridge specifications. Previous researchers have conducted a number of small-scale tests to study the impact process. Also, finite element method (FEM) has largely been used to analyze the complicated collision mechanism. A full-scale lateral impact testing facility was designed and built on a construction site in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. An AASHTO Type-I prestressed concrete (PC) girder and a Hybrid Composite Beam (HCB) bridge were tested using this facility, which led to a realistic level of damage and mechanism analysis of bridge superstructures under lateral impact loading as described in this dissertation. The failure of the PC girder was first introduced by punching shear around the impact zone. With the penetration of the impactor, the damaged impact zone behaved as a "hinge" which moved upward due to the heavy weight of both overhangs. HCB bridge experienced no global failure but only local damages of the FRP shell around the impact zone. Impact energy was mostly absorbed through strain energy of the tension reinforcement and the low-density foam and dissipated through local damage of the FRP shell. Commercial software ABAQUS/Explicit was used to develop FE model of the PC girder and the FE results were compared with the experimental results. Parametric study was also performed to evaluate the behavior of the PC girder under different impact conditions.
Book Synopsis Evaluation and repair of impact damaged prestressed concrete bridge girders by : Robert Steven Zobel
Download or read book Evaluation and repair of impact damaged prestressed concrete bridge girders written by Robert Steven Zobel and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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