Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Effect Of Glass Composition On Waste Form Durability full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Effect Of Glass Composition On Waste Form Durability ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : A. J. G. Ellison
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (531 download)
Download or read book Effect of Glass Composition on Waste Form Durability written by A. J. G. Ellison and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Effect of Glass Composition on Waste Form Durability written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews literature concerning the relationship between the composition and durability of silicate glasses, particularly glasses proposed for immobilization of radioactive waste. Standard procedures used to perform durability tests are reviewed. It is shown that tests in which a low-surface area sample is brought into contact with a very large volume of solution provide the most accurate measure of the intrinsic durability of a glass composition, whereas high-surface area/low-solution volume tests are a better measure of the response of a glass to changes in solution chemistry induced by a buildup of glass corrosion products. The structural chemistry of silicate and borosilicate glasses is reviewed to identify those components with the strongest cation-anion bonds. A number of examples are discussed in which two or more cations engage in mutual bonding interactions that result in minima or maxima in the rheologic and thermodynamic properties of the glasses at or near particular optimal compositions. It is shown that in simple glass-forming systems such interactions generally enhance the durability of glasses. Moreover, it is shown that experimental results obtained for simple systems can be used to account for durability rankings of much more complex waste glass compositions. Models that purport to predict the rate of corrosion of glasses in short-term durability tests are evaluated using a database of short-term durability test results for a large set of glass compositions. The predictions of these models correlate with the measured durabilities of the glasses when considered in large groupings, but no model evaluated in this review provides accurate estimates of durability for individual glass compositions. Use of these models in long-term durability models is discussed. 230 refs.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309056829
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Glass as a Waste Form and Vitrification Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-03-02 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : C. R. Cooley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)
Download or read book Ceramic & glass radioactive waste forms written by C. R. Cooley and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Factors Influencing Chemical Durability of Nuclear Waste Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A short summary is given of our studies on the major factors that affect the chemical durability of nuclear waste glasses. These factors include glass composition, solution composition, SA/V (ratio of glass surface area to the volume of solution), radiation, and colloidal formation. These investigations have enabled us to gain a better understanding of the chemical durability of nuclear waste glasses and to accumulate.a data base for modeling the long-term durability of waste glass, which will be used in the risk assessment of nuclear waste disposal. This knowledge gained also enhances our ability to formulate optimal waste glass compositions.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Chemical Durability and Related Properties of Solidified High-level Waste Forms written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 860 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Site Characterization Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Xiangdong Feng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (21 download)
Download or read book Composition Effects on Chemical Durability and Viscosity of Nuclear Waste Glasses written by Xiangdong Feng and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Chemical Composition on the PCT Durability of Mixed Waste Glasses from Wastewater Treatment Sludges written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental program has been designed to examine the chemical durability of glass compositions derived from the vitrification of simulated wastewater treatment sludges. These sludges represent the majority of low-level mixed wastes currently in need of treatment by the US DOE. The major oxides in these model glasses included SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, CaO and Fe2O3. In addition, three minor oxides, BaO, NiO, and PbO, were added as hazardous metals. The major oxides were each varied at two levels resulting in 32 experimental glasses. The chemical durability was measured by the 7-Day Product Consistency Test (PCT). The normalized sodium release rates (NRR{sub Na}) of these glasses ranged from 0.01 to 4.99 g/m2. The molar ratio of the glass-former to glass-modifier (F/M) was found to have the greatest effect on PCT durability. Glass-formers included SiO2, Al2O3, and B2O3, while Na2O, CaO, BaO, NiO, and PbO were glass-modifiers. As this ratio increased from 0.75 to 2.0, NRR{sub Na} was found to decrease between one and two orders of magnitude. Another important effect on NRR{sub Na} was the Na2O/CaO ratio. As this ratio increased from 0.5 to 2.0, NRR{sub Na} increased up to two orders of magnitude for the glasses with the low F/M ratio but almost no effect was observed for the glasses with the high F/M ratio. Increasing the iron oxide content from 2 to 18 mole% was found to decrease NRR{sub Na} one order of magnitude for the glasses with low F/M but iron had little effect on the glasses with the high F/M ratio. The durability also increased when 10 mole percent Al2O3 was included in low iron oxide glasses but no effect was observed with the high iron glasses. The addition of B2O3 had little effect on durability. The effects of other composition parameters on durability are discussed as well.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Prediction of Radioactive Waste Glass Durability by the Hydration Thermodynamic Model written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of groundwater chemistry on glass durability were examined using the hydration thermodynamic model. The relative durabilities of SiO2, obsidians, basalts, nuclear waste glasses, medieval window glasses, and a frit glass were determined in tuffaceous groundwater, basaltic groundwater, WIPP-A brine, and Permian-A brine using the monolithic MCC-1 durability test. For all the groundwaters, the free energy of hydration, calculated from the glass composition and the final experimental pH, was linearly related to the logarithm of the measured silica concentration. The linear equation was identical to that observed previously for these glasses during MCC-1 testing in deionized water. In the groundwater-dominated MCC-1 experiments, the pH values for all the glasses tested appeared to be buffered by the groundwater-precipitate chemistry. The behavior of poorly durable glasses demonstrated that the silica release is a function of the ionic strength of the solution. The ionic strength, in turn, reflects the effect of the groundwater chemistry on the pH. Using the hydration thermodynamic model, nuclear waste glass durability in saturated repository environments can be predicted from the glass composition and the groundwater and the groundwater pH. 47 refs., 3 figs. 1 tab.
Author : Michael I. Ojovan
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781600217838
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (178 download)
Download or read book New Developments in Glassy Nuclear Wasteforms written by Michael I. Ojovan and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the authors' recent investigations, this book describes the application of glassy and polyphase composite materials for nuclear waste immobilisation. It introduces immobilisation issues beginning with a short description of nuclear waste types and compositions. Sources of nuclear waste are described including the nuclear fuel cycle, operational and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing waste streams. The glassy waste forms currently being used for high-, intermediate- and low level radioactive waste immobilisation are described. Problems related to immobilisation capacity, process efficiency and long-term radionucleide retention are highlighted. Scientific and technical problems in nuclear waste immobilisation are emphasised in particular long-term waste form stability and durability. Recent developments in advanced nuclear waste forms are described such as glass composite materials (GCM) with higher versatility and waste loading. New immobilisation approaches and technologies are described including advanced cold crucible induction melting (CCM), self sustaining thermochemical immobilisation (SSI), and in-situ self-sintering in deep underground repositories. Long-term durability tests of nuclear waste glasses are outlined and the role of ion-exchange phase in glass corrosion is described in detail.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Compositional Parameters on the TCLP and PCT Durability of Environmental Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between glass composition and the chemical durability of environmental waste glass is very important for both the development of glass formulations and the prediction of glass durability for process control. The development of such a model is extremely difficult for several reasons. Firstly, chemical durability is dependent upon the type of leach test employed; the leach tests themselves being only crude approximations of actual environmental conditions or long term behavior. Secondly, devitrification or crystallinity can also play a major role in durability, but is much more difficult to quantify. Lastly, the development of any one model for all glass types is impractical because of the wide variety of wastestreams, the heterogeneity of the wastestreams, and the large variety of components within each wastestream. Several ongoing efforts have been directed toward this goal, but as yet, no model has been proven acceptable.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Effects of Radionuclide Decay on Waste Glass Behavior written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is an extension of a chapter in an earlier report [1] that provides an updated review on the status of radiation damage problems in nuclear waste glasses. This report will focus on radiation effects on vitrified borosilicate nuclear waste glasses under conditions expected in the proposed Yucca mountain repository. Radiation effects on high-level waste glasses and their surrounding repository environment are important considerations for radionuclide immobilization because of the potential to alter the glass stability and thereby influence the radionuclide retentive properties of this waste form. The influence of radionuclide decay on vitrified nuclear waste may be manifested by several changes, including volume, stored energy, structure, microstructure, mechanical properties, and phase separation. Radiation may also affect the composition of aqueous fluids and atmospheric gases in relatively close proximity to the waste form. What is important to the radionuclide retentive properties of the repository is how these radiation effects collectively or individually influence the durability and radionuclide release from the glass in the event of liquid water contact.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Chemical Durability and Related Properties of Solidified High-level Waste Forms written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Javeed Mohammad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)
Download or read book Optimization of High-level Waste Loading in a Borosilicate Glass Matrix by Using Chemical Durability Modeling Approach written by Javeed Mohammad and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laboratory scale study was carried out on a set of 6 borosilicate waste glasses made from simulated high-level nuclear waste. The test matrix was designed to explore the composition region suitable for the long-term geologic disposal of high-temperature-and high-waste-containing glasses. The glass compositions were selected to achieve maximum waste loading without a sacrifice in glass durability. The relationship between glass composition and chemical durability was examined. The qualitative effect of increasing B2O3 content on the overall waste glass leaching behavior has also been addressed. The glass composition matrix was designed by systematically varying the factors: %waste loading and (SiO2+Frit):B2O3 ratio, with (SiO2:Frit) ratio being held constant. In order to assess the chemical durability, the Product Consistency Test (ASTM C-1285) was performed. Under PCT protocol, crushed glass was allowed to react with ASTM type I water under static conditions. All leachate solutions were analyzed by the technique; Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). A statistical regression technique was utilized to model the normalized release of the major soluble elements, Na, Si, and B, as a function of the individual as well as interactive chemical effects (B2O3, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, SiO2, SrO, Na2O, B2O3*SiO2, B2O3*Al2O3, Fe2O3*Na2O, Al2O3*Na2O, and MnO*SiO2). Geochemical modeling was performed using the computer code EQ3/6 to: (1) determine the saturation states of the possible silicate minerals, a-cristobalite and chalcedony; and (2) predict the most stable mineral phase based on the mineral thermodynamic data. Mineral/water interactions were analyzed by representing the resultant glass data on a Na-Al-Si-O-H stability diagram.
Download or read book Chemical Durability of Zinc Borosilicate Nuclear Waste Glass written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical durability is of primary concern when evaluating the safety of waste glass. For this reason, testing the leachability of waste glasses is a fundamental part of their development and characterization. The leachability is also very much a function of glass composition as previously discussed. This discussion is limited to a representative waste glass composition, a high-zinc borosilicate formulation which has been studied in detail by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. (GHT).
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (248 download)
Download or read book Specimen animadversionum in epistolam syricacam Semeonis Beth - Arsamensisde Barsauma episcopo Nisibeno deque haeresi Nestorianorum written by and published by . This book was released on 1788 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
