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Effect Of All Tillage Following Soybeans And The Presence Of Gravel Filters On Runoff Losses Of Solids Orange Matter And Phosphorus On The Field Scale
Download Effect Of All Tillage Following Soybeans And The Presence Of Gravel Filters On Runoff Losses Of Solids Orange Matter And Phosphorus On The Field Scale full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Effect Of All Tillage Following Soybeans And The Presence Of Gravel Filters On Runoff Losses Of Solids Orange Matter And Phosphorus On The Field Scale ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Effect of All Tillage Following Soybeans and the Presence of Gravel Filters on Runoff Losses of Solids, Orange Matter, and Phosphorus on the Field Scale by : Andry Zo Hervé Ranaivoson
Download or read book Effect of All Tillage Following Soybeans and the Presence of Gravel Filters on Runoff Losses of Solids, Orange Matter, and Phosphorus on the Field Scale written by Andry Zo Hervé Ranaivoson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Minimizing Phosphorus and Nitrogen Loss from Agricultural Systems with Cover Crops and Tillage in Southern Illinois by : Ashani Thilakarathne
Download or read book Minimizing Phosphorus and Nitrogen Loss from Agricultural Systems with Cover Crops and Tillage in Southern Illinois written by Ashani Thilakarathne and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production in Illinois has a significant impact on the economy and environmental footprint in the state and the Midwest region. Nutrient leaching from Midwestern agricultural fields is one of the major reasons for the hypoxic zone developed in the Gulf of Mexico. Winter-fallow and early spring (after fertilizer application) are the two most critical periods for nutrient leaching due to increased precipitation and availability of nutrients. Cover crops (CCs) in these seasons are a promising best management practice (BMP) to reduce nutrient leaching in the winter-fallow season. No-till (NT) and reduced tillage (RT) are some other BMPs that farmers in Illinois adopt to reduce erosion. The adoption of CCs is limited due to the lack of knowledge and data on the yield and environmental benefits of CCs in different climatic and soil regimes. Thereby, this doctoral dissertation addresses several critical questions about CC and tillage impacts in claypan soils of southern Illinois with four principal projects with multiple objectives. Research study 1 was a field experiment conducted from 2013-to 2021 to understand the effect of CCs (CCs vs. noCC) and two tillage (NT and RT) practices on soil nitrate-N leaching. The experimental design was a complete randomized design with CC treatments that had two levels (two crop rotations) corn-cereal rye (Secale cereale L.)-soybean-hairy vetch (Vicia villosa R.) [CcrShv] and corn-noCC-soybean-noCC [CncSnc] and tillage treatments with two levels (NT and RT) replicated three times in the field. Each plot had a pan lysimeter installed below the A horizon (22-30 cm depth) to collect water samples weekly or biweekly depending on the rainfall. The corn yield was significantly greater in RT rotations compared to NT rotations with a 36% increase in the yield in 2019 and 2021 corn rotations. The yield was significantly greater in CcrShv rotations compared to the CncSnc rotations. The greatest yield was observed in the interaction of CcrShv-RT in all years. This increase in yield is inversely correlated to the remaining soil N values when the N credit from CCs was not accounted for. Soil nitrate-N leaching was significantly greater in CcrShv rotations compared to the CncSnc rotation in 2021 indicating vetch CC biomass decomposition can lead to increased leaching losses if the window between CC termination and corn planting is not minimized. Precipitation during the early spring can play a vital role in flushing the newly applied fertilizer as well as the N released from decomposing CC residue. The excessively wet year of 2019 showed that N losses are dominated by both nitrate-N leaching and nitrous oxide emissions, but in a typical growing season N losses are dominated by leaching compared to emissions. Research study 2 was designed to better understand the N cycling and fate of applied N in a complete corn-soybean rotation in southern Illinois with CCs and tillage practices. The research was overlayed in the same field with the same crop rotation and tillage practices. In this study, 15N labeled urea fertilizer (9.2% atom) was applied before the corn and soybean seasons. Soil, water, and biomass samples were collected to understand N distribution in each pool. In the corn season in 2017 a significantly greater 15N recovery was observed in CC (CcrShv) plots compared to the noCC plots in the sample collected seven days after planting (DAP). In the CC and depth interaction, a significantly greater 15N recovery was observed in 15-30 cm depth showing that the increased macropores due to CCs can lead to subsurface movement of N through the topsoil. The 15N recovery in water samples was high in CncSnc rotations in the cereal rye season but was significantly greater in CcrShv rotations (8.95 kg ha-1) in hairy vetch seasons. In the two years of complete rotation, the cumulative 15N recovery (quantity derived from fertilizer in water) was significantly greater in CC rotation. In the corn plants, the 15N recovered from the soil was greater than the 15N recovered from fertilizer. This shows the importance of the residual N from prior fertilizer and organic matter input. In the cereal rye season, CCs recovered significantly greater 15N from fertilizer compared to noCC rotations, assuring that cereal rye is an effective nutrient scavenger. A similar pattern was observed in the hairy vetch season as well. However, the soybean 15N recovery was greater in noCC rotations compared to CC rotations. The third study was a field trial on CCs and tillage to understand their individual and combined impact on soil physical parameters. Soil physical parameters were first measured in 2014 and were repeated in 2021. Bulk density at the 0-5 cm depth was 5% lower in 2021 compared to 2014 with the lowest BD in CC rotations with RT practices. For the depth of 0-15 cm, the lowest BD was observed in CC rotation with RT but, the largest reduction was observed in the CC rotation with NT. The wet aggregate stability was improved from 15-28 % over the years in all rotations. The lowest percentage improvement was observed in noCC rotation with RT practice. Penetration resistance was significantly lower in CC plots for the depth of 0-2.5 cm. CCs further improved the time to runoff in plots even though the infiltration rates were not affected. Chemical soil health indices were not significant overtime for CCs or tillage practices. However, a large number of earthworm counts were observed in NT systems compared to RT systems. The final project was a field trial to identify the soil P response to the CC and tillage practices. For this study, three different CC rotations, [corn-cereal rye-soybean-hairy vetch / corn-cereal rye-soybean-oats+radish / corn-noCC-soybean-noCC] and two tillage practices (NT and RT) were used. Soil samples were collected after the corn harvest in 2015 and 2021 and were analyzed for soil Phosphorus (P), inorganic P fractions by Chan and Jackson method, and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in leachate. The soil Mehlich-3 and Bray-1 P values indicate a great concentration of P in 0-15 cm depth for both years. More refined sampling in 2021 showed that the majority of P in 0-15 cm depth concentrates at the near-surface soil, in 0-5 cm depth irrespective of the CC and tillage treatment. Inorganic soil P fractions were not significantly different between CCs or tillage practices over time. Yet, irrespective of the treatment the non- labile P forms increased in 2021in the soil compared to 2015. The average and cumulative DRP values were highly dependent on the precipitation amounts and timing. However, in general, NT systems had greater average and cumulative DRP leaching compared to RT in both years. In general, CCs in the winter-fallow season is a good recommendation for farms that seek to maximize their production with a minimal environmental footprint. In the long run, CCs can improve soil physical and chemical properties which ultimately can increase the yield potential for corn and soybean. The added benefit of N credit due to leguminous CCs can reduce the fertilizer inputs. The CC benefits including the reduction in nutrient leaching depend on the type of CCs used in the field. More importantly, the CC termination time will be critical to obtain the maximum benefit of CCs. Even though the NT practices improve soil physical properties, long-term NT can increase the risk of soil P stratification in near-surface soils and can ultimately lead to more P loss via erosion, runoff, and soil water leaching. However, the combined use of CC and NT practices can help minimize the potential for erosion and runoff.
Book Synopsis Effect of Tillage Systems on Runoff Losses of Pesticides by : Iowa State Water Resources Research Institute
Download or read book Effect of Tillage Systems on Runoff Losses of Pesticides written by Iowa State Water Resources Research Institute and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Incorporation of Fall-applied Fertilizer on Runoff Losses of Nutrients and Soil from Soybean Ground by : James L. Baker
Download or read book Effect of Incorporation of Fall-applied Fertilizer on Runoff Losses of Nutrients and Soil from Soybean Ground written by James L. Baker and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality by : Terry J Logan
Download or read book Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality written by Terry J Logan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays the environmental sustainability of the cropping systems is increasingly requested by the consumers. Conventional tillage practices, totally turning over the soil between the vineyard rows, may cause erosion due to rain as well as structure destruction of the soil in the long term. Conservation tillage is a soil management technique, poorly widespread in Sardinia, allowing cover cropping between vineyard rows. Furthermore, this technique makes the canopy development control of herbage possible by cutting it up during specific phenological phases. Conservation tillage usually involves direct benefits to farmers such as increasing soil fertility as well as reductionof tillage costs, soil erosion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere. This long term trial, during at least five years aims to assess the conservation tillage impact on chemical-physical soil characteristics in comparison with traditional tillage by evaluating the change of organic matter, C.E.C. and availability of major plant nutrients in the soil and to estimate their probable rise. The field plots are located in a 35% slope condition vineyard, showing massive erosion problem and organic matter low content. A split/plot design with four replications was set up, with the comparison between conservation and traditional tillage apart as main plots. Moreover, the effects of two different irrigation levels were evaluated in the subplots of each main plot. At the beginning of the trial (2011) a pedological survey was made. Three soil profiles were described and sampled along the field slope and soil sampling in each plot were made both to characterize the soil and to find the zero point. The soil chemical and physical characteristics were monitored through a second soil sampling made at the end of 2013. Conservation tillage caused increasing organic matter content and C.E.C. values. As for major plant nutrients in soil, results were more uncertain. Grapevine yield and quality parameters did not show any negative effect when passing from conventional to conservation tillage techniques. The trial provided a preliminary positive evaluation of conservation tillage. However, more years are required to confirm this trend.
Book Synopsis Tillage Effects on Runoff and Sediment Losses Under Corn-soybean Rotation by : Andry Zo Hervé Ranaivoson
Download or read book Tillage Effects on Runoff and Sediment Losses Under Corn-soybean Rotation written by Andry Zo Hervé Ranaivoson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Tillage System, Crop Residue Level, and Fertilizer Application Technique on Losses of Phosphorus and Pesticides from Agricultural Lands by :
Download or read book Effects of Tillage System, Crop Residue Level, and Fertilizer Application Technique on Losses of Phosphorus and Pesticides from Agricultural Lands written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tillage Effects on Runoff Water Quality from Sludge-amended Soils by :
Download or read book Tillage Effects on Runoff Water Quality from Sludge-amended Soils written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Tillage System on Runoff Losses of Surface-applied Pesticides by : Thomas John Sauer
Download or read book The Effect of Tillage System on Runoff Losses of Surface-applied Pesticides written by Thomas John Sauer and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Utilization of a Sprinkling Infiltrometer to Evaluate the Influence of Tillage on Phosphorus Losses from Manured Cropland by : Paul D. Robillard
Download or read book Utilization of a Sprinkling Infiltrometer to Evaluate the Influence of Tillage on Phosphorus Losses from Manured Cropland written by Paul D. Robillard and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tillage, Residue and Winter Manure Application Effects on Runoff and Nutrient Losses from Agricultural Fields by : Laxmi Raja Vara Prasad
Download or read book Tillage, Residue and Winter Manure Application Effects on Runoff and Nutrient Losses from Agricultural Fields written by Laxmi Raja Vara Prasad and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural tillage, residue and winter-manure application practices are challenged for water quality protection within the US and worldwide. This research evaluated tillage, residue and winter manure applications to better understand their impact on surface runoff and nutrient losses through field experiments and meta-analysis. Field experiments evaluated wintertime (Nov-Apr) runoff and nutrient losses on soils with chisel tillage and no-tillage receiving three manure types (liquid, solid, and un-manured controls) as a late winter application on snow-covered frozen soils. Results from the field experiments challenged general perceptions as mechanically disturbed soils (fall chisel tillage in this study) resulted in significantly less runoff and nutrient losses than no-tillage. Solid manure had higher nutrient losses than liquid manure, but applying any type of manure on snow-covered frozen soils elevated the nutrient loss risk. Meta-analysis of 1,571 site-years worth of data from 21 states of the US and four provinces of Canada showed that tillage management [with and without surface cover (>30%)] is more effective on an annual basis in reducing runoff and dissolved nutrient losses than no-tillage management [with and without surface cover (>30%)]. Nutrient stratification, poor drainage characteristics (in clay-rich soils), and surface sealing lead to higher dissolved nutrient losses in no-tillage management. Further, soil freeze-thaw (FT) cycles (a unique characteristic of cold regions) were identified as an important factor affecting runoff and nitrogen losses. The number of seasonal FT-cycles had the strongest positive correlation to wintertime runoff (r = 0.72) and then to nitrogen (NH4+ and TKN) losses (r = 0.44 to 0.47), suggesting FT-cycles could be used as a parameter in water quality models to predict wintertime runoff and nutrient losses. Overall, the study highlights tillage, residue, winter manure applications, and soil FT-dynamics will affect runoff and nutrient losses differently across different seasons (growing and non-growing) and regions [Temperate (cold) to Tropical (hot and humid)]. Therefore, for water quality protection, multiple managements combined or management practices that can adapt to different seasons of a region need to be implemented.
Book Synopsis Effects of Hydroclimatic Drivers and Tillage Practices on Runoff Generation and Phosphorus Losses Through Drainage Tiles from Agricultural Fields with Sandy Loam Soils by : Wai-To Vito Vital Lam
Download or read book Effects of Hydroclimatic Drivers and Tillage Practices on Runoff Generation and Phosphorus Losses Through Drainage Tiles from Agricultural Fields with Sandy Loam Soils written by Wai-To Vito Vital Lam and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effluent from agricultural tile drains has been identified a source of phosphorus (P) to water bodies, contributing to algal blooms and water quality degradation. Reduced till (RT) or no-till are Best Management Practices (BMP) often used to limit the export of particulate P (PP) in runoff. However, existing research has shown that no-till may increase losses of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in tile drains. Much of the existing knowledge has been generated in clay soil, where preferential transport between the surface and tile drains prevails. Moreover, much of the previous work done has been done during the growing season. It is unclear if, and how P losses under RT tillage practices compare to those under annual tillage (AT) in the sandy loam soils of southern Ontario, and, how these BMPs perform year-round in climates where snowmelt accounts for significant amount of annual runoff. The objectives of this research are to quantify year-round losses of runoff, DRP and total phosphorus (TP) from tile drains beneath RT and AT plots and to demonstrate the role of seasonality on losses. This research also relates biogeochemical and hydrological responses in drainage tiles to precipitation inputs and antecedent soil moisture conditions as drivers of effluent and P-export.This study emphasizes the importance of the non-growing season and snowmelt in annual P losses from tile drains, illustrating that BMPs must be effective during the winter months to reduce P losses. The cumulative BMPs used at the study site appear to be fairly effective at minimizing P losses in tile drain effluent under both RT and AT plots. This study also provides useful insight for modeling runoff and P losses in tile drainage.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Conservation Tillage Practices on the Losses of Phosphorus and Herbicides in Surface and Subsurface Drainage Waters by :
Download or read book The Effect of Conservation Tillage Practices on the Losses of Phosphorus and Herbicides in Surface and Subsurface Drainage Waters written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports results of studies of conservation tillage effects on the environment in south-western Ontario. Part A summarizes a three-year study conducted to identify sediment & phosphorus transport from a poorly drained clay loam soil cropped to corn under three tillage practices: conventional, no-till, and ridge tillage. Water quality & corn yields were measured for all plots and compared; rainfall was measured and surface & subsurface runoff was quantified for each rainfall event. Water samples were taken & analyzed for sediment & orthophosphate. Part B summarizes a three-year study conducted on a similar soil to investigate the effects of the same three tillage systems on surface & subsurface transport of atrazine and metolachlor applied pre-emergence to corn. Each runoff-producing event was monitored to calculate the proportion of rainfall that left as runoff (which was collected to determine herbicide concentration).
Book Synopsis The Effect of Conservation Tillage Practices on the Losses of Phosphorus and Herbicides in Surface and Subsurface Drainage Waters: by :
Download or read book The Effect of Conservation Tillage Practices on the Losses of Phosphorus and Herbicides in Surface and Subsurface Drainage Waters: written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the appendix to a report that describes a study initiated to compare soil erosion, nutrient losses, and herbicide losses from three tillage practices in Essex County, south-west Ontario. The tillage practices were conventional tillage, ridge tillage, and no tillage. Samples from surface runoff and drain discharge were analyzed for suspended sediment, nutrients, and herbicides. The appendix consists of tables of data on the samples taken & analyzed, event volumes, sediment & phosphate losses, and losses of atrazine, its dealkylated analogue des-ethyl atrazine, and metolachlor, for each tillage practice.
Book Synopsis Small-scale Aquaponic Food Production by : Christopher Somerville
Download or read book Small-scale Aquaponic Food Production written by Christopher Somerville and published by Fao. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This technical paper begins by introducing the concept of aquaponics, including a brief history of its development and its place within the larger category of soil-less culture and modern agriculture. It discusses the main theoretical concepts of aquaponics, including the nitrogen cycle and the nitrification process, the role of bacteria, and the concept of balancing an aquaponic unit. It then moves on to cover important considerations of water quality parameters, water testing, and water sourcing for aquaponics, as well as methods and theories of unit design, including the three main methods of aquaponic systems: media beds, nutrient film technique, and deep water culture. The publication discusses in detail the three groups of living organisms (bacteria, plants and fish) that make up the aquaponic ecosystem. It also presents management strategies and troubleshooting practices, as well as related topics, specifically highlighting local and sustainable sources of aquaponic inputs. The publication also includes nine appendixes that present other key topics: ideal conditions for common plants grown in aquaponics; chemical and biological controls of common pests and diseases including a compatible planting guide; common fish diseases and related symptoms, causes and remedies; tools to calculate the ammonia produced and biofiltration media required for a certain fish stocking density and amount of fish feed added; production of homemade fish feed; guidelines and considerations for establishing aquaponic units; a cost-benefit analysis of a small-scale, media bed aquaponic unit; a comprehensive guide to building small-scale versions of each of the three aquaponic methods; and a brief summary of this publication designed as a supplemental handout for outreach, extension and education.
Download or read book Soil Quality Test Kit Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
