Economies of Destruction

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9781138088412
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (884 download)

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Book Synopsis Economies of Destruction by : David R. Fontijn

Download or read book Economies of Destruction written by David R. Fontijn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do people destroy objects and materials that are important to them? This book aims to make sense of this fascinating, yet puzzling social practice by focusing on a period in history in which such destructive behaviour reached unseen heights and complexity: the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in Europe (c. 2300-500 BC). This period is often seen as the time in which a 'familiar' Europe took shape due to the rise of a metal-based economy. But it was also during the Bronze Age that massive amounts of scarce and recyclable metal were deliberately buried in the landscape and never taken out again. This systematic deposition of metalwork sits uneasily with our prevailing perception of the Bronze Age as the first 'rational-economic' period in history - and therewith - of ourselves. Taking the patterned archaeological evidence of these seemingly un-economic metalwork depositions at face value, it is shown that the 'un-economic' giving-up of metal valuables was an integral part of what a Bronze Age 'economy' was about. Based on case studies from Bronze Age Europe, this book attempts to reconcile the seemingly conflicting political and cultural approaches that are currently used to understand this pivotal period in Europe's deep history. It seems that to achieve something in society, something else must be given up. Using theories from economic anthropology, this book argues that - paradoxically - giving up that which was valuable created value. It will be invaluable to scholars and archaeologists interested in the Bronze Age, ancient economies, and a new angle on metalwork depositions.

Seeds of Destruction

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Publisher : FT Press
ISBN 13 : 0132371316
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (323 download)

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Book Synopsis Seeds of Destruction by : Glenn Hubbard

Download or read book Seeds of Destruction written by Glenn Hubbard and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you think the current administration is mismanaging the economy straight towards disaster, you're not alone: so do two top economists from both sides of the political aisle. In Seeds of Destruction, former Bush chief White House economist R. Glenn Hubbard and well-known CNBC commentator Peter Navarro explain why current economic policy is a catastrophic failure. Then, they offer a comprehensive, bipartisan blueprint for reversing the decline of America's currency, manufacturing base, and standard of living - setting the stage for the epic policy debates that will precede the 2010 elections. Hubbard and Navarro begin with a "checklist" of what it takes to be a prosperous, democratic nation - and show why Obama's policies (some of Bush's also) fail on every level. They explain why the activist Federal Reserve and Obama fiscal stimulus policies are doing far more harm than good... why we must restore the U.S. manufacturing base, whatever China says about it... how to transform tax policy into an engine of growth and innovation... how to apply the "tough love" needed to save Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid... why America must resign the job of world policeman... how market-based solutions can finally deliver real energy independence... how to reform our antique financial regulatory system without imposing heavy-handed rules that cause even more trouble.

The Power of Creative Destruction

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Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674971167
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis The Power of Creative Destruction by : Philippe Aghion

Download or read book The Power of Creative Destruction written by Philippe Aghion and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From one of the world’s leading economists and his coauthors, a cutting-edge analysis of what drives economic growth and a blueprint for prosperity under capitalism. Crisis seems to follow crisis. Inequality is rising, growth is stagnant, the environment is suffering, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed every crack in the system. We hear more and more calls for radical change, even the overthrow of capitalism. But the answer to our problems is not revolution. The answer is to create a better capitalism by understanding and harnessing the power of creative destruction—innovation that disrupts, but that over the past two hundred years has also lifted societies to previously unimagined prosperity. To explain, Philippe Aghion, Céline Antonin, and Simon Bunel draw on cutting-edge theory and evidence to examine today’s most fundamental economic questions, including the roots of growth and inequality, competition and globalization, the determinants of health and happiness, technological revolutions, secular stagnation, middle-income traps, climate change, and how to recover from economic shocks. They show that we owe our modern standard of living to innovations enabled by free-market capitalism. But we also need state intervention with the appropriate checks and balances to simultaneously foster ongoing economic creativity, manage the social disruption that innovation leaves in its wake, and ensure that yesterday’s superstar innovators don’t pull the ladder up after them to thwart tomorrow’s. A powerful and ambitious reappraisal of the foundations of economic success and a blueprint for change, The Power of Creative Destruction shows that a fair and prosperous future is ultimately ours to make.

The Wages of Destruction

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101564954
Total Pages : 848 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wages of Destruction by : Adam Tooze

Download or read book The Wages of Destruction written by Adam Tooze and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2008-02-26 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Masterful . . . [A] painstakingly researched, astonishingly erudite study…Tooze has added his name to the roll call of top-class scholars of Nazism." —Financial Times An extraordinary mythology has grown up around the Third Reich that hovers over political and moral debate even today. Adam Tooze's controversial book challenges the conventional economic interpretations of that period to explore how Hitler's surprisingly prescient vision--ultimately hindered by Germany's limited resources and his own racial ideology--was to create a German super-state to dominate Europe and compete with what he saw as America's overwhelming power in a soon-to- be globalized world. The Wages of Destruction is a chilling work of originality and tremendous scholarship that set off debate in Germany and will fundamentally change the way in which history views the Second World War.

Meme Wars

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Publisher : Seven Stories Press
ISBN 13 : 1609804333
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Meme Wars by : Kalle Lasn

Download or read book Meme Wars written by Kalle Lasn and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the editor and magazine that started and named the Occupy Wall Street movement, Meme Wars: The Creative Destruction of Neoclassical Economics is an articulation of what could be the next steps in rethinking and remaking our world that challenges and debunks many of the assumptions of neoclassical economics and brings to light a more ecological model. Meme Wars aims to accelerate the shift into this new paradigm that takes into account psychonomics, bionomics, and other aspects of our physical and mental environment that are often left out in discussions of economics. Like Adbusters, the book will be image heavy and full-color throughout. Lasn calls it "a textbook for the future" that provides the building blocks, in texts and visuals, for a new way of looking at and changing our world. Through an examination of alternative economies, Lasn hopes to spur students to become "barefoot economists" and to see that a humanization of economics is possible. Meme Wars will include contributions from Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz, Paul Samuelson, George Akerlof, Lourdes Benería, Julie Matthaei, Manfred Max-Neef, David Orrell, Paul Gilding, Mathis Wackernagel and the father of ecological economics Herman Daly, among others. Based on ideas that were presented in a special issue of Adbusters entitled "Thought Control in Economics: Beyond the Growth Paradigm / An Activist Toolkit," Meme Wars will help move forward the Occupy Wall Street movement.

Money: How the Destruction of the Dollar Threatens the Global Economy – and What We Can Do About It

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Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071823719
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (718 download)

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Book Synopsis Money: How the Destruction of the Dollar Threatens the Global Economy – and What We Can Do About It by : Steve Forbes

Download or read book Money: How the Destruction of the Dollar Threatens the Global Economy – and What We Can Do About It written by Steve Forbes and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2014-06-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why a return to sound money is our only hope for a true recovery and a healthy global economy “Money clearly illustrates that sound money is an essential foundation for a free and prosperous society and that the Federal Reserve’s current policies are a greater threat to the economic future of the U.S. than government deficit spending. This is an important book well worth reading.” -- John A. Allison, President and CEO, Cato Institute, and author of the New York Times bestselling The Financial Crisis and the Free Market Cure “Few topics today are as misunderstood as the subject of money. Steve Forbes understands money better than most heads of state do, and in this provocative book he shares his vast knowledge and gives us sensible and time-tested recommendations for stopping future financial meltdowns.” -- Lawrence Kudlow, CNBC Senior Contributor “Economic and monetary policies can be difficult to master for even the savviest politicians. Money effectively communicates these complexities into a cohesive argument for economic recovery and preventing a new financial crisis. Steve Forbes and Elizabeth Ames deliver a gripping read and an intriguing viewpoint on how to get our economy back on track.” --Greta Van Susteren, host of On the Record, Fox News Channel Few topics are as misunderstood today as the subject of money. Since the U.S. abandoned a gold-linked dollar more than four decades ago, the world’s governments have slid into a dangerous ignorance of the fundamental monetary principles that guided the world’s most successful economies for centuries. Today’s wrong-headed monetary policies are now setting the stage for a new global economic and social catastrophe that could rival the recent financial crisis and even the horrors of the 1930s. Coauthored by Steve Forbes, one of the world’s leading experts on finance, Money shows you why that doesn’t need to happen--and how to prevent it. After reading this entertaining and hugely well-informed book, you will know more about money than most people in the highest government positions today. Money explains why a return to sound money is absolutely essential if the U.S. and other nations are ever to overcome today’s problems. Stable money, Steve Forbes and Elizabeth Ames argue, is the only way to a true recovery and a stable and prosperous economy. Today’s system of fluctuating “fiat” money, in which governments manipulate the value of the dollar and other currencies, has been responsible for the biggest economic failures of recent decades, including the 2008 financial crisis, from whose effects we continue to suffer. The Obama/Bernanke/Yellen Federal Reserve and its unstable dollar policies are accelerating our course toward disaster, the authors show, in numerous convincing examples. In Money, Forbes and Ames answer these crucial questions: What is the difference between money and value? What is real wealth? How does sound money contribute to a well-functioning society? How have our money policy errors led to the current problems in global financial markets? What can we do now to reestablish the strength of the dollar and other currencies? The authors argue that the most effective way to return to a sound money policy and a healthy economy is to put the dollar back on a gold standard, and they outline the several different forms a gold standard could take. They also share invaluable suggestions for how to preserve our wealth and where to invest our money. Money is essential reading for anyone interested in this crucially important subject.

Remaking the Real Economy

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Author :
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1447356586
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Remaking the Real Economy by : Pearson, Gordon

Download or read book Remaking the Real Economy written by Pearson, Gordon and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2020-10-21 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debunking the myths around the current economic belief systems, this book reveals how mainstream perspectives work for the benefit of the organised money establishment, while causing all manner of destructions, inequalities and frauds, all conspiring against the common good. Focused on the realities of organisational systems, Pearson offers a practical alternative to economic dogma. Written from a distinctive perspective that combines practitioner and academic expertise, this book is structured as a simple model of business strategy and identifies necessary systems change in order to achieve a truly sustainable future.

The Creation and Destruction of Value

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Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674066189
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Creation and Destruction of Value by : Harold James

Download or read book The Creation and Destruction of Value written by Harold James and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harold James examines the vulnerability and fragility of processes of globalization, both historically and in the present. This book applies lessons from past breakdowns of globalizationÑabove all in the Great DepressionÑto show how financial crises provoke backlashes against global integration: against the mobility of capital or goods, but also against flows of migration. By a parallel examination of the financial panics of 1929 and 1931 as well as that of 2008, he shows how banking and monetary collapses suddenly and radically alter the rules of engagement for every other type of economic activity. Increased calls for state action in countercyclical fiscal policy bring demands for trade protection. In the open economy of the twenty-first century, such calls are only viable in very large statesÑprobably only in the United States and China. By contrast, in smaller countries demand trickles out of the national container, creating jobs in other countries. The international community is thus paralyzed, and international institutions are challenged by conflicts of interest. The book shows the looming psychological and material consequences of an interconnected world for people and the institutions they create.

Creative Destruction

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Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400825180
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Creative Destruction by : Tyler Cowen

Download or read book Creative Destruction written by Tyler Cowen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-10 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Frenchman rents a Hollywood movie. A Thai schoolgirl mimics Madonna. Saddam Hussein chooses Frank Sinatra's "My Way" as the theme song for his fifty-fourth birthday. It is a commonplace that globalization is subverting local culture. But is it helping as much as it hurts? In this strikingly original treatment of a fiercely debated issue, Tyler Cowen makes a bold new case for a more sympathetic understanding of cross-cultural trade. Creative Destruction brings not stale suppositions but an economist's eye to bear on an age-old question: Are market exchange and aesthetic quality friends or foes? On the whole, argues Cowen in clear and vigorous prose, they are friends. Cultural "destruction" breeds not artistic demise but diversity. Through an array of colorful examples from the areas where globalization's critics have been most vocal, Cowen asks what happens when cultures collide through trade, whether technology destroys native arts, why (and whether) Hollywood movies rule the world, whether "globalized" culture is dumbing down societies everywhere, and if national cultures matter at all. Scrutinizing such manifestations of "indigenous" culture as the steel band ensembles of Trinidad, Indian handweaving, and music from Zaire, Cowen finds that they are more vibrant than ever--thanks largely to cross-cultural trade. For all the pressures that market forces exert on individual cultures, diversity typically increases within society, even when cultures become more like each other. Trade enhances the range of individual choice, yielding forms of expression within cultures that flower as never before. While some see cultural decline as a half-empty glass, Cowen sees it as a glass half-full with the stirrings of cultural brilliance. Not all readers will agree, but all will want a say in the debate this exceptional book will stir.

Creative Destruction

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Author :
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1447336127
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Creative Destruction by : Phil Mullan

Download or read book Creative Destruction written by Phil Mullan and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2017-03-29 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Western economies have become stuck in a protracted depression that began long before the 2008 crash. Low productivity, which started in the 1970s, has prevented durable rises in living standards. Phil Mullan shows that the only way to ensure a better future is to create one, calling for a comprehensive economic restructure backed by political and cultural change. This means embracing the uncomfortable disruption involved in progressive change, rekindling in democratic form a spirit of Enlightenment thinking. The votes for Brexit and in the US presidential elections in 2016 indicate that many people desire change, offering greater opportunity for this public discussion. What is needed is a new industrial revolution which develops a broad range of emerging and yet unimagined services and products, provides decent jobs and restores prosperity. Providing examples of the new technologies needed to drive change, backed up by a wealth of data, this important book calls for a sea-change in imagination and thinking.

The Destruction of the Soviet Economic System: An Insider's History

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317457498
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis The Destruction of the Soviet Economic System: An Insider's History by : Michael Ellman

Download or read book The Destruction of the Soviet Economic System: An Insider's History written by Michael Ellman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-24 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inside story of the political collpase of the Soviet Union is far better understood than the course of economic and social disintegration. In order to capture the story, the editors compiled a list of questions which they addressed to former top Soviet officials and economic and other policy advisors (both Soviet and foreign) who were privy not only to data on the functioning of the Soviet economy but also to the internal policy debate during the 1980s. This volume assembles the Informants' analyses of key issues and the turning points, and weaves them into a compelling history of systemic collapse. Among the topics investigated are: economic policies in the 1980s; the standard of living: the reliability of Soviet statistics; Gosplan's projections for the economy to the year 2000; was the arms race starving the civilian economy? the role of ideology in supporting the functioning of an economic system; the party's participating in economic management; the influence of foreign advisors; the struggle over a transition program; the functioning and collapse of the supply system, the CMEA, and the foreign trade system.

Prophet of Innovation

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Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674736966
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (747 download)

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Book Synopsis Prophet of Innovation by : Thomas K. McCraw

Download or read book Prophet of Innovation written by Thomas K. McCraw and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-30 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pan Am, Gimbel’s, Pullman, Douglas Aircraft, Digital Equipment Corporation, British Leyland—all once as strong as dinosaurs, all now just as extinct. Destruction of businesses, fortunes, products, and careers is the price of progress toward a better material life. No one understood this bedrock economic principle better than Joseph A. Schumpeter. “Creative destruction,” he said, is the driving force of capitalism. Described by John Kenneth Galbraith as “the most sophisticated conservative” of the twentieth century, Schumpeter made his mark as the prophet of incessant change. His vision was stark: Nearly all businesses fail, victims of innovation by their competitors. Businesspeople ignore this lesson at their peril—to survive, they must be entrepreneurial and think strategically. Yet in Schumpeter’s view, the general prosperity produced by the “capitalist engine” far outweighs the wreckage it leaves behind. During a tumultuous life spanning two world wars, the Great Depression, and the early Cold War, Schumpeter reinvented himself many times. From boy wonder in turn-of-the-century Vienna to captivating Harvard professor, he was stalked by tragedy and haunted by the specter of his rival, John Maynard Keynes. By 1983—the centennial of the birth of both men—Forbes christened Schumpeter, not Keynes, the best navigator through the turbulent seas of globalization. Time has proved that assessment accurate. Prophet of Innovation is also the private story of a man rescued repeatedly by women who loved him and put his well-being above their own. Without them, he would likely have perished, so fierce were the conflicts between his reason and his emotions. Drawing on all of Schumpeter’s writings, including many intimate diaries and letters never before used, this biography paints the full portrait of a magnetic figure who aspired to become the world’s greatest economist, lover, and horseman—and admitted to failure only with the horses.

Job Creation and Destruction

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press (MA)
ISBN 13 : 9780262041522
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Job Creation and Destruction by : Steven J. Davis

Download or read book Job Creation and Destruction written by Steven J. Davis and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1996 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume considers the American manufacturing industry, and develops a statistical portait of the microeconomic adjustments that affect business and workers. The authors focus on the employer rather than worker side of the process aiming to show the processes that will be relevant to economists.

Economies of destruction

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Economies of destruction by : David R. Fontijn

Download or read book Economies of destruction written by David R. Fontijn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Why do people destroy objects and materials that are important to them? This book aims to make sense of this fascinating, yet puzzling social practice. It does so by focusing on a period in history in which such destructive behavior reached unseen heights and complexity: the Bronze Age in Europe (c. 2300-500 BC). This period is often seen as the time in which the first 'familiar' Europe took shape due to the rise of a metal-based economy. But it was also during the Bronze Age that massive amounts of scarce and recyclable metal were deliberately buried in the landscape and never taken out again. This systematic deposition of metalwork sits uneasily with our prevailing perception of the Bronze Age as the first 'rational-economic' period in history - and therewith - of ourselves. Taking the patterned archaeological evidence of these seemingly un-economic metalwork depositions at face value, it is shown that the 'un-economic' giving-up of metal valuables was an integral part of what a Bronze Age 'economy' was about. Written as an extended essay and based on case studies from Bronze Age Europe, this book attempts to reconcile the seemingly conflicting political and cultural approaches that are currently used to understand this pivotal period in Europe's deep history. Using theories from economic anthropology, this book argues that -paradoxically - giving up that which was valuable created value. It shows that to achieve something in society, something else must be given up"--

Creative Destruction and the Sharing Economy

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781786433428
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis Creative Destruction and the Sharing Economy by : Henrique Schneider

Download or read book Creative Destruction and the Sharing Economy written by Henrique Schneider and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While creative destruction and disruptive innovation change the entrepreneurial landscape; regulation - especially regulation of sectorial markets and competition regulation - can delay this change or even bring it to a halt. Uber plays an active role between these two forces: first as an agent of creative destruction and then possibly in championing regulation on its own terms. Grounded in a particular understanding of the economic concept of the market as a series of processes, this book explores the implications of creative destruction, competition regulation and the role that businesses play. Instead of discussing these relations in a purely abstract manner, this book uses Uber as a case study.

Evolutionary Economics and Creative Destruction

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Author :
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 041540648X
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Economics and Creative Destruction by : J. Stanley Metcalfe

Download or read book Evolutionary Economics and Creative Destruction written by J. Stanley Metcalfe and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central theme of this book is competition treated as an evolutionary process in which the focus is upon economic change and not economic equilibrium. This theme is explored by linking together differences in economic behaviour with the role of markets as co-ordinating institutions. In this picture innovation plays a central role as a primary source of differential behaviour of firms and the purpose of the book is to identify the consequences of these differences for competition and competitive advantage.

Economies of Destruction

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 135161438X
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Economies of Destruction by : David Fontijn

Download or read book Economies of Destruction written by David Fontijn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do people destroy objects and materials that are important to them? This book aims to make sense of this fascinating, yet puzzling social practice by focusing on a period in history in which such destructive behaviour reached unseen heights and complexity: the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in Europe (c. 2300–500 BC). This period is often seen as the time in which a ‘familiar’ Europe took shape due to the rise of a metal-based economy. But it was also during the Bronze Age that massive amounts of scarce and recyclable metal were deliberately buried in the landscape and never taken out again. This systematic deposition of metalwork sits uneasily with our prevailing perception of the Bronze Age as the first ‘rational-economic’ period in history – and therewith – of ourselves. Taking the patterned archaeological evidence of these seemingly un-economic metalwork depositions at face value, it is shown that the ‘un-economic’ giving-up of metal valuables was an integral part of what a Bronze Age ‘economy’ was about. Based on case studies from Bronze Age Europe, this book attempts to reconcile the seemingly conflicting political and cultural approaches that are currently used to understand this pivotal period in Europe’s deep history. It seems that to achieve something in society, something else must be given up. Using theories from economic anthropology, this book argues that – paradoxically – giving up that which was valuable created value. It will be invaluable to scholars and archaeologists interested in the Bronze Age, ancient economies, and a new angle on metalwork depositions.