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Economic Transplants
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Book Synopsis Economic Transplants by : Katja Langenbucher
Download or read book Economic Transplants written by Katja Langenbucher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why and in what ways have lawyers been importing economic theories into a legal environment, and how has this shaped scholarly research, judicial and legislative work? Since the financial crisis, corporate or capital markets law has been the focus of attention by academia and media. Formal modelling has been used to describe how capital markets work and, later, has been criticised for its abstract assumptions. Empirical legal studies and regulatory impact assessments offered different ways forward. This book presents a new approach to the risks and benefits of interdisciplinary policy work. The benefits economic theory brings for reliable and tested lawmaking are contrasted with important challenges including the significant differences of research methodology, leading to misunderstandings and problems of efficient implementation of economic theory's findings into the legal world. Katja Langenbucher's innovative research scrutinises the potential of economic theory to European legislators faced with a lack of democratic accountability.
Book Synopsis The Culture Transplant by : Garett Jones
Download or read book The Culture Transplant written by Garett Jones and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-15 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A provocative new analysis of immigration's long-term effects on a nation's economy and culture. Over the last two decades, as economists began using big datasets and modern computing power to reveal the sources of national prosperity, their statistical results kept pointing toward the power of culture to drive the wealth of nations. In The Culture Transplant, Garett Jones documents the cultural foundations of cross-country income differences, showing that immigrants import cultural attitudes from their homelands—toward saving, toward trust, and toward the role of government—that persist for decades, and likely for centuries, in their new national homes. Full assimilation in a generation or two, Jones reports, is a myth. And the cultural traits migrants bring to their new homes have enduring effects upon a nation's economic potential. Built upon mainstream, well-reviewed academic research that hasn't pierced the public consciousness, this book offers a compelling refutation of an unspoken consensus that a nation's economic and political institutions won't be changed by immigration. Jones refutes the common view that we can discuss migration policy without considering whether migration can, over a few generations, substantially transform the economic and political institutions of a nation. And since most of the world's technological innovations come from just a handful of nations, Jones concludes, the entire world has a stake in whether migration policy will help or hurt the quality of government and thus the quality of scientific breakthroughs in those rare innovation powerhouses.
Book Synopsis The Global Organ Shortage by : T. Randolph Beard
Download or read book The Global Organ Shortage written by T. Randolph Beard and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-09 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although organ transplants provide the best, and often the only, effective therapy for many otherwise fatal conditions, the great benefits of transplantation go largely unrealized because of failures in the organ acquisition process. In the United States, for instance, more than 10,000 people die every year either awaiting transplantation, or as a result of deteriorating health exacerbated by the shortage of organs. Issues pertaining to organ donation and transplantation represent, perhaps, the most complex and morally controversial medical dilemmas aside from abortion and euthanasia. However, these quandaries are not unsolvable. This book proposes compensating organ donors within a publicly controlled monopsony. This proposal is quite similar to current practice in Spain, where compensation for cadaveric donation now occurs "in secret," as this text reveals. To build their recommendations, the authors provide a medical history of transplantation, a history of the development of national laws and waiting lists, a careful examination of the social costs and benefits of transplantation, a discussion of the causes of organ shortages, an evaluation of "partial" reforms tried or proposed, an extensive ethical evaluation of the current system and its competitors.
Book Synopsis Economic Transplants on Law-making by :
Download or read book Economic Transplants on Law-making written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade-Offs written by Harold Winter and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How economists analyze real-world issues from overeating to organ transplants: “A wonderful introduction to economics for the layperson.” —Choice When economists wrestle with issues such as unemployment, inflation, or budget deficits, they do so by incorporating an impersonal, detached mode of reasoning. But economists also analyze issues that, to others, typically do not fall within the realm of economic reasoning, such as organ transplants, cigarette addiction, overeating, and product safety. Trade-Offs is an introduction to the economic approach to analyzing these controversial public policy issues. Harold Winter provides readers with the analytical tools needed to identify and understand the trade-offs associated with these topics. By considering both the costs and benefits of potential policy solutions, Winter stresses that real-world decision making is best served by an explicit recognition of as many trade-offs as possible. This new edition incorporates recent developments in policy debates, including the rise of “new paternalism,” or policies designed to protect people from themselves; alternative ways to increase the supply of organs available for transplant; and economic approaches to controlling infectious disease. Intellectually stimulating yet accessible and entertaining, Trade-Offs will be appreciated by students of economics, public policy, health administration, political science, and law—as well as by anyone who follows current social policy debates. “This precious little book will become widespread reading in basic courses on economics, but every sensible person interested in societal matters and not familiar with law and economics issues should also read it.” —History of Economic Ideas
Book Synopsis Comparative Law and Economics by : Ugo Mattei
Download or read book Comparative Law and Economics written by Ugo Mattei and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book links the study of comparative law with the study of law and economics
Book Synopsis The Transplant Imaginary by : Lesley A. Sharp
Download or read book The Transplant Imaginary written by Lesley A. Sharp and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Transplant Imaginary, author Lesley Sharp explores the extraordinarily surgically successful realm of organ transplantation, which is plagued worldwide by the scarcity of donated human parts, a quandary that generates ongoing debates over the marketing of organs as patients die waiting for replacements. These widespread anxieties within and beyond medicine over organ scarcity inspire seemingly futuristic trajectories in other fields. Especially prominent, longstanding, and promising domains include xenotransplantation, or efforts to cull fleshy organs from animals for human use, and bioengineering, a field peopled with “tinkerers” intent on designing implantable mechanical devices, where the heart is of special interest. Scarcity, suffering, and sacrifice are pervasive and, seemingly, inescapable themes that frame the transplant imaginary. Xenotransplant experts and bioengineers at work in labs in five Anglophone countries share a marked determination to eliminate scarcity and human suffering, certain that their efforts might one day altogether eliminate any need for parts of human origin. A premise that drives Sharp’s compelling ethnographic project is that high-stakes experimentation inspires moral thinking, informing scientists’ determination to redirect the surgical trajectory of transplantation and, ultimately, alter the integrity of the human form.
Book Synopsis Economic Development, Legality, and the Transplant Effect by : Daniel Berkowitz, Katharina Pistor, and Jean-Francois Richard
Download or read book Economic Development, Legality, and the Transplant Effect written by Daniel Berkowitz, Katharina Pistor, and Jean-Francois Richard and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-18 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-heart-beating donors (individuals whose deaths are determined by cessation of heart and respiratory function rather than loss of whole brain function) could potentially be of major importance in reducing the gap between the demand for and available supply of organs for transplantation. Prompted by questions concerning the medical management of such donorsâ€"specifically, whether interventions undertaken to enhance the supply and quality of potentially transplantable organs (i.e. the use of anticoagulants and vasodilators) were in the best interests of the donor patientâ€"the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services asked the Institute of Medicine to examine from scientific and ethical points of view "alternative medical approaches that can be used to maximize the availability of organs from [a] donor [in an end-of-life situation] without violating prevailing ethical norms...." This book examines transplantation supply and demand, historical and modern conceptions of non-heart-beating donors, and organ procurement organizations and transplant program policies, and contains recommendations concerning the principles and ethical issues surrounding the topic.
Book Synopsis Japanese Auto Transplants in the Heartland by : Robert Perrucci
Download or read book Japanese Auto Transplants in the Heartland written by Robert Perrucci and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade-Offs written by Harold Winter and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When economists wrestle with issues such as unemployment, inflation, or budget deficits, they do so by incorporating an impersonal, detached mode of reasoning. But economists also analyze issues that, to others, typically do not fall within the realm of economic reasoning, such as organ transplants, cigarette addiction, overeating, and product safety. Trade-Offs is an introduction to the economic approach to analyzing these controversial public policy issues. Harold Winter provides readers with the analytical tools needed to identify and understand the trade-offs associated with these topics. By considering both the costs and benefits of potential policy solutions, Winter stresses that real-world decision making is best served by an explicit recognition of as many trade-offs as possible. This new edition incorporates recent developments in policy debates, including the rise of “new paternalism,” or policies designed to protect people from themselves; alternative ways to increase the supply of organs available for transplant; and economic approaches to controlling infectious disease. Intellectually stimulating yet accessible and entertaining, Trade-Offs will be appreciated by students of economics, public policy, health administration, political science, and law, as well as by anyone who follows current social policy debates.
Book Synopsis "Lost in Translation"? by : Ioannis Lianos
Download or read book "Lost in Translation"? written by Ioannis Lianos and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Report of the President, Transmitted to the Congress March 2013 Together With the Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisors by : United States. President
Download or read book Economic Report of the President, Transmitted to the Congress March 2013 Together With the Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisors written by United States. President and published by Council of Economic Advisers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic Report of the President Transmitted to the Congress March 2013 together with the Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers. Contains the Economic Report of the President and the Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers.
Author :Collectif Publisher :Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme ISBN 13 :2735122859 Total Pages :432 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (351 download)
Download or read book New Cannibal Markets written by Collectif and published by Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to recent progress in biotechnology, surrogacy, transplantation of organs and tissues, blood products or stem-cell and gamete banks are now widely used throughout the world. These techniques improve the health and well-being of some human beings using products or functions that come from the body of others. Growth in demand and absence of an appropriate international legal framework have led to the development of a lucrative global trade in which victims are often people living in insecure conditions who have no other ways to survive than to rent or sell part of their body. This growing market, in which parts of the human body are bought and sold with little respect for the human person, displays a kind of dehumanization that looks like a new form of slavery. This book is the result of a collective and multidisciplinary reflection organized by a group of international researchers working in the field of medicine and social sciences. It helps better understand how the emergence of new health industries may contribute to the development of a global medical tourism. It opens new avenues for reflection on technologies that are based on appropriation of parts of the body of others for health purposes, a type of practice that can be metaphorically compared to cannibalism. Are these the fi rst steps towards a proletariat of men- and women-objects considered as a reservoir of products of human origin needed to improve the health or well-being of the better-off? The book raises the issue of the uncontrolled use of medical advances that can sometimes reach the anticipations of dystopian literature and science fiction.
Book Synopsis Essays on Economic Design by : Edwin Munoz-Rodriguez
Download or read book Essays on Economic Design written by Edwin Munoz-Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I examine economic design issues in the realm of dynamic organ allocation for transplantation and behavioral market design/contract theory.The second and third chapters focus on two issues in the design of the U.S. deceased-donor organ allocation system, which represents the majority of transplants performed in the U.S. In contrast with the dominant trend in Economics, which pays attention almost exclusively to kidney allocation, I analyze two market failures in allocating hearts and livers in the U.S. The fourth chapter, on the other hand, provides an information theoretical perspective on recent findings documenting failures to play dominant strategies in dominant strategy mechanisms. In the second chapter, I study a long-standing controversy on the principles for allocating organs for transplantation from a dynamic contracting perspective. This approach is motivated by the fact that in the allocation of hearts and livers, the U.S. transplantation authority has recurrently faced a pervasive problem of asymmetric information about transplant candidates' medical urgency. I investigate the optimal design of prioritization rules under different social welfare functions while taking patients' incentives to misrepresent medical needs into account. I find that the current prioritization scheme is not incentive compatible. Moreover, I deliver a way of incentivizing truth-telling by prioritizing patients using their medical urgency histories, which is remarkably different from how the latter are used in practice. Despite screening is possible using promises of organ consumption in the future, when the social objective is to prioritize medically urgent patients, its optimality is ambiguous. In some parameter regions, pooling is preferred. In sharp contrast, when social preferences are utilitarian, pooling is preferred most of the time. In coauthorship with Brett Gordon and Nitin Katariya, in the third chapter, we study a previously unknown market failure in allocating deceased donor livers due to the reliance on measures of candidates' medical urgency that vary over time. It is infeasible to collect this information in real-time because blood tests are necessary to measure medical urgency. To ensure allocations are made using updated information, the U.S. transplantation authority requires transplant centers to submit candidates' information according to a schedule. Using a unique data set provided by the U.S.~transplantation authority, we find that in 7,502 of 19,295 liver allocations, at least one transplant candidate was prevented from getting an organ offer because the actual recipient was ranked higher thanks to the latter having outdated information in the national system. We find that among the most urgent patients between 2002 and 2013, this friction generated the loss of the equivalent of 2.7% of the total life years gained through transplantation. Studying the timing of candidate reports, we find empirical patterns consistent with a set of strategic responses to the existing update schedule, which have an ambiguous effect on welfare. Although transplant centers have an incentive to quickly report any candidate whose condition is deteriorating, which helps to alleviate the informational friction, they should prefer to delay reporting candidates with improving conditions to maximize these candidates' chances of getting livers. We discuss the feasibility of simple policy changes that could help to mitigate the strategic delay in reporting patients' scores. The fourth chapter studies a general issue in market and mechanism design from a behavioral perspective. It is well-known that, in mechanism design applications, participants often fail to pin down their optimal strategy, even if there is a dominant strategy to play. In collaboration with Daniel Martin, we study the link between misperception of payoff generating rules and play of dominant strategies in the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism, a single-agent decision problem widely used to elicit subject valuations. Using a rational inattention framework, we show that a decrease in the cost of processing information increases the frequency of play of the BDM dominant strategy. Building on the recent literature on contingent thinking, we conjecture that the difficulty of determining the dominant strategy is related to the easiness of understanding the payoff generating rule. In an experimental setting, we study the impact of framing payoffs contingency-by-contingency by comparing behavior under versions of the BDM with and without this framing, which is intuitively more straightforward. We find that this frame substantially reduces choice mistakes. We determine how much better-informed subjects are about contingent payoffs under this frame using both stated beliefs and an information-theoretic model. The treatment effect is comparable to the impact of learning with feedback. The contingent framing also reduces information gaps across demographic groups.
Book Synopsis Japanese Auto Transplants in the Heartland by : Robert Perrucci
Download or read book Japanese Auto Transplants in the Heartland written by Robert Perrucci and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japanese Auto Transplants in the Heartland
Book Synopsis Competition Policy for the New Era by : Tembinkosi Bonakele
Download or read book Competition Policy for the New Era written by Tembinkosi Bonakele and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By bringing together analysis from well-known scholars from both developed and developing countries, the chapters in this book offer a thoughtful, precise, and relevant analysis of competition policy in BRICS and developing countries.
