Economic Transformation In Africa From The Bottom Up Evidence From Tanzania

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Economic transformation in Africa from the bottom up: Evidence from Tanzania

Author : Diao, Xinshen
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Economic transformation in Africa from the bottom up: Evidence from Tanzania by : Diao, Xinshen

Download or read book Economic transformation in Africa from the bottom up: Evidence from Tanzania written by Diao, Xinshen and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2017-02-03 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At roughly 4 percent per year, labor productivity in Tanzania has grown more rapidly over the past 14 years than at any other time in recent history. Employment growth has also been strong, keeping up with population growth at roughly 2.5 percent per year; the bulk of employment growth (90 percent) has been in the nonagricultural sector. However, the vast majority of this nonagricultural employment growth has occurred in informal sector. Using Tanzania’s first nationally representative survey of micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises, this paper shows that firms in the informal sector contributed roughly half a percentage point to economywide labor productivity growth in Tanzania between 2002 and 2012. However, virtually all of the labor productivity growth contributed by informal firms came from a small subset of firms called the “in-between firms.” This paper considers attributes of the in-between firms that could be used for targeting financial and business services to firms with the potential to grow. This paper finds two salient characteristics of in-between firms that might lend themselves to targeting—their owners are more likely to keep written accounts and more likely to keep their savings in formal bank accounts.

Tanzania

Author : Christopher S. Adam
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191009989
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Tanzania by : Christopher S. Adam

Download or read book Tanzania written by Christopher S. Adam and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-12-22 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, the third in the Africa: Policies for Prosperity series, is concerned with the challenges of securing economic prosperity in Tanzania over the coming decades. Building on widespread economic reforms in the early 1990s, Tanzania has recorded steady economic growth over the last two decades, despite the downturn in global economic fortunes since 2008. The process of reform is continuous, however, and the challenge facing the current generation of policymakers is how to harness these favourable gains in macroeconomic stability and turn them into a coherent strategy for labour-intensive, inclusive growth over the coming decades. The next twenty years offer huge opportunity but also huge challenges to Tanzania. The pace of economic transformation and integration into the regional and global economy is picking up; society is becoming much more urban and with population growth remaining high, the need for high-quality employment, especially amongst the young, has never been so pressing. At the same time, the discovery of large natural gas reserves and a programme of heavy investment in transport and communications infrastructure creates the opportunity for Tanzania not just to exploit its natural locational advantage, but to finance the investment in this transformation. This volume brings leading international and national scholars into the policy arena to examine these challenges and to lay out, in a rigorous but accessible manner, economic policy options facing policymakers in Tanzania.

Africa’s manufacturing puzzle: Evidence from Tanzanian and Ethiopian firms

Author : Diao, Xinshen
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Africa’s manufacturing puzzle: Evidence from Tanzanian and Ethiopian firms by : Diao, Xinshen

Download or read book Africa’s manufacturing puzzle: Evidence from Tanzanian and Ethiopian firms written by Diao, Xinshen and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent growth accelerations in Africa are characterized by increasing productivity in agriculture, a declining share of the labor force employed in agriculture and declining productivity in modern sectors such as manufacturing. To shed light on this puzzle, we disaggregate firms in the manufacturing sector by size using two newly created panels of manufacturing firms, one for Tanzania covering 2008-2016 and one for Ethiopia covering 1996-2017. Our analysis reveals a dichotomy between larger firms that exhibit superior productivity performance but do not expand employment much, and small firms that absorb employment but do not experience any productivity growth. We suggest the poor employment performance of large firms is related to use of capital-intensive techniques associated with global trends in technology.

Tanzanian Development

Author : Andrew Coulson
Publisher : Eastern Africa
ISBN 13 : 9781847011978
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Tanzanian Development by : Andrew Coulson

Download or read book Tanzanian Development written by Andrew Coulson and published by Eastern Africa. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date, comparative, examination of the developing economy of Tanzania and its grass roots progress out of poverty, with pointers to its wider implications for policymakers, NGOS and practitioners. Over the past thirty years, in common with a number of other Sub-Saharan African countries, Tanzania has experienced a period of painful adjustment followed by relatively rapid and stable economic growth. However the extent of progress on poverty reduction and the sustainability of the development process are both open to question. In this book, prominent international observers provide a range of different perspectives on the process of development over time and the issues facing a rapidly growing African economy: political economy; agriculture and rural livelihoods; industrial development; urbanisation; aid and trade; tourism; and the use of natural resources. Comparisons are drawn with other African economies as well as other developing countries, such as Vietnam. An invaluable deep review of Tanzania's economy and development, the book also looks at the wider implications of the research for the futureon the continent and beyond. David Potts is Honorary Visiting Researcher at the University of Bradford and was Head of the Bradford Centre for International Development 2015-16. He worked for six years as an economist in Tanzania's Ministry of Agriculture in the 1980s, has had many subsequent short-term assignments in the country and is co-editor of Development Planning and Poverty Reduction (2003).

Turbulence and Order in Economic Development

Author : Hazel Gray
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192548018
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Turbulence and Order in Economic Development by : Hazel Gray

Download or read book Turbulence and Order in Economic Development written by Hazel Gray and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The terms of debate on the role of institutions in economic development are changing. Stable market institutions, in particular, secure private property rights and democratically accountable governments that uphold the rule of law, are widely seen to be a pre-requisite for economic transformation in low income countries, yet over the last thirty years, economic growth and structural transformation has surged forward in a range of countries where market and state institutions have differed these ideals, as well as from each other. Turbulence and Order in Economic Development studies the role of the state in two such countries, examining the interplay between market liberalization, institutions, and the distribution of power in Tanzania and Vietnam. Tanzania and Vietnam were two of the poorest countries in the world in the early 1980s but over the last thirty years, both have experienced significant changes in the pace and character of economic development. While both countries experienced faster rates of GDP growth, their paths of economic transformation were very different as Vietnam experienced rapid poverty reduction associated with the expansion of manufacturing while Tanzania's path of industrialization was characterized by the rise of mining and a much slower pace of poverty reduction. Employing a political settlements approach, this book considers the comparative role of the state in driving economic transformation. In both countries, the experiences of socialism continued to shape the role of the state in the economy even after extensive market liberalization, however, the distribution of political and economic power was very different. This had important consequences for the overlapping role of the state in generating political order and in driving economic transformation. Turbulence and Order in Economic Development studies the formal and informal ways that the state influenced economic transformation through its role in public financial management, land and industrial policy.

Stimulating agricultural technology adoption: Lessons from fertilizer use among Ugandan potato farmers

Author : Nazziwa-Nviiri, Lydia
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Stimulating agricultural technology adoption: Lessons from fertilizer use among Ugandan potato farmers by : Nazziwa-Nviiri, Lydia

Download or read book Stimulating agricultural technology adoption: Lessons from fertilizer use among Ugandan potato farmers written by Nazziwa-Nviiri, Lydia and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of a growing population in an already densely populated area, agricultural yields will need to increase without putting additional stress on the environment. The adoption of modern inputs by smallholders is an important ingredient of agricultural transformation. In this study we explore plot-level, household-level, and institutional-level characteristics associated with agricultural technology adoption behavior among smallholder farmers. The aim is to uncover correlations that can guide the design of policies and incentives that are likely to increase adoption. We explicitly differentiate between fixed costs that are likely to affect the decision to use the technology and variable costs that are more relevant for the decision regarding use intensity. In addition, we examine how the importance of each of these characteristics differs with asset status. To do so, we use data from about 1,880 potato plots cultivated by 500 randomly selected potato growers in southwestern Uganda. We first categorize households into poorly endowed and well-endowed asset classes based on their access to productive assets. We then estimate double-hurdle models for take-up and use intensity of fertilizer for each group. The results show that the factors associated with the decision to use fertilizer are often different from those associated with the decision about how much fertilizer to use and that the characteristics correlated with fertilizer adoption differ between asset-poor and asset-rich farmers. For instance, asset-poor female-headed households are less likely to use fertilizer, but if they do, they use more of it than male-headed households. Our results also suggest fertilizer packaging and distribution are important factors in fertilizer adoption decisions due to their impact on costs related to both indivisibilities and uncertainty about the quality. We derive a range of policy recommendations.

Prospects for the Myanmar rubber sector: An analysis of the viability of smallholder production in Mon State

Author : Van Asselt, Joanna
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Prospects for the Myanmar rubber sector: An analysis of the viability of smallholder production in Mon State by : Van Asselt, Joanna

Download or read book Prospects for the Myanmar rubber sector: An analysis of the viability of smallholder production in Mon State written by Van Asselt, Joanna and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of recent political reforms, Myanmar has the opportunity to enact major policy changes to reinvigorate its agriculture sector. In this context, Myanmar’s rubber sector has the potential to become an even greater source of export earnings and rural household incomes, but there are major challenges related to low rubber productivity and poor rubber quality. Using data from the Mon State Rural Household Survey (MSRHS) conducted from May to June 2015, as well as qualitative data collected from rubber producer focus groups and other interviews with rubber producers, traders, and processors, this paper describes the cost structure of rubber production in Mon State. We then estimate smallholder production costs and the profitability of smallholder rubber production under various alternative yield and price scenarios. The results suggest that if the weaknesses hindering the profitability of the rubber sector are not addressed, the rubber sector will likely stagnate. Moreover, in the absence of a major increase in world prices (substantially above the 2000–2016 average), new rubber investments will not be profitable without major improvements in yield and quality. Further, increasing only yields or only quality, or only improving the institutional environment, will not result in positive returns on investment for smallholders; reforms are needed in all three areas. If these weaknesses are addressed, however, Myanmar’s new investments will be profitable and Myanmar could become an important rubber producer and exporter on the world stage.

Tanzania

Author : Christopher Adam
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019870481X
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Tanzania by : Christopher Adam

Download or read book Tanzania written by Christopher Adam and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines key policy challenges facing Tanzania over the coming decades in the areas of agriculture, trade, urbanization, employment, finance, and natural investment.

The impact of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme on the nutritional status of children: 2008–2012

Author : Berhane, Guush
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The impact of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme on the nutritional status of children: 2008–2012 by : Berhane, Guush

Download or read book The impact of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme on the nutritional status of children: 2008–2012 written by Berhane, Guush and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2017-02-03 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) is a large-scale social protection intervention aimed at improving food security and stabilizing asset levels. The PSNP contains a mix of public works employment and unconditional transfers. It is a well-targeted program; however, several years passed before payment levels reached the intended amounts. The PSNP has been successful in improving household food security. However, children’s nutritional status in the localities where the PSNP operates is poor, with 48 percent of children stunted in 2012. This leads to the question of whether the PSNP could improve child nutrition. In this paper, we examine the impact of the PSNP on children’s nutritional status over the period 2008–2012. Doing so requires paying particular attention to the targeting of the PSNP and how payment levels have evolved over time. Using inverse-probability-weighted regression-adjustment estimators, we find no evidence that the PSNP reduces either chronic undernutrition (height-for-age z-scores, stunting) or acute undernutrition (weight-for-height z-scores, wasting). While we cannot definitively identify the reason for this nonresult, we note that child diet quality is poor. We find no evidence that the PSNP improves child consumption of pulses, oils, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, or animal-source proteins. Most mothers have not had contact with health extension workers nor have they received information on good feeding practices. Water practices, as captured by the likelihood that mothers boil drinking water, are poor. These findings, along with work by other researchers, have informed revisions to the PSNP. Future research will assess whether these revisions have led to improvements in the diets and anthropometric status of preschool children in Ethiopia.

Enterprise and Economic Development in Africa

Author : Dina M. Nziku
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 180071324X
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Enterprise and Economic Development in Africa by : Dina M. Nziku

Download or read book Enterprise and Economic Development in Africa written by Dina M. Nziku and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a topical analysis of the challenges and achievements of enterprise, Enterprise and Economic Development in Africa examines contributions to economic development on the continent, as well as exploring implications for policy dimensions.

Can better targeting improve the effectiveness of Ghana's Fertilizer Subsidy Program?

Author : Houssou, Nazaire
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Can better targeting improve the effectiveness of Ghana's Fertilizer Subsidy Program? by : Houssou, Nazaire

Download or read book Can better targeting improve the effectiveness of Ghana's Fertilizer Subsidy Program? written by Houssou, Nazaire and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite improvements to the implementation regime of Ghana’s fertilizer subsidy program, this paper shows that considerable challenges remain in ensuring that the subsidy is targeted to farmers who need fertilizer the most. Currently, larger-scale and wealthier farmers are the main beneficiaries of subsidized fertilizer even though the stated goal is to target smallholder farmers with fertilizer subsidies. The experience of other African countries suggests that the effectiveness of fertilizer subsidies can improve with effective targeting of resource-poor smallholders. However, targeting smallholder farmers entails significant transaction costs and may even be infeasible in some cases. Faced with such challenges, Ghanaian policy makers must ponder the question of how to improve the targeting of input subsidy programs in the country. Further research is needed to identify more cost-effective approaches for achieving the goal of targeting.

The Economics of Frugal Innovation

Author : Christian Le Bas
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1035302330
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (353 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Frugal Innovation by : Christian Le Bas

Download or read book The Economics of Frugal Innovation written by Christian Le Bas and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of the tremendous growth of frugal product and process innovations in emerging markets and Northern economies, this book offers a clear understanding of this new direction of technological change with a Schumpeterian analytical frame. Characterising frugal innovation as a new technological paradigm, it illuminates the relationship between frugality and sustainability.

Enterprise and Economic Development in Africa

Author : Dina M. Nziku
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1800713223
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Enterprise and Economic Development in Africa by : Dina M. Nziku

Download or read book Enterprise and Economic Development in Africa written by Dina M. Nziku and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a topical analysis of the challenges and achievements of enterprise, Enterprise and Economic Development in Africa examines contributions to economic development on the continent, as well as exploring implications for policy dimensions.

The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation

Author : Célestin Monga
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198793847
Total Pages : 741 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation by : Célestin Monga

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation written by Célestin Monga and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation addresses the economics of structural transformation around the world. It deals with major themes, which include history and context, critical issues and concepts, methodological foundations, main theoretical approaches, policy issues, some illuminating country experiences of structural transformation, and important debates on the respective roles of the market and the state in that process. The historical record provides a challenge for economists to understand the success of the rising economic powers (some of them initially considered unlikely candidates for prosperity) and the stagnation or decline of others. Five major questions emerge: DT Why has so much divergence occurred among nations of the world since the Industrial Revolution, and particularly during the 20th century? DT Why has the pattern changed recently with the emergence of a few developing economies (e.g. the multi-polar world), and can it be sustained? DT What are the key drivers, strategies, and policies, to foster structural transformation in various different country contexts and in a constantly evolving global economy? DT How could low- and middle-income countries avoid development traps and learn from past experiences whilst exploiting the new opportunities offered by the Fourth Industrial Revolution? DT What is the role of various development stakeholders and other important players in facilitating sustained economic convergence among nations? This book addresses these questions, bringing the rigor, usefulness, and multi-disciplinary scope of the Oxford Handbook series to a critical topic in economics. The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation is an essential reference work and a stimulus to new research and creativity across all branches of the social sciences.

The Future of Entrepreneurship in Africa

Author : Robert E. Hinson
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000912043
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Entrepreneurship in Africa by : Robert E. Hinson

Download or read book The Future of Entrepreneurship in Africa written by Robert E. Hinson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-08-22 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entrepreneurial and Small Business Development in Africa focuses on entrepreneurial development and the development of small businesses in Africa. The central idea of this book is that entrepreneurial development and small business development are connected. Entrepreneurship is lauded as an engine of growth (economic development and job creation), with small businesses often contributing to new job creation. Also, entrepreneurship and small business development are the heart of many countries’ economies. The decision to focus on entrepreneurial development and small business development is that first, there is a consensus that most entrepreneurial activities are aimed at creating small new ventures. Second, countries that give special attention to entrepreneurship stand a chance of industrialization. Third, Africa has been reported as having a rich entrepreneurial landscape as the continent’s wealthiest individuals generated their wealth as trailblazing entrepreneurs. Fourth, small-scale entrepreneurs and businesses form the backbone of economic activities across the continent. A motivation to focus on entrepreneurial and small business development is the generally accepted view that start-ups in Africa are growing calling for understanding into how to enhance productivity, efficiencies, and application of new technologies. The book aims to enhance the understanding of stakeholders (business owners, governments, practitioners) to overturn challenges such as inadequate start-up capital, competition, lack of employees with the right skills, and low use of technology. The ability to develop entrepreneurship in Africa, and the role of small-medium enterprises cannot be underestimated. The promotion of entrepreneurship in Africa is crucial as it creates jobs, provides decent livelihoods, and contributes to GDP. Most entrepreneurial initiatives in developing economies entail identifying opportunities and new venture creation. It is worth recognizing that most new ventures created take the form of small businesses and the entrepreneurial processes involve entrepreneurs’ knowledge and skills, identifying opportunities, involvement in setting up a business and managing the business. The various aspects of this book focus on many entrepreneurial activities that are undertaken on the African continent. This book is focused on African countries since there is a reason to be optimistic about the prospects for growth and entrepreneurship. To achieve entrepreneurial success in African countries, the African Development Bank (2021) proposes that there must be a link between macro and firm-level characteristics that will serve as the mix of entrepreneurship in societies. This book, therefore, considers some macro-level factors such as education, training, and skills development, technological developments, government programs, and entrepreneurial challenges and opportunities. At the firm-level, this book focuses on entrepreneurial initiatives such as branding and marketing.

Tanzania

Author : Henry Bienen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Tanzania by : Henry Bienen

Download or read book Tanzania written by Henry Bienen and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Informal Workers and Organized Action

Author : Neetu Choudhary
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811642818
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Informal Workers and Organized Action by : Neetu Choudhary

Download or read book Informal Workers and Organized Action written by Neetu Choudhary and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book utilizes the School to Work Transition Survey (SWTS) of the ILO to discuss what shapes an individual worker’s decision to participate in unionization and how her working condition is affected by that.. There remains a disconnect as far as our understanding of the relationship between the labour’s choice to unionize as individual actor and the broader socioeconomic, political and cultural context of that choice, is concerned.Using the SWTS data, the book focuses on the identification of the correlates of workers’ propensity to unionize, the outcomes of unionizing and their synthesis with the wider political economy context to arrive at stylized patterns in the way informal workers exercise their agency.The book also reflects upon field data on organizing challenges of migrant workers in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The book does not claim to establish any causality but is interested in bringing out broad patterns that define informal workers’ organizing in a particular context. In the process, the book ends up with the preposition that despite all the heterogeneities across regions, informal workers’ organizing today can be understood through the lens of pragmatism.