Economic Reform Education Expansion And Earnings Inequality For Urban Males In China 1988 2007

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Economic Reform, Education Expansion, and Earnings Inequality for Urban Males in China, 1988-2007

Author : Xin Meng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Reform, Education Expansion, and Earnings Inequality for Urban Males in China, 1988-2007 by : Xin Meng

Download or read book Economic Reform, Education Expansion, and Earnings Inequality for Urban Males in China, 1988-2007 written by Xin Meng and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 20 years the average real earnings of Chinese urban male workers have increased by 350 per cent. Accompanying this unprecedented growth is a considerable increase in earnings inequality. Between 1988 and 2007 the variance of log earnings increased from 0.27 to 0.48, a 78 per cent increase. Using a unique set of repeated cross-sectional data this paper examines the causes of this increase in earnings inequality. We find that the major changes occurred in the 1990s when the labour market moved from a centrally planned system to a market oriented system. The decomposition exercise conducted in the paper identifies the factor that drives the significant increase in the earnings variance in the 1990s to be an increase in the within-education-experience cell residual variances. Such an increase may be explained mainly by the increase in the price of unobserved skills. When an economy shifts from an administratively determined wage system to a market-oriented one, rewards to both observed and unobserved skills increase. The turn of the century saw a slowing down of the reward to both the observed and unobserved skills, due largely to the college expansion program that occurred at the end of the 1990s.

Economic Reform, Education Expansion, and Earnings Inequality for Urban Males in China, 1988-2007

Author : Xin Meng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Reform, Education Expansion, and Earnings Inequality for Urban Males in China, 1988-2007 by : Xin Meng

Effects of Education on Earnings Inequality in Urban China

Author : Xiaohua LI
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Education on Earnings Inequality in Urban China by : Xiaohua LI

Download or read book Effects of Education on Earnings Inequality in Urban China written by Xiaohua LI and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using annual urban household survey data from 6 provinces in different regions of China, we analyze the rapid increase in earning inequality of urban China from 1988 to 2003. We describe overall and residual inequality trends and use quantile regression to address the relationship between education and earning inequality. We find that returns to education are higher for the low earning individuals in the first half of this period conditional on their observable characteristics. This suggests that education has a negative impact upon within-group earning inequality. However, the situation is reversed during the recent half period. Using the Quantile-JMP decomposition technique we partition the observed distribution of earnings into "price" components (earning coefficients) and "quantity" components (labor force composition) and calculate, through simulation, the impact of education on changes in overall earning dispersion. The decomposition shows that the rise of earning dispersion between 1988 and 2003 is almost entirely accounted for by prices rather than quantities, and it attributes a large proportion to the overall effect of education. From 1988 to1997 education serves as the equalizing force to decrease earning inequality but it is the primary driving force which increases the earning inequality between 1997 and 2003. The empirical analysis also reveals that the overall effect of college and above education category on the growth of earning inequality is the most pronounced one.

Economic Growth, Economic Reform and Rising Inequality in China

Author : John B. Knight
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Growth, Economic Reform and Rising Inequality in China by : John B. Knight

Download or read book Economic Growth, Economic Reform and Rising Inequality in China written by John B. Knight and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Education in China

Author : W. John Morgan
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1783470666
Total Pages : 579 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (834 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Education in China by : W. John Morgan

Download or read book Handbook of Education in China written by W. John Morgan and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-08-25 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Education in China provides both a comprehensive overview and an original interpretation of key aspects of education in the People’s Republic of China. It has four parts: The Historical Background; The Contemporary Chinese System; Problems and Policies; The Special Administrative Regions: Macau and Hong Kong. The Handbook is an essential reference for those interested in Chinese education; as well as a comprehensive textbook that provides valuable supplementary material for those studying Chinese politics, economy, culture and society more generally.

Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality in Reform-era Urban China

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality in Reform-era Urban China by :

Download or read book Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality in Reform-era Urban China written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PDF version of a paper originally published in the American Journal of Sociology (101:4) in 1996. Analyzes the earnings inequality in urban China and concludes that it "remains low and only slightly correlated with economic growth." Includes bibliographical references. Chinese version available at http://gseweb.harvard.edu/%7Ehannumem/personal/AJS%5FChinese.pdf.

Gender Earnings Differentials and Regional Economic Development in Urban China, 1988-97

Author : Ying Chu Ng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender Earnings Differentials and Regional Economic Development in Urban China, 1988-97 by : Ying Chu Ng

Download or read book Gender Earnings Differentials and Regional Economic Development in Urban China, 1988-97 written by Ying Chu Ng and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender earnings differentials in urban China by region and their changes during the first decade of economic reform are examined. It is found that the female-male earnings ratio increased during the early stage of reform. The male earnings premium, overall, showed an increasing trend in the later stage of reform. Decomposition of the gender earnings differential reveals that a relatively lower percentage of the differential could be explained by gender differences in productive characteristics in the fast growing regions and in regions with a rapid pace of reform. The cross-sectional results highlight the possible existence of gender discrimination, particularly in the later stages of economic reform and development. Both market competition and the effects of wage decentralization play a role in shaping the gender earnings differentials. Gender earnings differentials varied by region and over time, generally in tandem with the pace of economic reform and development. The decomposition of the over time changes in the earnings gap indicated that improvement in the productive characteristics of females during the reform period constantly enhanced the earnings of females relative to those of males. The changes over time in the return to female characteristics, however, work to counter any narrowing of the gender earnings gap.

The Chinese Economy, second edition

Author : Barry J. Naughton
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262344076
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis The Chinese Economy, second edition by : Barry J. Naughton

Download or read book The Chinese Economy, second edition written by Barry J. Naughton and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of a comprehensive overview of the modern Chinese economy, revised to reflect the end of the “miracle growth” period. This comprehensive overview of the modern Chinese economy by a noted expert on China's economic development offers a quality and breadth of coverage not found in any other English-language text. In The Chinese Economy, Barry Naughton provides both a broadly focused introduction to China's economy since 1949 and original insights based on his own extensive research. This second edition has been thoroughly revised to reflect a decade of developments in China's economy, notably the end of the period of “miracle growth” and the multiple transitions it now confronts—demographic, technological, macroeconomic, and institutional. Coverage of macroeconomic and financial policy has been significantly expanded. After covering endowments, legacies, economic systems, and general issues of economic structure, labor, and living standards, the book examines specific economic sectors, including agriculture, industry, technology, and foreign trade and investment. It then treats financial, macroeconomic, and environmental issues. The book covers such topics as patterns of growth and development, including population growth and the one-child family policy; the rural and urban economies, including rural industrialization and urban technological development; incoming and outgoing foreign investment; and environmental quality and the sustainability of growth. The book will be an essential resource for students, teachers, scholars, business practitioners, and policymakers. It is suitable for classroom use for undergraduate or graduate courses.

Effects of Education on Earnings Inequality in Urban China

Author : Xiaohua Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Education on Earnings Inequality in Urban China by : Xiaohua Li

Download or read book Effects of Education on Earnings Inequality in Urban China written by Xiaohua Li and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using annual urban household survey data from 6 provinces in different regions of China, we analyze the rapid increase in earning inequality of urban China from 1988 to 2003. We describe overall and residual inequality trends and use quantile regression to address the relationship between education and earning inequality. We find that returns to education are higher for the low earning individuals in the first half of this period conditional on their observable characteristics. This suggests that education has a negative impact upon within-group earning inequality. However, the situation is reversed during the recent half period. Using the Quantile-JMP decomposition technique we partition the observed distribution of earnings into 'price' components (earning coefficients) and 'quantity' components (labor force composition) and calculate, through simulation, the impact of education on changes in overall earning dispersion. The decomposition shows that the rise of earning dispersion between 1988 and 2003 is almost entirely accounted for by prices rather than quantities, and it attributes a large proportion to the overall effect of education. From 1988 to1997 education serves as the equalizing force to decrease earning inequality but it is the primary driving force which increases the earning inequality between 1997 and 2003. The empirical analysis also reveals that the overall effect of college and above education category on the growth of earning inequality is the most pronounced one.

Economic Restructuring and Income Inequality in Urban China

Author : Xin Meng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Restructuring and Income Inequality in Urban China by : Xin Meng

Download or read book Economic Restructuring and Income Inequality in Urban China written by Xin Meng and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic transition from a planned to a market oriented economy is often associated with a widening of income inequality. The nature of this change, however, may differ during different stages of the economic transition. This paper investigates the increase in income inequality in urban China during two phases of economic reform: a moderate reform era (1988-95) and a radical reform era (1995-99). It is found that although income inequality increased considerably during both stages, the nature and causes of the increase are different. In the moderate reform period, the increase in inequality was a result of some parts of society sharing more of the economic gain than others, and the main cause of this inequality is regional income dispersion. During the radical reform period income reductions at the lower end of the distribution is observed, and it is mainly due to the large-scale unemployment generated by labor reallocation.

Intergenerational Income Mobility in China

Author : Yuna Hou
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100047366X
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Intergenerational Income Mobility in China by : Yuna Hou

Download or read book Intergenerational Income Mobility in China written by Yuna Hou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intergenerational income mobility is of great societal importance due to its relevance to equal socio-economic opportunity and future economic efficiency. In her book Dr Hou explores the potential role of education policy in reducing intergenerational transmission of poverty and promoting intergenerational income mobility in China. Her research investigates the extent to which intergenerational income persists in China, the mechanisms behind intergenerational inequality, and premises for policy intervention. The interaction between families, labour markets, and public policies that structure a child’s opportunities and determine the extent to which income is related to family background are discussed in detail. The book comprises of three separate empirical studies examining the relationship between parents’ income and the long-term welfare of their children for two birth cohorts; the role education plays in the intergenerational income relationship; and possible policy intervention channels to facilitate intergenerational income mobility. The lessons learnt from the empirical studies in this book offer the basis for a discussion of current educational policies and provide guidance for developing more appropriate public policies to promote intergenerational income mobility in China in the future. This book contributes to the international discussion by providing evidence in Chinese context, and also provides guidance for policymakers attempting to develop more appropriate public policies to promote intergenerational income mobility in China.

Tasks, Skills, and Institutions

Author : Carlos Gradín
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192872443
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Tasks, Skills, and Institutions by : Carlos Gradín

Download or read book Tasks, Skills, and Institutions written by Carlos Gradín and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. The book investigates the trends in earnings inequalities in developing countries to determine the main drivers. Particular attention is paid to extending the most conventional explanations of changes in earnings inequality, based on the relative abundance of skilled and unskilled labour, with recent theories that put the nature of tasks performed by workers in their jobs, rather than their skills, at the centre of the analysis. The latter approach has helped to explain relevant patterns recently observed in the trends in earnings inequality in the US and other industrialized countries. Developed countries have experienced a polarization in earnings and in employment, namely stronger growth in the earnings and jobs for the most and least skilled workers at the expense of those in the middle. This pattern has been attributed to differences in tasks-whether a given job is routine and can be automated or offshored-rather than skills, and has reduced employment and incomes in typical middle-class jobs in manufacturing and services. However, this narrative has been developed in the context of mature industrialized economies on the frontier of technological change that have also seen a large set of activities offshored to emergent economies. Evidence for developing countries, however, is still scarce and faces bigger challenges, both conceptual, and in terms of gathering the necessary data on earnings and task content of jobs. This book presents the main results of the UNU-WIDER project, The Changing Nature of Work and Inequality, aiming to fill this knowledge gap.

Cities of Dragons and Elephants

Author : Guanghua Wan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198829221
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Cities of Dragons and Elephants by : Guanghua Wan

Download or read book Cities of Dragons and Elephants written by Guanghua Wan and published by . This book was released on 2019-10-12 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urbanization is one of the most important phenomena in economic development. In the past three decades, Asian urban populations expanded by almost one billion, a figure expected to double in the next three decades. Clearly, both the scale and pace of urbanization in Asia is unprecedented in human history and will dominate the global urbanization landscape. Asia's urbanization, in turn, is dominated by what is happening in China and India, the two most populous, fastest growing economies in the world. Cities of Dragons and Elephants: Urbanization and Urban Development in China and India aims at addressing the two most fundamental issues of urbanization: why and where to urbanize. Contributed by a team of top experts from both countries, it uses original research to explore both the speed and scale of urbanization and urban systems or spatial distribution of urbanities in different-sized citites. It examines various drivers of urbanization alongside the benefits and costs and the role of markets, governments, and NGOs. Cities of Dragons and Elephants presents evidence-based policy suggestions regarding the labor market, the land and housing market, FDI and the capital market, education, environment, poverty, and inequality. It uses the similarities betwen India and China to draw conclusions and implications of enormous relevance to many governments and institutions in Asia and beyond.

OECD Economic Surveys: China 2013

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264182608
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: China 2013 by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: China 2013 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OECD's 2013 Economic Survey of China examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. Special chapters cover inclusive urbanisation and reforms for a healthier environment.

Rising Inequality in China

Author : Shi Li
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107002915
Total Pages : 531 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Rising Inequality in China by : Shi Li

Download or read book Rising Inequality in China written by Shi Li and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the evolution of economic inequality in China from 2002 to 2007; a sequel to Inequality and Public Policy in China (2008).

Class and Gender

Author : Yao Tang
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443889563
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Class and Gender by : Yao Tang

Download or read book Class and Gender written by Yao Tang and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2016-02-29 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During China’s “socio-economic transition period”, stretching from 1978 to the present day, the nation’s social structure underwent enormous changes. The economic restructuring from a centrally-planned economy to a market-oriented one, combined with the retreat of the state administrative sphere from the labour market, gradually transformed the mechanisms of resource allocation. This has given rise to enlarging gaps between different social groups, which have led to an escalation in tensions between the higher and the lower social strata. In addition, the situation of Chinese women has also changed, with those in contemporary China in a quite different position from their “pre-communist”, “traditional” counterparts. Over recent decades, more equalitarian policies have made a great deal of difference, not only to women’s self-identification, but also to their social milieu. However, the female employment rate has gradually declined since the economic reforms began, meaning this period has had a major impact on the social status and conditions of Chinese women. These social transformations and differences between the genders have provided an unusual opportunity for scholars and researchers who are interested in social change. As such, this book examines the social structure of contemporary China, exploring how resources are distributed among the different social strata, and how these strata have transformed with the economic reforms and development. In addition, it also investigates the current socio-economic circumstances of Chinese women, especially since many female workers were laid off (xiagang) by state owned enterprises (SOEs) and collectively owned enterprises (COEs) during the “industrial restructuring”. In confronting an ever more competitive market environment, has the situation of women degraded or progressed? Do all women face a similar situation, or are there discrepancies that exist amongst them? What are the factors contributing to these divisions? In discussing these questions, this book allows readers to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the current Chinese social structure, and how it has transformed, as well as its influence on gender differentiation.

China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513573772
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality by : International Monetary Fund

Download or read book China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.