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Economic Growth Rural And Urban Wages
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Author :Monchuk, Daniel Charles Publisher :Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International ISBN 13 : Total Pages :324 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (244 download)
Book Synopsis Identifying the Driving Forces of Rural Economic Growth [microform] : the Impact of Intellectual Spillovers, Technology, and Amenities on Employment Growth in the U.S. Midwest by : Monchuk, Daniel Charles
Download or read book Identifying the Driving Forces of Rural Economic Growth [microform] : the Impact of Intellectual Spillovers, Technology, and Amenities on Employment Growth in the U.S. Midwest written by Monchuk, Daniel Charles and published by Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International. This book was released on 2003 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines a number of issues related to economic growth in rural regions. The major themes explored are the roles of spatial technological externalities in the creation of new knowledge, the impacts of technology and technology spillovers on non-farm employment growth, and the role of amenities influencing non-farm employment growth. The theoretical model examines the interaction between rural and urban areas in an overlapping generations model allowing migration of high skill workers. The major theoretical conclusions reached suggests: 1) if technology spillovers exist in the urban market then high skill individuals will seek employment in the urban area where they earn an income superior to that in the rural area; and 2) the usefulness of rural amenities as a means to attract individuals is not unambiguous since the trade-off between higher urban wages and rural amenities will depend to a large extent on what type of equilibrium, i.e. high vs. low steady state equilibrium, the economy is in currently. In the empirical applications spatial econometric methods are employed to control for and examine the effect of economic activity in surrounding counties. In chapter two are identified the variables which have significant impacts on new knowledge and technology creation as measured by patents and finds impressive evidence of spatial knowledge spillins. That is, the patenting behavior in close, neighboring proximity tends to have a positive impact on patenting activity in the home county. Chapter three examines the role of local technology and knowledge creation embodied in patents on employment growth in the US Midwest over the period 1969-2000. The results from the empirical analysis overwhelmingly suggest that when patent counts within the county are used as an indicator for new knowledge and technology, then this variable has a strong positive impact on non-farm employment growth within the county. The final chapter exploits the tradeoff relationship between wages and non-monetary amenity benefits. The research indicates amenities in the home county as well as amenities in surrounding counties have an important influence on non-farm employment growth.
Book Synopsis Beyond the City by : David M. De Ferranti
Download or read book Beyond the City written by David M. De Ferranti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rural economy's contribution to development: summary of findings and policy implications; The rural contribution to development: analytical issues; The rural contribution to development: policy issues.
Book Synopsis Economic Development, Poverty, And Income Distribution by : William Loehr
Download or read book Economic Development, Poverty, And Income Distribution written by William Loehr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing inequality and poverty that seem inevitably to accompany economic growth in developing countries have become more and more evident in recent years. The search for development paths that lead to growth with equality—all too difficult to find—is now an area of central concern for development economists. One result of their concern is this volume, in which internationally known representatives of a range of disciplines address themselves to ways in which growth with equity might be successfully achieved. The book begins with both empirical and theoretical background to the development issues involved, and with an overview of the experience of the international development assistance community. focuses on operational definitions of the poor that will permit analytical, policy-oriented research to lead to useful conclusions. Specific concern is expressed for small-business owners, women, peasants, and recent migrants from rural to urban areas. The basic question, of course, is what can be done about poverty and inequality. includes suggestions for specific measures and provides a comprehensive comparison across a wide range of policy options. The book does not solve the problem, but it does point to directions that promise a reasonably high probability of success. And throughout, suggestions are made for the kind of interdisciplinary research required to raise that probability even further.
Download or read book Rural Development Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wage Policy Issues in Economic Development by : Anthony Douglas Smith
Download or read book Wage Policy Issues in Economic Development written by Anthony Douglas Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 1969-06-18 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rural Poverty and the Urban Crisis by : Niles M. Hansen
Download or read book Rural Poverty and the Urban Crisis written by Niles M. Hansen and published by Bloomington : Indiana University Press. This book was released on 1970 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph on problems of rural areas poverty and the urban areas crisis and the need for regional planning programmes in the USA - covers geographical aspects, the economic structure, urbanization and the prospect for economic growth, rural migration, labour mobility, the promotion of industrialization in rural areas, labour demand and labour supply, human resources planning, educational planning (incl. In respect of vocational training), etc. Bibliography pp. 313 to 323.
Author :Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Task Force on Economic Growth and Opportunity Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :284 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Rural Poverty and Regional Progress in an Urban Society by : Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Task Force on Economic Growth and Opportunity
Download or read book Rural Poverty and Regional Progress in an Urban Society written by Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Task Force on Economic Growth and Opportunity and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report on regional planning and rural development needs to eradicate poverty in rural areas and solve relevant problems of urbanization in the USA - includes recommendations, and covers educational facilities, employment opportunities, industrial development, local level public administration, agricultural policy, conditions of migrant workers employed as rural workers, the position of American Indians and other minority groups, etc. References and statistical tables.
Book Synopsis Urbanization and Economic Growth by : Vibhooti Shukla
Download or read book Urbanization and Economic Growth written by Vibhooti Shukla and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1996 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together the late Vibhooti Shukla's writings on urbanization and economic development covering a vast canvas of interconnected issues. Her pioneering analysis with Indian data strongly indicates that the positive correlation between productivity and city sizes holds for India as well as for developed countries. In a well-knit framework, Dr Shukla addresses the problem of city size and the implications for industrial dispersal policies and the phenomenon of rural-urban migrations. She goes on to discuss the spatial dimension of rural non-farm employment, infrastructure investment and the government's role in these. It is her concern with policy issues which takes her to the subject of infrastructure investment, especially its spatial dimension. Dr Shukla demonstrates that better water supply, asphalt roads and increased drainage capacity can have a great impact on productivity. Her essays underline the fact that economic infrastructure is not enough. Social infrastructure, such as investment in health and education, not only creates a healthier, enlightened population but can result in higher industrial productivity.
Book Synopsis Economic Growth, Rural and Urban Wages by : Edmar Lisboa Bacha
Download or read book Economic Growth, Rural and Urban Wages written by Edmar Lisboa Bacha and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The High-Tech Potential by : Amy K. Glasmeier
Download or read book The High-Tech Potential written by Amy K. Glasmeier and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rural America is at a crossroads in its economic development. Like regions of other First World nations, the traditional economic base of rural communities in the United States is rapidly deteriorating. Natural resources, including agriculture, show little prospect for generating future job growth, and manufacturing has become a new source of instability. Faced with these changes and an increasing vulnerability to international economic events, rural communities have begun to seek high-technology industries and advanced services as candidates for job growth and economic stability. What is the potential for high-tech growth outside the largest cities? What is the role of high-tech industry in the economic development of non-metropolitan America? This book provides a hard-nosed look at the high-tech potential in rural economic development. Some of the questions Glasmeier addresses include: Are rural areas attractive to high tech? Will high tech follow earlier patterns and filter down the lowest-paid jobs to rural areas? Will rural communities be bypassed completely for even lower-wage Third World locations? Glasmeier answers in a sober analysis that separates fact from myth. Empirical data reveals the kinds of high-tech jobs that locate in rural areas, and the kinds of rural areas that attract high-tech jobs. This analysis leads to a highly critical evaluation of state and local economic development policy and recommendations for its improvement. This book is a must for policymakers, practitioners, scholars, and an informed public interested in the promise of high tech and the future of US economic development.
Book Synopsis Labor Market Distortions, Rural-urban Inequality, and the Opening of People's Republic of China's Economy by : Thomas Warren Hertel
Download or read book Labor Market Distortions, Rural-urban Inequality, and the Opening of People's Republic of China's Economy written by Thomas Warren Hertel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors find that reform of the Hukou system has the most significant impact on aggregate economic activity, as well as income distribution. Whereas the land market reform primarily benefits the agricultural households, this reform's primary beneficiaries are the rural households currently sending temporary migrants to the city. By reducing the implicit tax on temporary migrants, Hukou reform boosts their welfare and contributes to increased rural-urban migration. The combined effect of both factor market reforms is to reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically, from 2.59 in 2007 under the authors' baseline scenario to 2.27. When viewed as a combined policy package, along with WTO accession, rather than increasing inequality in China, the combined impact of product and factor market reforms significantly reduces rural-urban income inequality. This is an important outcome in an economy currently experiencing historic levels of rural-urban inequality"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Urbanization Without Growth by : Marianne Fay
Download or read book Urbanization Without Growth written by Marianne Fay and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To find out why African countries' experience with urbanization and sustained growth appeared to differ from that of other countries, the authors investigated the determinants of urbanization across countries over 40 years. Rather than studying individuals' decisions to migrate, they relied on macroeconomic data and cross-country comparisons. A central hypothesis of their study: that individuals move (with varying degrees of ease) in response to economic incentives and opportunities. If location incentives are distorted, so is growth. The authors find that urbanization levels are closely correlated with levels of income. But urbanization continues even during periods of negative growth, carried by its own momentum, largely a function of the level of urbanization. From that viewpoint, Africa's urbanization without growth is not a puzzle. Factors other than income that help predict differences in levels of urbanization across countries include: a) income structure; b) education; c) rural-urban wage differentials; d) ethnic tensions; and e) civil disturbances. In addition, the relationship between economic incentives and urbanization is weaker in countries with fewer civil or political liberties. Factors other than initial urbanization level that help explain the speed of urbanization include: 1) The sector from which income growth is derived; 2) ethnic tensions; 3) civil disturbances and democracy (these two slow the pace of urbanization if all else is constant); 4) rural-urban wage differentials, whether they represent an urban bias or simply lower productivity in agriculture relative to other sectors. The weak relationship that this study shows between urbanization and traditionally accepted migration factors suggests that in Africa economists are overlooking part of the urbanization story. The fact that the informal sector appears to provide a significant source of income for urban migrants, coupled with the overlap between rural and urban activities, may shed light on the nature of urbanization in Africa.
Book Synopsis Wage Gaps and Development by : Alex Mourmouras
Download or read book Wage Gaps and Development written by Alex Mourmouras and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007-05 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the course of development, wages and labor productivity are much higher in the nonfarm sectors of the economy than in agriculture. In this paper, we examine the sources and consequences of wage and productivity gaps in the U.S. from 1800 to 2000. We build a quantitative general equilibrium model that closely matches the two-century long paths of farm and non-farm labor productivity growth, schooling, and fertility in the U.S. The family farm emerges as an important institution that contributes to differences in wages and labor productivity. Income from farm ownership compensates farm workers for the relatively low labor productivity and wages earned in agriculture. Farm ownership, along with the higher cost of raising children off the farm, generated a two-fold gap in labor productivity across the farm and nonfarm sectors in the 19th century US. Consequently, the reallocation of labor from farming to industry raised the average annual growth rate of output per worker by about half a percentage point over the 19th century. The paper also draws some lessons from the quantitative analysis of U.S. economic history for currently developing countries.
Book Synopsis Regional and Urban Economics and Economic Development by : Mary E. Edwards
Download or read book Regional and Urban Economics and Economic Development written by Mary E. Edwards and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thorough and authoritative, Regional and Urban Economics and Economic Development: Theory and Methods provides students with a sound approach to analyzing the economic progress of a region or urban area. The textbook is divided into four sections for ease of reference. The first section, Market Areas and Firm Location Analysis introduces spatial economics and location theory, while the next section, Regional Growth and Development analyzes regional growth and development models and policy. Introducing the foundations of urban economics, Urban Land Use and Urban Form examines land rent, land use patterns, and the effects of attempts to control land uses. The final section, Urban Problems and Policy, investigates local public finance and introduces the policy analysis involved in countering urban problems. Addressing these topics from the perspectives of how they affect the population at large and how they become established within public policy, Regional and Urban Economics and Economic Development: Theory and Methods provides students with an essential foundation not only to understand but also to contemplate the dynamics of varying economic factors as they relate to an area's growth.
Download or read book From Farm to Firm written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of rural-urban transformation presents both opportunities and challenges for development. If managed effectively, it can result in growth that benefits everyone; if managed poorly, it can lead to stark welfare disparities and entire regions cut off from the advantages of agglomeration economies. The importance of rural-urban transition has been confirmed by two consecutive World Development Reports: WDR 2008 Agriculture for Development; and WDR 2009 Reshaping Economic Geography. Focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, this book picks up where the WDRs left off, investigating the influence of country conditions and policies on the pace, pattern, and consequences of rural-urban transition and suggesting strategies to ensure that its benefits results in shared improvements in well-being. The book uncovers vast inequalities, whether between two regions of one country, between rural and urban areas, or within cities themselves. The authors find little evidence to suggest that these inequalities will automatically diminish as countries develop: empirical and qualitative analysis suggests that spatial divides are mainly a function of country conditions, policies and institutions. By implication, policymakers must take active steps to ensure that rural-urban transition results in shared growth. Spatially unbiased provision of health and education services is crucial to ensuring that the benefits of transition are shared by all. But connective infrastructure and targeted interventions also emerge as important considerations, even in countries with severely constrained fiscal and administrative capacity. The authors suggest steps for navigating the tricky political economy of land reforms. And they alert readers to potential spillover effects that mean that policies designed for one space can have unintended consequences on another.Policymakers and development experts, as well as anyone concerned with the impact of rural-urban transition on growth and equity, will find this book a thought-provoking and informative read.
Book Synopsis Economic Development, Urban Underemployment, and Income Inequality by : James E. Rauch
Download or read book Economic Development, Urban Underemployment, and Income Inequality written by James E. Rauch and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of inequality in permanent income is investigated during the course of a less developed country's transformation from a primarily agricultural to a primarily urban-industrial economy. The source of inequality is market luck in obtaining employment in the protected urban "formal sector" versus employment in the unprotected urban "informal sector." It is shown that with development the log variance measure of inequality in this country tends to follow an "inverted U": it rises when urbanization is low and consequent pressure on the land keeps rural incomes low, making agents willing to incur high risks of "underemployment" in the urban informal sector, and eventually falls after urbanization and consequently rural incomes has increased sufficiently to allow agents to make better than even bets in the industrial sector. These results in combination with new empirical evidence suggest that rather than being an unimportant artifact of the design of inequality indices, inverted-U behavior of inequality may be driven by the important social phenomenon of mass urban underemployment
Book Synopsis Economic Development in Rural Areas by : Prof Dr Peter Dannenberg
Download or read book Economic Development in Rural Areas written by Prof Dr Peter Dannenberg and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2015-06-28 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In rural areas of industrialized societies, food production as a basis for growth and employment has been declining for many decades. In the global south, on the other hand, food production is still often the most important factor for socio-economic development. Analysing the ongoing changes and dynamics in rural development from a functional perspective through a series of case studies from the global north and south, this volume deepens our understanding of the importance of new functional and multifunctional approaches in policy, practice and theory.
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