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Economic Dispatch And Control For Efficiency Improvements On Diesel Electric Power Systems In Alaska Rural Villages
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Book Synopsis Economic Dispatch and Control for Efficiency Improvements on Diesel Electric Power Systems in Alaska Rural Villages by : Larre G. Brouhard
Download or read book Economic Dispatch and Control for Efficiency Improvements on Diesel Electric Power Systems in Alaska Rural Villages written by Larre G. Brouhard and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Numerous rural areas exist in Alaska, as well as other locations throughout the world, where communities are not connected to a large power generation infrastructure. With no connection to a main electrical power grid, remote communities in Alaska generally rely on diesel-electric generators (DEGs) to meet required electrical generation demands. However, the use of DEGs comes with the high cost of supplying diesel fuel and the high cost of maintenance over their operational lifetime. On average Alaska rural utilities spend significantly more for electrical energy than those communities connected to a large electrical infrastructure. This indicates a need for the application of technologies to reduce the cost by improving the efficiency of the DEGs and utilizing renewable energy technologies which are dependant upon the available local resources. Methods of improving the efficiency of the DEGs such as economic dispatch using control systems can be used in conjunction with renewable energy technologies. The purpose of this research is to develop a simulation model of the diesel-electric generation systems in rural communities using MATLAB® Simulink® for predicting the impact of economic dispatch on the system efficiency and to determine if such a control system would be economically viable for these villages. The findings indicate that a village can benefit economically by installing a control system for system efficiency improvements, with short pay back periods indicated"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Effects of Village Power Quality on Fuel Consumption and Operating Expenses by :
Download or read book Effects of Village Power Quality on Fuel Consumption and Operating Expenses written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alaska's rural village electric utilities are isolated from the Alaska railbelt electrical grid intertie and from each other. Different strategies have been developed for providing power to meet demand in each of these rural communities. Many of these communities rely on diesel electric generators (DEGs) for power. Some villages have also installed renewable power sources and automated generation systems for controlling the DEGs and other sources of power. For example, Lime Village has installed a diesel battery photovoltaic hybrid system, Kotzebue and Wales have wind-diesel hybrid systems, and McGrath has installed a highly automated system for controlling diesel generators. Poor power quality and diesel engine efficiency in village power systems increases the cost of meeting the load. Power quality problems may consist of poor power factor (PF) or waveform disturbances, while diesel engine efficiency depends primarily on loading, the fuel type, the engine temperature, and the use of waste heat for nearby buildings. These costs take the form of increased fuel use, increased generator maintenance, and decreased reliability. With the cost of bulk fuel in some villages approaching $1.32/liter ($5.00/gallon) a modest 5% decrease in fuel use can result in substantial savings with short payback periods depending on the village's load profile and the cost of corrective measures. This project over its five year history has investigated approaches to improving power quality and implementing fuel savings measures through the use of performance assessment software tools developed in MATLAB{reg_sign} Simulink{reg_sign} and the implementation of remote monitoring, automated generation control, and the addition of renewable energy sources in select villages. The results have shown how many of these communities would benefit from the use of automated generation control by implementing a simple economic dispatch scheme and the integration of renewable energy sources such as wind generation.
Book Synopsis Hybrid Electric Power Systems in Remote Arctic Villages by : Ashish Narayandas Agrawal
Download or read book Hybrid Electric Power Systems in Remote Arctic Villages written by Ashish Narayandas Agrawal and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The need for energy-efficient and reliable electric power in remote arctic communities of Alaska is a driving force for research in this work. Increasing oil prices, high transportation costs for fuels, and new environmental standards have forced many utilities to explore hybrid energy systems in an attempt to reduce the cost of electricity (COE). This research involves the development of a stand-alone hybrid power system model using MATLAB® Simulink® for synthesizing the power system data and performing the economic and environmental analysis of remote arctic power systems. The hybrid model consists of diesel electric generators (DEGs), a battery bank, a photovoltaic (PV) array, and wind turbine generators (WTGs). The economic part of the model is used to study the sensitivity analysis of fuel cost and the investment rate on the COE, the life cycle cost (LCC) of the system, and the payback time of the system. The environmental part of the model calculates the level of various pollutants including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and the particulate matter (PM10). The environmental analyses part of the model also calculates the avoided cost of various pollutants. The developed model was used to study the economics and environmental impacts of a stand-alone DEG system installed at the University of Alaska Fairbanks Energy Center, the wind-diesel-battery hybrid power system installed at Wales Village, Alaska, and the PV-diesel-battery hybrid power system installed at Lime Village, Alaska. The model was also used to predict the performance of a designed PV-wind-diesel-battery system for Kongiganak Village. The results obtained from the Simulink® model were in close agreement with those predicted by the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software developed at National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Remote Power Systems with Advanced Storage Technologies for Alaskan Villages by :
Download or read book Remote Power Systems with Advanced Storage Technologies for Alaskan Villages written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Alaskan communities pay economic and environmental penalties for electricity, because they must import diesel as their primary fuel for electric power production, paying heavy transportation costs and potentially causing environmental damage with empty drums, leakage, and spills. For these reasons, remote villages offer a viable niche market where sustainable energy systems based on renewable resources and advanced energy storage technologies can compete favorably on purely economic grounds, while providing environmental benefits. These villages can also serve as a robust proving ground for systematic analysis, study, improvement, and optimization of sustainable energy systems with advanced technologies. This paper presents an analytical optimization of a remote power system for a hypothetical Alaskan village. The analysis considers the potential of generating renewable energy (e.g., wind and solar), along with the possibility of using energy storage to take full advantage of the intermittent renewable sources available to these villages. Storage in the form of either compressed hydrogen or zinc pellets can then provide electricity from hydrogen or zinc-air fuel cells when renewable sources are unavailable. The analytical results show a great potential to reduce fossil fuel consumption and costs basing renewable energy combined with advanced energy storage devices. The best solution for our hypothetical village appears to be a hybrid energy system, which can reduce consumption of diesel fuel by over 50% with annualized cost savings by over 30% by adding wind turbines to the existing diesel generators. When energy storage devices are added, diesel fuel consumption and costs can be reduced substantially more. With optimized energy storage, use of the diesel generatorss can be reduced to almost zero, with the existing equipment only maintained for added reliability. However about one quarter of the original diesel consumption is still used for heating purposes. (We use the term diesel to encompass the fuel, often called heating or fuel oil, of similar or identical properties.).
Book Synopsis Wales, Alaska High Penetration Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power System by :
Download or read book Wales, Alaska High Penetration Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power System written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To reduce the cost of rural power generation and the environmental impact of diesel fuel usage, the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA), Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA, a rural Alaskan utility), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), began a collaboration in late 1995 to implement a high-penetration wind-diesel hybrid power system in a village in northwest Alaska. The project was intended to be both a technology demonstration and a pilot for commercial replication of the system in other Alaskan villages. During the first several years of the project, NREL focused on the design and development of the electronic controls, the system control software, and the ancillary components (power converters, energy storage, electric dump loads, communications links, etc.) that would be required to integrate new wind turbines with the existing diesels in a reliable highly automated system. Meanwhile, AEA and KEA focused on project development activities, including wind resource assessment, site selection and permitting, community relationship building, and logistical planning. Ultimately, the village of Wales, Alaska, was chosen as the project site. Wales is a native Inupiat village of approximately 160 inhabitants, with an average electric load of about 75 kW.
Book Synopsis Economic Dispatch and Demand Side Management in Diesel Hybrid Mini-grids by : Moustafa Dalal-Bachi
Download or read book Economic Dispatch and Demand Side Management in Diesel Hybrid Mini-grids written by Moustafa Dalal-Bachi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aligning Electricity Energy Policies in Alaska by : Alejandra Villalobos Meléndez
Download or read book Aligning Electricity Energy Policies in Alaska written by Alejandra Villalobos Meléndez and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most rural Alaska communities are not road connected and must cope with challenging arctic environmental conditions. Due to their remoteness and sparse populations, these villages depend on isolated non-grid connected electric generation systems that operate on fuel oil. In Alaska, the Power Cost Equalization program is a 25 year long energy subsidy that targets rural residents to provide energy costs relief. A more recent state incentive program, the Renewable Energy Fund, was developed to expand the use of renewable resources and lower the cost of energy. Some rural communities have benefited from this program and have integrated renewable energy to their systems, particularly installing Wind-Diesel systems. Both programs have congruent goals of alleviating dependence on high cost fossil fuels to generate electricity as means to foster development and higher quality of life in rural Alaska communities. However, their incentive structure may conflict. This paper provides a review of these two energy subsidy policies with a particular focus on the Power Cost Equalization program and offers potential changes to its structure such that social cost impacts to rural residents are minimized while removing incentive barriers against energy efficiency and integration of renewable energy in rural Alaska communities.
Book Synopsis Effects of Wind Energy Utilization on Long-run Fuel Consumption in Remote Alaska Microgrids by : Laura K. Vaught
Download or read book Effects of Wind Energy Utilization on Long-run Fuel Consumption in Remote Alaska Microgrids written by Laura K. Vaught and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents an empirical analysis of the long-run reduction in diesel fuel consumption driven by wind energy utilization in remote Alaska electrical grids. Models control for other fuel consumption determinants including customer base and transmission and distribution system efficiency. Fourteen rural communities that integrated wind energy into their diesel powered electrical grids are analyzed within a dynamic panel framework using monthly utility data spanning sixteen years, from 2001 to 2017. An auto-regressive distributed lag approach is taken to address cointegration and presence of a unit root in the data. Long-run parameters are estimated for the full dataset as well as for four sub-samples to compare impacts on microgrids with high and low average renewable utilization and with large and small customer bases. Results indicate that fuel consumption is reduced by an estimated 68 gallons on average for each one percent increase in wind energy penetration on the electricity grid. Beyond 30% average penetration, however, additional wind energy generation leads to increased fuel consumption as turbine curtailment methods must be employed to maintain grid stability, indicating that this is a fuel-offset constraint point in low and medium penetration wind-diesel hybrid systems. High penetration-capable wind-diesel systems with energy storage capabilities may allow utilities to increase utilization rates beyond this threshold to capture additional fuel savings and carbon emissions offset.
Book Synopsis FPC News by : United States. Federal Power Commission
Download or read book FPC News written by United States. Federal Power Commission and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alaska Rural Energy Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Task 3.14 - Demonstration of Technologies for Remote Power Generation in Alaska by :
Download or read book Task 3.14 - Demonstration of Technologies for Remote Power Generation in Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In over 165 villages in Alaska, the use of fossil fuel supplies or renewable energy resources could greatly reduce the cost of electricity and space heating. Currently, diesel generators are the most commonly used electrical generating systems; however, high fuel costs result in extremely high electrical power costs reIative to the lower 48 states. The reduction of fuel costs associated with the use of indigenous, locally available fuels running modular, high-efficiency power- generating systems would be extremely beneficial.
Book Synopsis Decentralized Economic Dispatch for Radial Electric Distribution Systems by : Sruthi Davuluri
Download or read book Decentralized Economic Dispatch for Radial Electric Distribution Systems written by Sruthi Davuluri and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity power systems, typically a very slow-moving and traditional industry, is in a state of flux as technological innovations, such as rooftop solar, home energy management systems, and electric vehicles, are being rapidly integrated into electric distribution systems. As the need to decarbonize the electricity sector becomes increasingly important, a distribution system operator could serve a useful purpose by operating distribution systems and acting as the market operator at a sufficiently granular level to potentially improve resiliency, decrease delivery losses, and send appropriate price signals to its customers. Currently, this latter functionality is assumed to be done using centralized economic dispatch. Given a very large number of small customers and their diverse preferences, it would be computationally expensive to implement centralized economic dispatch at the distribution level with perfect information. In this thesis, an alternative algorithm, referred to as decentralized economic dispatch, is introduced which dispatches power for radial electric distribution systems while accounting for heterogeneous demand functions across customers, demonstrating computationally feasibility, and respecting the physical limits of the system. Unlike other approaches proposed in literature, which often take many iterations or do not converge, the algorithm introduced here converges to the same solution as a centralized operator with perfect information, and does so with only two sweeps across the system. A proof-of-concept example on a 46-bus system demonstrates the physical and economic benefits of the distributed algorithm with varying levels of distributed energy resources.
Book Synopsis Cost-Optimal Pathways to 75% Fuel Reduction in Remote Alaskan Villages by :
Download or read book Cost-Optimal Pathways to 75% Fuel Reduction in Remote Alaskan Villages written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are thousands of isolated, diesel-powered microgrids that deliver energy to remote communities around the world at very high energy costs. The Remote Communities Renewable Energy program aims to help these communities reduce their fuel consumption and lower their energy costs through the use of high penetration renewable energy. As part of this program, the REopt modeling platform for energy system integration and optimization was used to analyze cost-optimal pathways toward achieving a combined 75% reduction in diesel fuel and fuel oil consumption in a select Alaskan village. In addition to the existing diesel generator and fuel oil heating technologies, the model was able to select from among wind, battery storage, and dispatchable electric heaters to meet the electrical and thermal loads. The model results indicate that while 75% fuel reduction appears to be technically feasible it may not be economically viable at this time. When the fuel reduction target was relaxed, the results indicate that by installing high-penetration renewable energy, the community could lower their energy costs by 21% while still reducing their fuel consumption by 54%.
Book Synopsis Resource Development and Community Impact Assistance by : Alaska. Municipal and Regional Assistance Division
Download or read book Resource Development and Community Impact Assistance written by Alaska. Municipal and Regional Assistance Division and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Alaska. Dept. of Transportation and Public Facilities. Division of Planning and Programming. Research Section Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :138 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (15 download)
Book Synopsis Rural Alaska Electric Power Quality by : Alaska. Dept. of Transportation and Public Facilities. Division of Planning and Programming. Research Section
Download or read book Rural Alaska Electric Power Quality written by Alaska. Dept. of Transportation and Public Facilities. Division of Planning and Programming. Research Section and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Energy Solutions for Rural Alaska by :
Download or read book Sustainable Energy Solutions for Rural Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The state of Alaska recognizes the challenges these rural communities face and provides financial support via the Power Cost Equalization (PCE) program. The PCE subsidizes the electricity prices paid by customers of these high-cost utilities. The PCE program is designed to spread the benefits of Alaska's natural resources more evenly throughout the state. Yet even with this subsidy, electricity is still much more expensive for these rural customers. And beyond the PCE, other forms of assistance to rural utilities are becoming scarce given the state's current fiscal environment. Nearly 90 percent of Alaska's unrestricted budget funds in recent years have been tied to oil royalties--a sector experiencing significant declines in production and oil prices. Consequently, as Alaska looks to tighten budgets, the challenge of lowering rural utility costs, while encouraging self-sufficiency, has become more urgent. This study examines reliability, capital and strategic planning, management, workforce development, governance, financial performance and system efficiency in the various communities visited by the research team. Using those attributes, a tier system was developed to categorize rural Alaska utilities into Leading and Innovating Systems (Tier I), Advanced Diesel Systems (Tier II), Basic Systems (Tier III), and Underperforming Systems (Tier IV). The tier approach is not meant to label specific utilities, but rather to provide a general set of benchmarks and guideposts for improvement.
Book Synopsis Chefornak Energy Configuration Options by : Antonio C. Jimenez
Download or read book Chefornak Energy Configuration Options written by Antonio C. Jimenez and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
