Renewable Fuel Standard

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309187516
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Fuel Standard by : National Research Council

Download or read book Renewable Fuel Standard written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-29 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, we have come to depend on plentiful and inexpensive energy to support our economy and lifestyles. In recent years, many questions have been raised regarding the sustainability of our current pattern of high consumption of nonrenewable energy and its environmental consequences. Further, because the United States imports about 55 percent of the nation's consumption of crude oil, there are additional concerns about the security of supply. Hence, efforts are being made to find alternatives to our current pathway, including greater energy efficiency and use of energy sources that could lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as nuclear and renewable sources, including solar, wind, geothermal, and biofuels. The United States has a long history with biofuels and the nation is on a course charted to achieve a substantial increase in biofuels. Renewable Fuel Standard evaluates the economic and environmental consequences of increasing biofuels production as a result of Renewable Fuels Standard, as amended by EISA (RFS2). The report describes biofuels produced in 2010 and those projected to be produced and consumed by 2022, reviews model projections and other estimates of the relative impact on the prices of land, and discusses the potential environmental harm and benefits of biofuels production and the barriers to achieving the RFS2 consumption mandate. Policy makers, investors, leaders in the transportation sector, and others with concerns for the environment, economy, and energy security can rely on the recommendations provided in this report.

Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402086539
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems by : D. Pimentel

Download or read book Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems written by D. Pimentel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-04 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The petroleum age began about 150 years ago. Easily available energy has s- ported major advances in agriculture, industry, transportation, and indeed many diverse activities valued by humans. Now world petroleum and natural gas s- plies have peaked and their supplies will slowly decline over the next 40–50 years until depleted. Although small amounts of petroleum and natural gas will remain underground, it will be energetically and economically impossible to extract. In the United States, coal supplies could be available for as long as 40–50 years, depending on how rapidly coal is utilized as a replacement for petroleum and natural gas. Having been comfortable with the security provided by fossil energy, especially petroleum and natural gas, we appear to be slow to recognize the energy crisis in the U. S. and world. Serious energy conservation and research on viable renewable - ergy technologies are needed. Several renewable energy technologies already exist, but sound research is needed to improve their effectiveness and economics. Most of the renewable energy technologies are in uenced by geographic location and face problems of intermittent energy supply and storage. Most renewable technologies require extensive land; a few researchers have even suggested that one-half of all land biomass could be harvested in order to supply the U. S. with 30% of its liquid fuel! Some optimistic investigations of renewable energy have failed to recognize that only 0. 1% of the solar energy is captured annually in the U. S.

Biofuels and Sustainability

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431548955
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofuels and Sustainability by : Kazuhiko Takeuchi

Download or read book Biofuels and Sustainability written by Kazuhiko Takeuchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-13 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents a comprehensive analysis of biofuel use strategies from an interdisciplinary perspective using sustainability science. This interdisciplinary perspective (social science-natural science) means that the strategies and policy options proposed will have significant impacts on the economy and society alike. Biofuels are expected to contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, revitalizing economies in agricultural communities and alleviating poverty. However, despite these anticipated benefits, international organizations such as the FAO, OECD and UN have published reports expressing concerns that biofuel promotion may lead to deforestation, water pollution and water shortages. The impacts of biofuel use are extensive, cross-sectoral and complex, and as such, comprehensive analyses are required in order to assess the extent to which biofuels can contribute to sustainable societies. Applying interdisciplinary sustainability science concepts and methodologies, the book helps to enhance the establishment of a sustainable society as well as the development of appropriate responses to a global need for urgent action on current issues related to biofuels.

Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135978824
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy by : Thomas W. Hertel

Download or read book Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy written by Thomas W. Hertel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-05-07 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land has long been overlooked in economics. That is now changing. A substantial part of the solution to the climate crisis may lie in growing crops for fuel and using trees for storing carbon. This book investigates the potential of these options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, estimates the costs to the economy, and analyses the trade-offs with growing food. The first part presents new databases that are necessary to underpin policy-relevant research in the field of climate change while describing and critically assessing the underlying data, the methodologies used, and the first applications. Together, the new data and the extended models allow for a thorough and comprehensive analysis of a land use and climate policy. This book outlines key empirical and analytical issues associated with modelling land use and land use change in the context of global climate change policy. It places special emphasis on the economy-wide competition for land and other resources, especially; The implications of changes in land use for the cost of climate change mitigation, Land use change as a result of mitigation, and Feedback from changes in the global climate to land use. By offering synthesis and evaluation of a variety of different approaches to this challenging field of research, this book will serve as a key reference for future work in the economic analysis of land use and climate change policy.

The Intended and Unintended Effects of U.S. Agricultural and Biotechnology Policies

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Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226988031
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (269 download)

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Book Synopsis The Intended and Unintended Effects of U.S. Agricultural and Biotechnology Policies by : Joshua S. Graff Zivin

Download or read book The Intended and Unintended Effects of U.S. Agricultural and Biotechnology Policies written by Joshua S. Graff Zivin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using economic models and empirical analysis, this volume examines a wide range of agricultural and biofuel policy issues and their effects on American agricultural and related agrarian insurance markets. Beginning with a look at the distribution of funds by insurance programs—created to support farmers but often benefiting crop processors instead—the book then examines the demand for biofuel and the effects of biofuel policies on agricultural price uncertainty. Also discussed are genetically engineered crops, which are assuming an increasingly important role in arbitrating tensions between energy production, environmental protection, and the global food supply. Other contributions discuss the major effects of genetic engineering on worldwide food markets. By addressing some of the most challenging topics at the intersection of agriculture and biotechnology, this volume informs crucial debates.

International Energy Outlook

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis International Energy Outlook by :

Download or read book International Energy Outlook written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Economics and National Security

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Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437980805
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Economics and National Security by : Dick K. Nanto

Download or read book Economics and National Security written by Dick K. Nanto and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) National Security (NS) and the Congressional Interest; 21st Century Challenges to NS; (2) The Role of the Economy in U.S. NS; Macroecon. and Microecon. Issues in NS; (3) Economic Growth and Broad Conceptions of NS: Human Capital; Research, Innovation, Energy, and Space; (4) Globalization, Trade, Finance, and the G-20; Instability in the Global Economy; Savings and Exports; Boosting Domestic Demand Abroad; Open Foreign Markets to U.S. Products and Services; Build Cooperation with International Partners; Deterring Threats to the International Financial System; (5) Democracy, Human Rights, and Development Aid; Sustainable Development. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand publication.

A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030930783X
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System by : National Research Council

Download or read book A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we produce and consume food has a bigger impact on Americans' well-being than any other human activity. The food industry is the largest sector of our economy; food touches everything from our health to the environment, climate change, economic inequality, and the federal budget. From the earliest developments of agriculture, a major goal has been to attain sufficient foods that provide the energy and the nutrients needed for a healthy, active life. Over time, food production, processing, marketing, and consumption have evolved and become highly complex. The challenges of improving the food system in the 21st century will require systemic approaches that take full account of social, economic, ecological, and evolutionary factors. Policy or business interventions involving a segment of the food system often have consequences beyond the original issue the intervention was meant to address. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System develops an analytical framework for assessing effects associated with the ways in which food is grown, processed, distributed, marketed, retailed, and consumed in the United States. The framework will allow users to recognize effects across the full food system, consider all domains and dimensions of effects, account for systems dynamics and complexities, and choose appropriate methods for analysis. This report provides example applications of the framework based on complex questions that are currently under debate: consumption of a healthy and safe diet, food security, animal welfare, and preserving the environment and its resources. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System describes the U.S. food system and provides a brief history of its evolution into the current system. This report identifies some of the real and potential implications of the current system in terms of its health, environmental, and socioeconomic effects along with a sense for the complexities of the system, potential metrics, and some of the data needs that are required to assess the effects. The overview of the food system and the framework described in this report will be an essential resource for decision makers, researchers, and others to examine the possible impacts of alternative policies or agricultural or food processing practices.

Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security ?

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Author :
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security ? by : National Defense University (U S )

Download or read book Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security ? written by National Defense University (U S ) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2011-12-27 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On August 24-25, 2010, the National Defense University held a conference titled “Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security?” to explore the economic element of national power. This special collection of selected papers from the conference represents the view of several keynote speakers and participants in six panel discussions. It explores the complexity surrounding this subject and examines the major elements that, interacting as a system, define the economic component of national security.

Rural Wealth Creation

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135121966
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Rural Wealth Creation by : John L. Pender

Download or read book Rural Wealth Creation written by John L. Pender and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the role of wealth in achieving sustainable rural economic development. The authors define wealth as all assets net of liabilities that can contribute to well-being, and they provide examples of many forms of capital – physical, financial, human, natural, social, and others. They propose a conceptual framework for rural wealth creation that considers how multiple forms of wealth provide opportunities for rural development, and how development strategies affect the dynamics of wealth. They also provide a new accounting framework for measuring wealth stocks and flows. These conceptual frameworks are employed in case study chapters on measuring rural wealth and on rural wealth creation strategies. Rural Wealth Creation makes numerous contributions to research on sustainable rural development. Important distinctions are drawn to help guide wealth measurement, such as the difference between the wealth located within a region and the wealth owned by residents of a region, and privately owned versus publicly owned wealth. Case study chapters illustrate these distinctions and demonstrate how different forms of wealth can be measured. Several key hypotheses are proposed about the process of rural wealth creation, and these are investigated by case study chapters assessing common rural development strategies, such as promoting rural energy industries and amenity-based development. Based on these case studies, a typology of rural wealth creation strategies is proposed and an approach to mapping the potential of such strategies in different contexts is demonstrated. This book will be relevant to students, researchers, and policy makers looking at rural community development, sustainable economic development, and wealth measurement.

Sugarcane Bioethanol

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788521205302
Total Pages : 994 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Sugarcane Bioethanol by : Luís Augusto Barbosa Cortez

Download or read book Sugarcane Bioethanol written by Luís Augusto Barbosa Cortez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Brazil, sugarcane ethanol supplied, in 2009, 17.6 % of the energy for land transportation (excluding railroads)and about 55% of the total energy supplied by liquid fuel for Otto cycle engines. Besides the lower production costs ethanol produced from sugarcane in Brazil has another important advantage: in Central-South Brazil only 1 unit of fossil energy is used for each 8-9 units of energy produced by ethanol from sugarcane. Carbon emissions reduction also benefits from sugarcane ethanol: for each cubic meter of ethanol used as fuel, there is net saving of around 2 t CO2 not emitted to the atmosphere while, at the same time, no SO2 is emitted. Sugarcane was introduced in Brazil in 1532. The "Brazilian model" of producing concomitantly sugar and ethanol, brought important technical benefits and made possible an outstanding increase in the competitiveness in the international market for sugar and ethanol. Today about 50% of the sucrose of sugarcane produced in the country is directed to the production of sugar while another half is used to produce Ethanol. Industrial and academic R&D has helped to increase the productivity of ethanol steadily over the past 35 years, at a rate of 3.2% per year. Productivity gains implied savings of planted area by a factor of 2.6. In 2009/2010 the area planted with sugarcane for Ethanol production was 4.2 Mha, amounting to 1% of the total arable land available in Brazil. About 60% of the Ethanol produced in Brazil comes from the State of Sao Paulo, where the productivity is the highest (around 86 t/ha.year). Most of the recent expansion is happening in the center-west region of the country, in degraded pasture lands. The FAPESP Program for Research on Bioenergy, BIOEN, aims at articulating public and private R&D, using academic and industrial laboratories to advance and apply knowledge in fields related to ethanol production in Brazil. The BIOEN Program has a solid core for supporting academic exploratory research activities that will generate new knowledge and form scientists and professionals essential for advancing industry capacity in ethanol related technologies. On top of this, BIOEN includes partnerships with industry for cooperative R&D activities between industrial and academic laboratories, which are to be co-funded by FAPESP and industry.Federal agencies, such as CNPq, will also co-fund the research.

Fuel from Farms

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Fuel from Farms by : Solar Energy Information Data Bank (U.S.)

Download or read book Fuel from Farms written by Solar Energy Information Data Bank (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision to produce; Markets and uses; Market assessment; Prodution potential; Equipment selection; Financial requirements; Decision and planning workssheets; Basic ethanol production; Preparation of feedstocks, Fermentation; Distillation; Types of feedstocks; Coproduct yields; Agronomic considerations; Plant design; Overall plant considerations; Process control; Representative ethanol plant; Maintenance checklist; Business plan; Analysis of financial requirements; Organizational form; Financing; Case study; Summary of legislation; Bureau of alcohol, tabacco, and firearms permit information; Enviromental considerations.

Energy Victory

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Publisher : Prometheus Books
ISBN 13 : 1615920072
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (159 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Victory by : Robert Zubrin

Download or read book Energy Victory written by Robert Zubrin and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2010-09-09 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this compelling argument for a new direction in U.S. energy policy, a world-renowned engineer and the bestselling author of "The Case for Mars" lays out a bold plan for breaking the economic stranglehold that the OPEC oil cartel has on the world. With a new Preface and Postscript by the author.

Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis by :

Download or read book Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Economic Analysis of U.S. Ethanol Expansion Issues

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Analysis of U.S. Ethanol Expansion Issues by : Malika Chaudhuri

Download or read book Economic Analysis of U.S. Ethanol Expansion Issues written by Malika Chaudhuri and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Expanding Biofuel Production and the Transition to Advanced Biofuels

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030914714X
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Expanding Biofuel Production and the Transition to Advanced Biofuels by : National Research Council

Download or read book Expanding Biofuel Production and the Transition to Advanced Biofuels written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-04-30 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While energy prices, energy security, and climate change are front and center in the national media, these issues are often framed to the exclusion of the broader issue of sustainability-ensuring that the production and use of biofuels do not compromise the needs of future generations by recognizing the need to protect life-support systems, promote economic growth, and improve societal welfare. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of biofuel production and use on water quality and quantity, soils, wildlife habitat and biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, public health, and the economic viability of rural communities.

The American Energy Initiative, Part 6: Challenges and Opportunities, ... Serial No. 112-45, May 5, 2011, 112-1 Hearing, *

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The American Energy Initiative, Part 6: Challenges and Opportunities, ... Serial No. 112-45, May 5, 2011, 112-1 Hearing, * by :

Download or read book The American Energy Initiative, Part 6: Challenges and Opportunities, ... Serial No. 112-45, May 5, 2011, 112-1 Hearing, * written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: