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Early Pliocene Ross Sea Paleoclimate And A New Application Of The Diatom Oxygen Isotope Proxy
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Book Synopsis Early Pliocene Ross Sea Paleoclimate and a New Application of the Diatom Oxygen Isotope Proxy by : Hal W. Hackett
Download or read book Early Pliocene Ross Sea Paleoclimate and a New Application of the Diatom Oxygen Isotope Proxy written by Hal W. Hackett and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxygen isotope measurements ([delta]18O) provide valuable insight into climate conditions. These data are advantageous as paleoclimate proxies, but records are sparse in high latitude waters, where calcareous microfossils are poorly preserved in marine sediments. Over glacial timescales, high latitude regions likely have the widest variability in terms of the [delta]18O values of marine waters; therefore, the paucity of data in these regions greatly hinders our ability to reconstruct global climatic and environmental change. This research is motivated to investigate Southern Ocean diatoms as a way to begin filling the gap in our knowledge. Diatoms are a cosmopolitan group of siliceous phytoplankton with characteristic ecological affinities. Diatom silica is increasingly being analyzed as a [delta]18O archive, and has the potential to provide comparable data to [delta]18O variations recorded by benthic foraminifera, but to date, studies have focused on Holocene sediments. This thesis presents oxygen isotope values from Early Pliocene Ross Sea diatoms, assessment of purification procedures, and implications for paleoclimate and the history of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. ANDRILL AND-1B is a 13 Ma record from the Antarctic Geologic Drilling Project in the Ross Sea, which provides Lower to Mid Pliocene diatomite units. The context provided by age models and paleoenvironmental studies, along with more geologically recent Southern Ocean diatom [delta]18O measurements, make AND-1B an ideal dataset for further exploring the use of diatom [delta]18O values as a record of changes in salinity and temperature in high latitude seawater. Samples were purified; geochemically and mineralogically assessed using x-ray diffraction (e.g. identification of amorphous opal-A vs. mineral contamination) and x-ray fluorescence (e.g. elemental quantification of clay contamination); then analyzed for [delta]18O values using a step-wise fluorination (SWF) -- CO2 laser heating technique and a Thermo MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Correction methods based on different assumptions place constraints on true diatom [delta]18O values, with margins of error dependent on final sample purity. The results are intermediate between Holocene Antarctic diatom [delta]18O studies, indicating that diatom [delta]18O values can remain largely or entirely unaltered for at least 4.5 Ma. Interpreting these values through the current paleotemperature model, with the contingent paleoenvironmental constraints afforded by AND-1B, suggests water [delta]18O values offset about -10% relative to today's ocean. Stacked benthic foraminifera [delta]18O values for the Pliocene suggest an ocean average less than 1% different than the present; therefore, this points to a strong component of glacial water in a warmer, fresher Pliocene Ross Sea.
Book Synopsis Eccentricity forcing of Pliocene-Early Pliocene climate revealed in a marine oxygen-isotope record by : S.C. Clemens
Download or read book Eccentricity forcing of Pliocene-Early Pliocene climate revealed in a marine oxygen-isotope record written by S.C. Clemens and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Paleoclimatic Implications of Oxygen Isotope and Sedimentological Study of Late Miocene and Early Pliocene Sediments from the South Atlantic, Western Indian Ocean, and the Gulf of Aden by : Kathryn M. Scanlon
Download or read book Paleoclimatic Implications of Oxygen Isotope and Sedimentological Study of Late Miocene and Early Pliocene Sediments from the South Atlantic, Western Indian Ocean, and the Gulf of Aden written by Kathryn M. Scanlon and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Vegetation of Antarctica through Geological Time by : David J. Cantrill
Download or read book The Vegetation of Antarctica through Geological Time written by David J. Cantrill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-22 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fossil history of plant life in Antarctica is central to our understanding of the evolution of vegetation through geological time and also plays a key role in reconstructing past configurations of the continents and associated climatic conditions. This book provides the only detailed overview of the development of Antarctic vegetation from the Devonian period to the present day, presenting Earth scientists with valuable insights into the break up of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. Details of specific floras and ecosystems are provided within the context of changing geological, geographical and environmental conditions, alongside comparisons with contemporaneous and modern ecosystems. The authors demonstrate how palaeobotany contributes to our understanding of the paleoenvironmental changes in the southern hemisphere during this period of Earth history. The book is a complete and up-to-date reference for researchers and students in Antarctic paleobotany and terrestrial paleoecology.
Download or read book Sea Ice written by David N. Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 20 years the study of the frozen Arctic and Southern Oceans and sub-arctic seas has progressed at a remarkable pace. This third edition of Sea Ice gives insight into the very latest understanding of the how sea ice is formed, how we measure (and model) its extent, the biology that lives within and associated with sea ice and the effect of climate change on its distribution. How sea ice influences the oceanography of underlying waters and the influences that sea ice has on humans living in Arctic regions are also discussed. Featuring twelve new chapters, this edition follows two previous editions (2001 and 2010), and the need for this latest update exhibits just how rapidly the science of sea ice is developing. The 27 chapters are written by a team of more than 50 of the worlds’ leading experts in their fields. These combine to make the book the most comprehensive introduction to the physics, chemistry, biology and geology of sea ice that there is. This third edition of Sea Ice will be a key resource for all policy makers, researchers and students who work with the frozen oceans and seas.
Book Synopsis Antarctic Climate Evolution by : Fabio Florindo
Download or read book Antarctic Climate Evolution written by Fabio Florindo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-10-10 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antarctic Climate Evolution is the first book dedicated to furthering knowledge on the evolution of the world’s largest ice sheet over its ~34 million year history. This volume provides the latest information on subjects ranging from terrestrial and marine geology to sedimentology and glacier geophysics. An overview of Antarctic climate change, analyzing historical, present-day and future developments Contributions from leading experts and scholars from around the world Informs and updates climate change scientists and experts in related areas of study
Author :Geological Society of London Publisher :Geological Society of London ISBN 13 :9781862391819 Total Pages :342 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (918 download)
Book Synopsis Early-Middle Pleistocene Transitions by : Geological Society of London
Download or read book Early-Middle Pleistocene Transitions written by Geological Society of London and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2005 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Early-Middle Pleistocene transition (around 1.2 to 0.5 Ma) marks a profound shift in Earth's climate state. Low-amplitude 41 ka climate cycles, dominating the earlier part of the Pleistocene, gave way progressively to a 100 ka rhythm of increased amplitude that characterizes our present glacial-interglacial world. This volume assesses the biotic and physical response to this transition both on land and in the oceans: indeed it examines the very nature of Quaternary climate change. Milankovitch theory, palaeoceanography using isotopes and microfossils, marine organic geochemistry, tephrochronology, the record of loess and soil deposition, terrestrial vegetational change, and the migration and evolution of hominins as well as other large and small mammals, are all considered. These themes combine to explore the very origins of our present biota.
Book Synopsis A Memory of Ice by : Elizabeth Truswell
Download or read book A Memory of Ice written by Elizabeth Truswell and published by ANU Press. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the southern summer of 1972/73, the Glomar Challenger was the first vessel of the international Deep Sea Drilling Project to venture into the seas surrounding Antarctica, confronting severe weather and ever-present icebergs. A Memory of Ice presents the science and the excitement of that voyage in a manner readable for non-scientists. Woven into the modern story is the history of early explorers, scientists and navigators who had gone before into the Southern Ocean. The departure of the Glomar Challenger from Fremantle took place 100 years after the HMS Challenger weighed anchor from Portsmouth, England, at the start of its four-year voyage, sampling and dredging the world’s oceans. Sailing south, the Glomar Challenger crossed the path of James Cook’s HMS Resolution, then on its circumnavigation of Antarctica in search of the Great South Land. Encounters with Lieutenant Charles Wilkes of the US Exploring Expedition and Douglas Mawson of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition followed. In the Ross Sea, the voyages of the HMS Erebus and HMS Terror under James Clark Ross, with the young Joseph Hooker as botanist, were ever present. The story of the Glomar Challenger’s iconic voyage is largely told through the diaries of the author, then a young scientist experiencing science at sea for the first time. It weaves together the physical history of Antarctica with how we have come to our current knowledge of the polar continent. This is an attractive, lavishly illustrated and curiosity-satisfying read for the general public as well as for scholars of science.
Book Synopsis Long-term Environmental Change in Arctic and Antarctic Lakes by : Reinhard Pienitz
Download or read book Long-term Environmental Change in Arctic and Antarctic Lakes written by Reinhard Pienitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-08 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns about the effects of global climate change have focused attention on the vulnerability of circumpolar regions. This book offers a synthesis of the spectrum of techniques available for generating long-term environmental records from circumpolar lakes.
Book Synopsis Climate Time Series Analysis by : Manfred Mudelsee
Download or read book Climate Time Series Analysis written by Manfred Mudelsee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate is a paradigm of a complex system. Analysing climate data is an exciting challenge, which is increased by non-normal distributional shape, serial dependence, uneven spacing and timescale uncertainties. This book presents bootstrap resampling as a computing-intensive method able to meet the challenge. It shows the bootstrap to perform reliably in the most important statistical estimation techniques: regression, spectral analysis, extreme values and correlation. This book is written for climatologists and applied statisticians. It explains step by step the bootstrap algorithms (including novel adaptions) and methods for confidence interval construction. It tests the accuracy of the algorithms by means of Monte Carlo experiments. It analyses a large array of climate time series, giving a detailed account on the data and the associated climatological questions. This makes the book self-contained for graduate students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand by : James Shulmeister
Download or read book Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand written by James Shulmeister and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-16 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together an overview of the recent geological history, active earth and biological processes and human settlement of New Zealand. Topics covered include the very active neotectonic and volcanic setting. Mountain geomorphic processes are examined and new ideas about landsliding are highlighted. The exceptional sedimentary archives of the Whanganui Basin are also presented. As one of two land masses that extend into the southern mid-latitudes, New Zealand is ideally located to investigate changes in Southern Ocean climate. Related to this, mountain glaciation in New Zealand is a focus in global climate change debates. New Zealand also has a unique biota due to its long isolation and is the last major land mass to be settled by people. Advances in DNA technologies have revolutionised our understanding of the histories and processes involved. The book provides a comprehensive review of existing work and highlights new ideas and major debates across all these fields.
Book Synopsis Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change by : Mark B. Bush
Download or read book Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change written by Mark B. Bush and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this book is to provide a current overview of the impacts of climate change on tropical forests, to investigate past, present, and future climatic influences on the ecosystems with the highest biodiversity on the planet.Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change will be the first book to examine how tropical rain forest ecology is altered by climate change, rather than simply seeing how plant communities were altered. Shifting the emphasis onto ecological processes e.g. how diversity is structured by climate and the subsequent impact on tropical forest ecology, provides the reader with a more comprehensive coverage. A major theme of this book that emerges progressively is the interaction between humans, climate and forest ecology. While numerous books have appeared dealing with forest fragmentation and conservation, none have explicitly explored the long term occupation of tropical systems, the influence of fire and the future climatic effects of deforestation, coupled with anthropogenic emissions. Incorporating modelling of past and future systems paves the way for a discussion of conservation from a climatic perspective, rather than the usual plea to stop logging.
Book Synopsis Earth and Life Processes Discovered from Subseafloor Environments by :
Download or read book Earth and Life Processes Discovered from Subseafloor Environments written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP: 2000-2013) has provided crucial records of past and present processes and interactions within and between the biosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere. Research in IODP encompasses a wide range of fundamental and applied issues that affect society, such as global climate change, biodiversity, the origin of life, natural hazards involving the study of earthquakes processes, and the internal structure and dynamics of our planet. This compilation of major findings from the 2003-2013/14 phase of IODP, focusing on scientific results rather than description of data acquisition and early inferences, provides invaluable information. Anyone wondering what scientific drilling can achieve will gain quick understanding of the range of questions that are uniquely addressed with this methodology and the ways these data dovetail with other regional information. The excitement of breakthrough findings that occasionally accompanies a drilling project will be evident. IODP obtained unique records from the global ocean basins during the 2003-2013 program phase. This book highlights findings in three theme areas: Subseafloor life and the marine biosphere; Earth's changing environments; and Dynamics of the solid Earth. Each core or borehole log provides a window revealing insights that no other data achieve. Presents syntheses of key results from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Encompasses a wide range of issues that affect society Describes the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program and its expeditions
Book Synopsis Ecology and Palaeoecology of Benthic Foraminifera by : John W. Murray
Download or read book Ecology and Palaeoecology of Benthic Foraminifera written by John W. Murray and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an important and authoritative review of foraminiferal ecology, the first for over a decade. Professor Murray relates ecological data on living forms of foraminifera to the palaeoecology of fossil species, and defines in detail areas of global distribution.
Author :Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :9781009157971 Total Pages :755 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (579 download)
Book Synopsis The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Book Synopsis Isotopes in Palaeoenvironmental Research by : Melanie J. Leng
Download or read book Isotopes in Palaeoenvironmental Research written by Melanie J. Leng and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-09 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thorough reference shows how stable isotopes can be applied to understanding the palaeoenvironment, with chapters on the interpretation of isotopes in water, tree rings, bones and teeth, lake sediments, speleothems and marine sediments. The book offers detailed advice on calibration, including a multi-proxy approach, using isotope signals from different materials or combined with other palaeoenvironmental techniques, to enhance the reliability of readings.
Book Synopsis The Geologic Time Scale 2012 by : Felix Gradstein
Download or read book The Geologic Time Scale 2012 written by Felix Gradstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-09-01 with total page 1175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Geologic Time Scale 2012, winner of a 2012 PROSE Award Honorable Mention for Best Multi-volume Reference in Science from the Association of American Publishers, is the framework for deciphering the history of our planet Earth. The authors have been at the forefront of chronostratigraphic research and initiatives to create an international geologic time scale for many years, and the charts in this book present the most up-to-date, international standard, as ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Union of Geological Sciences. This 2012 geologic time scale is an enhanced, improved and expanded version of the GTS2004, including chapters on planetary scales, the Cryogenian-Ediacaran periods/systems, a prehistory scale of human development, a survey of sequence stratigraphy, and an extensive compilation of stable-isotope chemostratigraphy. This book is an essential reference for all geoscientists, including researchers, students, and petroleum and mining professionals. The presentation is non-technical and illustrated with numerous colour charts, maps and photographs. The book also includes a detachable wall chart of the complete time scale for use as a handy reference in the office, laboratory or field. The most detailed international geologic time scale available that contextualizes information in one single reference for quick desktop access Gives insights in the construction, strengths, and limitations of the geological time scale that greatly enhances its function and its utility Aids understanding by combining with the mathematical and statistical methods to scaled composites of global succession of events Meets the needs of a range of users at various points in the workflow (researchers extracting linear time from rock records, students recognizing the geologic stage by their content)
