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Dynamics Of Income Inequality And People Migration
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Book Synopsis Dynamics of Income Inequality and People Migration by : Hizkia Tasik
Download or read book Dynamics of Income Inequality and People Migration written by Hizkia Tasik and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been large numbers of literatures studying the relationships between income inequality and public policy or public policy and people migration, but few studies place focus on the relationship between income inequality and people migration. Those which discuss this relationships more stress on the effects of inequality on segregation. Black, Natali and Skinner (2005) discuss explicitly the mutual causality between inequality and migration at international level. Their paper, however, does not intend to comprehensively evaluate the relations but only seeks to draw lessons from case studies. Instead, using data of all U.S. counties except those in Hawaii and Virginia states from 1970 to 2000, this paper found that higher income inequality leads to higher in-migration. Generous transfer program in a county is implicitly found to be one of the driving factors.
Book Synopsis Environmental Migration and Social Inequality by : Robert McLeman
Download or read book Environmental Migration and Social Inequality written by Robert McLeman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents contributions from leading international scholars on how environmental migration is both a cause and an outcome of social and economic inequality. It describes recent theoretical, methodological, empirical, and legal developments in the dynamic field of environmental migration research, and includes original research on environmental migration in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, China, Ghana, Haiti, Mexico, and Turkey. The authors consider the implications of sea level rise for small island states and discuss translocality, gender relations, social remittances, and other concepts important for understanding how vulnerability to environmental change leads to mobility, migration, and the creation of immobile, trapped populations. Reflecting leading-edge developments, this book appeals to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and policymakers.
Book Synopsis Stranded! How Rising Inequality Suppressed US Migration and Hurt Those Left Behind by : Mr.Tamim Bayoumi
Download or read book Stranded! How Rising Inequality Suppressed US Migration and Hurt Those Left Behind written by Mr.Tamim Bayoumi and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-06-03 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using bilateral data on migration across US metro areas, we find strong evidence that increasing house price and income inequality has reduced long distance migration, the type most linked to jobs. For those migrating uphill, from a less to a more prosperous location, lower mobility is driven by increasing house price inequlity, as the disincentives from higher house prices dominate the incentives from higher earnings. By contrast, increasing income inequality drives the fall in downhill migration as the disincentives from lower earnings dominate the incentives from lower house prices. The model underlines the plight of those trapped in decaying metro areas—those “left behind”.
Book Synopsis Immigration, Income Inequality, and Population Dynamics by : Luis Alcalá
Download or read book Immigration, Income Inequality, and Population Dynamics written by Luis Alcalá and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Poverty, Inequality and Migration in Latin America by : Stephan Klasen
Download or read book Poverty, Inequality and Migration in Latin America written by Stephan Klasen and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2008 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groups the papers under the headings "Growth and inequality", "Poverty", and "Trade, migration and income convergence". Looks at the consequences of high economic instability with recurrent economic and financial crises, particularly in the 1990s. Studies poverty determinants, and the role of trade and migration in generating, sustaining or reducing inequalities between and within the countries examined.
Book Synopsis Essays on the Economic, Demographic, and Social Dynamics of Income Inequality in the United States by : Jaclyn Butler
Download or read book Essays on the Economic, Demographic, and Social Dynamics of Income Inequality in the United States written by Jaclyn Butler and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the economic, demographic, and social dynamics of income inequality in the United States. Income inequality is high, and rising, in the United States. Given that income inequality is associated with adverse societal outcomes, it is important to understand the causes and consequences of income inequality. The first chapter examines the effects of manufacturing employment on inequality in U.S. counties, and builds on prior research by disaggregating this sector into the durable and non-durable subsectors. I find that the effects of each subsector vary over time (1990 to 2016) and by county rural-urban status. The protective effects of both durable and nondurable manufacturing have weakened over time in both rural and urban counties, but disproportionately so in urban counties. By the end of the study period, the protective effect of both subsectors was only detected in rural counties. The second chapter examines the effects of population aging on income inequality in U.S. commuting zones and examines whether these effects vary between the mechanisms of aging: aging-in-place and retirement migration. Income inequality is measured as change in the overall level of income inequality and as the shifting shape of the income distribution from 2000 to 2010. I find evidence that population aging's effect on income inequality varies by the aging mechanism. Population aging in the context of aging-in-place decreases income shares in the middle of the distribution. Population aging in the context of retirement migration increases the overall level of income inequality, decreases income shares at the bottom of the distribution, and increases income shares at the top of the distribution. The third chapter examines whether and how people living and working in a high-inequality context perceive the economic and social dynamics of income inequality. Using a case study approach, this chapter uses interview data from 12 study participants to understand the perceptions, causes, and consequences of income inequality in Hancock County, Maine. The findings indicate that participants accurately perceive that income inequality is high, and increasing, in Hancock County. Participants discussed the community's status as a New England summer colony and major tourist destination, which concentrates employment growth in the lower-wage and seasonal service industry. Participants also expressed concern that the housing affordability crisis and the AirBnB economy have hollowed out the sense of community among working- and family-aged residents with lower to moderate incomes. These three papers provide unique insight into the economic, demographic, and social dynamics of income inequality. Their distinctive contributions include analysis of the underlying components of two major economic and demographic processes in the United States (deindustrialization and population aging), as well as qualitative insight into the social dynamics of income inequality in a high-inequality context.
Book Synopsis Inequality of Opportunity, Inequality of Income and Economic Growth by : Mr.Shekhar Aiyar
Download or read book Inequality of Opportunity, Inequality of Income and Economic Growth written by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We posit that the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is mediated by the level of equality of opportunity, which we identify with intergenerational mobility. In economies characterized by intergenerational rigidities, an increase in income inequality has persistent effects—for example by hindering human capital accumulation— thereby retarding future growth disproportionately. We use several recently developed internationally comparable measures of intergenerational mobility to confirm that the negative impact of income inequality on growth is higher the lower is intergenerational mobility. Our results suggest that omitting intergenerational mobility leads to misspecification, shedding light on why the empirical literature on income inequality and growth has been so inconclusive.
Book Synopsis Rural-Urban Migration and Dynamics of Income Distribution in China by : Yong Liu
Download or read book Rural-Urban Migration and Dynamics of Income Distribution in China written by Yong Liu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extending the income dynamics approach in Quah (2003), the present paper studies the enlarging income inequality in China over the past three decades from the viewpoint of rural-urban migration and economic transition. We establish non-parametric estimations of rural and urban income distribution functions in China, and aggregate a population-weighted, nationwide income distribution function taking into account rural-urban differences in technological progress and price indexes. We calculate 12 inequality indexes through non-parametric estimation to overcome the biases in existing parametric estimation and, therefore, provide more accurate measurement of income inequality. Policy implications have been drawn based on our research.
Book Synopsis Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality by : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Book Synopsis Immigration, Income Inequality and Stochastic Dominance by : Mehmet Erdem Yaya
Download or read book Immigration, Income Inequality and Stochastic Dominance written by Mehmet Erdem Yaya and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Income inequality and immigration are two important issues with welfare and policy implications which have long been debated across the political spectrum. This dissertation ventures to shed light on some of the important questions related to income inequality and immigration, such as: What is the current level of inequality among immigrant cohorts; what are the determinants of income inequality of immigrants in the United States; how does the income inequality of immigrants change over time; and what is the impact of immigration on the income distribution of the United States? A cross-sectional regression analysis indicates that the variation in income inequality among immigrant cohorts can be explained by a wide range of variables such as median income, education, age, gender, deprivation, geographical dummies, and visa status. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates that immigrant cohorts exhibit substantial progression in their income inequality over time. The results suggest that the initial level of inequality of recent immigrants in comparison to the U.S. is the most important factor explaining the variation in inequality dynamics. More precisely, immigrant cohorts that have inequality that is remarkably different than the host country's inequality exhibit a faster improvement in equality and they follow a more rapid convergence path to the host country's inequality. Finally, the counterfactual effects of immigrants are investigated by decomposing the surveyed sample of more than three million respondents into natives and immigrants. Income inequality of the population is then calculated in the presence and in the absence of each immigrant cohort. The difference between these figures is presented as the distributional effects of immigrants on U.S. income inequality. The results are striking. Even after controlling for the size of the immigrant cohorts, several other factors are found to be significant for the counterfactual effects of immigrants. The immigrant cohorts that have very low and very high income compared to the U.S. average income have disequalizing effects. The findings of this dissertation provide essential information to policymakers. Based on these findings, immigrants can better be evaluated and immigration policy can be redesigned.
Book Synopsis Beyond Smoke and Mirrors by : Douglas S. Massey
Download or read book Beyond Smoke and Mirrors written by Douglas S. Massey and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2002-03-14 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migration between Mexico and the United States is part of a historical process of increasing North American integration. This process acquired new momentum with the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994, which lowered barriers to the movement of goods, capital, services, and information. But rather than include labor in this new regime, the United States continues to resist the integration of the labor markets of the two countries. Instead of easing restrictions on Mexican labor, the United States has militarized its border and adopted restrictive new policies of immigrant disenfranchisement. Beyond Smoke and Mirrors examines the devastating impact of these immigration policies on the social and economic fabric of the Mexico and the United States, and calls for a sweeping reform of the current system. Beyond Smoke and Mirrors shows how U.S. immigration policies enacted between 1986–1996—largely for symbolic domestic political purposes—harm the interests of Mexico, the United States, and the people who migrate between them. The costs have been high. The book documents how the massive expansion of border enforcement has wasted billions of dollars and hundreds of lives, yet has not deterred increasing numbers of undocumented immigrants from heading north. The authors also show how the new policies unleashed a host of unintended consequences: a shift away from seasonal, circular migration toward permanent settlement; the creation of a black market for Mexican labor; the transformation of Mexican immigration from a regional phenomenon into a broad social movement touching every region of the country; and even the lowering of wages for legal U.S. residents. What had been a relatively open and benign labor process before 1986 was transformed into an exploitative underground system of labor coercion, one that lowered wages and working conditions of undocumented migrants, legal immigrants, and American citizens alike. Beyond Smoke and Mirrors offers specific proposals for repairing the damage. Rather than denying the reality of labor migration, the authors recommend regularizing it and working to manage it so as to promote economic development in Mexico, minimize costs and disruptions for the United States, and maximize benefits for all concerned. This book provides an essential "user's manual" for readers seeking a historical, theoretical, and substantive understanding of how U.S. policy on Mexican immigration evolved to its current dysfunctional state, as well as how it might be fixed.
Book Synopsis Immigration and Rising Income Inequality by : Jack Martin
Download or read book Immigration and Rising Income Inequality written by Jack Martin and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Migration and Inequality by : Tanja Bastia
Download or read book Migration and Inequality written by Tanja Bastia and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ‘migration-development’ nexus has emerged as an important area of both research and policy over the last ten years. However, most of the interest has focused on the potential that migration holds for poverty alleviation. Relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between migration and inequality, particularly on inequality as a consequence of migration. This is unfortunate, given that inequality is emerging as an important area of inquiry within development studies. This edited collection explores the relationship between migration and inequality in Africa, Asia and Latin America by taking into account economic and social inequalities. While the focus on inequality as opposed to poverty is in itself original, the book offers additional points of interest. First, it combines chapters on internal and international migration, thereby challenging the current focus in the migration literature that focuses almost exclusively on cross-border migration. Internal migration greatly outnumbers cross-border moves. Yet policy-makers as well as most studies focus on cross-border international migration. We are only just beginning to unravel the relationship between internal and cross-border migration. Second, the theme of inequality complements the existing focus in the migration-development nexus on issues of poverty. Third, the chapters focus on both economic and social inequalities, often combining an analysis of different types of inequalities. The book also covers governance and migrants’ rights; gender and intersectionality; and health. The chapters in this edited volume make an original contribution to debates on the migration-development nexus as well as the literature on inequality, which often tends to focus on economic measurements of inequality at the expense of including a thorough analysis of social inequality.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Economic Growth, Inequality and Migration by : Amnon Levy
Download or read book Economic Growth, Inequality and Migration written by Amnon Levy and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Levy (economics, U. of Wollongong, Australia) and Faria (social sciences, U. of Texas, US) present 18 case studies exploring the interlinkages between economic growth, inequality, and migration. Each of the studies is concerned with at least two of the three phenomena, and the papers are grouped according to which of the three they most concentrate on. Studies address the relation between government policies and income distribution; issues of unemployment, assimilation, expected returns, and risks as they relate to migration; and the impact of trade on growth. Case studies explore issues on both regional and national bases. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Moving for Prosperity by : World Bank
Download or read book Moving for Prosperity written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migration presents a stark policy dilemma. Research repeatedly confirms that migrants, their families back home, and the countries that welcome them experience large economic and social gains. Easing immigration restrictions is one of the most effective tools for ending poverty and sharing prosperity across the globe. Yet, we see widespread opposition in destination countries, where migrants are depicted as the primary cause of many of their economic problems, from high unemployment to declining social services. Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets addresses this dilemma. In addition to providing comprehensive data and empirical analysis of migration patterns and their impact, the report argues for a series of policies that work with, rather than against, labor market forces. Policy makers should aim to ease short-run dislocations and adjustment costs so that the substantial long-term benefits are shared more evenly. Only then can we avoid draconian migration restrictions that will hurt everybody. Moving for Prosperity aims to inform and stimulate policy debate, facilitate further research, and identify prominent knowledge gaps. It demonstrates why existing income gaps, demographic differences, and rapidly declining transportation costs mean that global mobility will continue to be a key feature of our lives for generations to come. Its audience includes anyone interested in one of the most controversial policy debates of our time.
Book Synopsis International Comparisons of Educational Attainment by :
Download or read book International Comparisons of Educational Attainment written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
