Dynamic Modeling And Controls Of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

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Dynamic Modeling and Controls of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

Author : Liujia Dong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling and Controls of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems by : Liujia Dong

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Controls of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems written by Liujia Dong and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems have significant impact on the energy consumption of residential and commercial buildings. The Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems, by distributing refrigerant instead of air flow, have emerged as an appealing class of HVAC system that features quieter operation, higher flexibility, and lower cost of installation and maintenance. However, such systems also present higher challenges for controls that can realize its achievable performance. This dissertation research proposes to investigate the dynamic simulation modeling and modelfree control strategies for energy efficient operation of VRF systems with single or multiple outdoor units (ODUs) under fluctuating and uncertain load and ambient conditions. Modelica based dynamic simulation models are developed for VRF systems of different configurations, which involve modeling of indoor units (IDUs), ODUs, and various control valves for thermal regulation. Motivated by a preliminary study on applying multi-variable extremum seeking control (ESC) for an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system, a model-free self-optimizing control strategy is investigated for efficient operation of a multi-functional VRF system under both heat pump modes and heat recovery modes. With the feedback of the total power only, the multi-variable ESC takes different combinations of manipulated inputs, including IDU superheat setpoints, compressor pressure setpoints, ODU fan speed, and ODU superheat setpoint. Input selection is carried out based on their respective impact on the total power. To realize automatic and smooth switching between different operation modes of multi-functional VRF system, the mode switching strategy is proposed. Whether to turn on or off an IDU is determined by the zone temperature and a preset hysteresis band about the temperature setpoint. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, a decision variable for determining the mode of ODU heat exchanger (HX) is proposed as the ODU-HX air-side temperature differential normalized by the dimensionless outdoor unit fan speed. For the smooth switching between two compressor pressure controllers, two bumpless transfer methods are applied. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and performance of bumpless transfer strategies. For the multi-ODU VRF systems, an integrated efficiency operation strategy is proposed to optimize the energy efficiency, which consists of three respects: i) for a given operating condition, a multi-variable ESC strategy is used to optimize the settings of manipulated inputs of operating ODUs, by use of a load-sharing valve array and feedback of the normalized total power; ii) a model-free ODU compressor staging strategy with ESC integrated control logic; and iii) a modelfree ODU heat exchanger mode switching strategy with ESC integrated control logic. For staging on additional ODU compressor, the saturated operation of compressor speed (i.e. saturated to the higher limit) is used as the indicating variable. With ESC-alike real-time optimization strategy in operation, the least efficient compressor would be driven, which will then be staged off. As for automatic mode switch of ODU heat exchangers during heat recovery operation, the saturation of IDU EEV opening is utilized as the indicating variable, and the ODU heat exchanger (or fan-coil unit) with least efficiency under ESC operation will switch its operational mode. Similar to many other HVAC systems, the ESC operation of VRF systems is subject to state and/or input constraints. In this dissertation research, the general problem of constrained ESC is studied. The penalty-functions based framework of constrained ESC is studied. The dither-demodulation design is modified for penalty-function based ESC with assumption of Wiener-Hammerstein system composition. An online penalty-weight adaptation scheme is proposed with online Hessian estimation, and its convergence analysis is conducted in the context of numerical optimization ESC (NOESC).

Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

Author : Napoleon Enteria
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811968330
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems by : Napoleon Enteria

Download or read book Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems written by Napoleon Enteria and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles the latest research, development, and application of VRF systems with contributions from various experts who pioneered and contributed to the development of the VRF system. This book presents the fundamental issues related to the real application and behaviour of the VRF system based on the long-term monitoring of the installed system. With our experience of pandemic which COVID-19 is an airborne, the spread of the virus is very fast. With this, the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is a major player in the maintenance and control of indoor environment to minimize the spread of the virus. As the variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system is a versatile HVAC system in which it can operate at different conditions, the application of the VRF system is very important to control the indoor environmental conditions. Thus, the publication of this book is important with the present situation and the future possible situation which the control of indoor spaces is very important. With this, this book will serve as a reference for building designer, contractors, building regulators and students.

HVAC - Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems

Author : A. Bhatia
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781505394047
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis HVAC - Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems by : A. Bhatia

Download or read book HVAC - Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems written by A. Bhatia and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-12-06 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: VRF (Variable refrigerant flow) is an air-condition system configuration where there is one outdoor condensing unit and multiple indoor units. The term variable refrigerant flow (VRF) refers to the ability of the system to control the amount of refrigerant flowing to the multiple evaporators (indoor units), enabling the use of many evaporators of differing capacities and configurations connected to single condensing unit. The arrangement provides an individualized comfort control, and simultaneous heating and cooling in different zones. Currently widely applied in large buildings especially in Japan and Europe, these systems are just starting to be introduced in the U.S. The VRF technology/system was developed and designed by Daikin Industries, Japan who named and protected the term variable refrigerant volume (VRV) system so other manufacturers use the term VRF "variable refrigerant flow". In essence both are same. With a higher efficiency and increased controllability, the VRF system can help achieve a sustainable design. Unfortunately, the design of VRF systems is more complicated and requires additional work compared to designing a conventional direct expansion (DX) system. This 3 -hour quick book provides an overview of VRF system technology. Emphasis is placed on the control principles, terminology, basic components, advantages and design limitations. This course is aimed at the personnel who have some limited background in the air conditioning field and is suitable for mechanical, electrical, controls and HVAC engineers, architects, building designers, contractors, estimators, energy auditors and facility managers.The course includes a multiple-choice quiz consisting of fifteen (15) questions at the end. Learning ObjectiveAt the conclusion of this course, the reader will: * Understand the difference between multi-split air conditioning system and VRF systems;* Understand the operating principle of direct expansion split and VRF system;* Understand the concept of thermal zone;* Understand how VRF with heat recovery are different from ordinary heat pump systems;* Understand the operation of thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) and electronic expansion valve (EEV);* Understand the influence of building characteristics and load profile on selection of VRF system;* Learn the advantages and application of VRF systems;* Understand the design limitations and challenges in design of VRF systems.

Dynamic Modeling and Advanced Control of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems

Author : Bryan Philip Rasmussen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling and Advanced Control of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems by : Bryan Philip Rasmussen

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Advanced Control of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems written by Bryan Philip Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Modeling and Control in Air-conditioning Systems

Author : Ye Yao
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662533138
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling and Control in Air-conditioning Systems by : Ye Yao

Download or read book Modeling and Control in Air-conditioning Systems written by Ye Yao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-01 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the latest modeling and control technologies in the context of air-conditioning systems. Firstly, it introduces the state-space method for developing dynamic models of all components in a central air-conditioning system. The models are primarily nonlinear and based on the fundamental principle of energy and mass conservation, and are transformed into state-space form through linearization. The book goes on to describe and discuss the state-space models with the help of graph theory and the structure-matrix theory. Subsequently, virtual sensor calibration and virtual sensing methods (which are very useful for real system control) are illustrated together with a case study. Model-based predictive control and state-space feedback control are applied to air-conditioning systems to yield better local control, while the air-side synergic control scheme and a global optimization strategy based on the decomposition-coordination method are developed so as to achieve energy conservation in the central air-conditioning system. Lastly, control strategies for VAV systems including total air volume control and trim & response static pressure control are investigated in practice.

Dynamic Modeling and Multivariable Control of Vapor Compression Cycles in Air Conditioning Systems

Author : Xiang-Dong He
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling and Multivariable Control of Vapor Compression Cycles in Air Conditioning Systems by : Xiang-Dong He

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Multivariable Control of Vapor Compression Cycles in Air Conditioning Systems written by Xiang-Dong He and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set

Author : Jinyue Yan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118388585
Total Pages : 4038 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set by : Jinyue Yan

Download or read book Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set written by Jinyue Yan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 4038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Clean Energy Systems brings together an international team of experts to present a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems. Consolidating information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources, the handbook covers a broad range of topics in this interdisciplinary research field including both fossil and renewable energy systems. The development of intelligent energy systems for efficient energy processes and mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants is explored in depth, and environmental, social and economic impacts are also addressed. Topics covered include: Volume 1 - Renewable Energy: Biomass resources and biofuel production; Bioenergy Utilization; Solar Energy; Wind Energy; Geothermal Energy; Tidal Energy. Volume 2 - Clean Energy Conversion Technologies: Steam/Vapor Power Generation; Gas Turbines Power Generation; Reciprocating Engines; Fuel Cells; Cogeneration and Polygeneration. Volume 3 - Mitigation Technologies: Carbon Capture; Negative Emissions System; Carbon Transportation; Carbon Storage; Emission Mitigation Technologies; Efficiency Improvements and Waste Management; Waste to Energy. Volume 4 - Intelligent Energy Systems: Future Electricity Markets; Diagnostic and Control of Energy Systems; New Electric Transmission Systems; Smart Grid and Modern Electrical Systems; Energy Efficiency of Municipal Energy Systems; Energy Efficiency of Industrial Energy Systems; Consumer Behaviors; Load Control and Management; Electric Car and Hybrid Car; Energy Efficiency Improvement. Volume 5 - Energy Storage: Thermal Energy Storage; Chemical Storage; Mechanical Storage; Electrochemical Storage; Integrated Storage Systems. Volume 6 - Sustainability of Energy Systems: Sustainability Indicators, Evaluation Criteria, and Reporting; Regulation and Policy; Finance and Investment; Emission Trading; Modeling and Analysis of Energy Systems; Energy vs. Development; Low Carbon Economy; Energy Efficiencies and Emission Reduction. Key features: Comprising over 3,500 pages in 6 volumes, HCES presents a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems, consolidating a wealth of information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources. In addition to renewable energy systems, HCES also covers processes for the efficient and clean conversion of traditional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, energy storage systems, mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants, and the development of intelligent energy systems. Environmental, social and economic impacts of energy systems are also addressed in depth. Published in full colour throughout. Fully indexed with cross referencing within and between all six volumes. Edited by leading researchers from academia and industry who are internationally renowned and active in their respective fields. Published in print and online. The online version is a single publication (i.e. no updates), available for one-time purchase or through annual subscription.

Application and Design of Air-to-air Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

Author : Paul Wicoff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis Application and Design of Air-to-air Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems by : Paul Wicoff

Download or read book Application and Design of Air-to-air Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems written by Paul Wicoff and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report addresses the operation, use, and design of air-to-air variable refrigerant flow systems, also known as VRF. Relatively new to the United States, these HVAC systems have potential to reduce energy consumption and utility costs in the correct applications. Although useful in many applications, the best building types for VRF are those requiring a large number of zones and with low ventilation air requirements. The report explains design and system selection considerations and accordingly presents two flowcharts to help designers implement this system. To show how the system compares to traditional technologies in terms of efficiency and cost, the report presents results from several studies comparing VRF to other systems. In addition, an energy modeling study is conducted to clarify the effect of climate on the system; this study established air-to-air VRF as having highest energy consumption in dry, southern climates, based on energy use and operating costs. With this report, HVAC designers can learn when air-to-air VRF is an acceptable method for providing heating and cooling in a building.

Intelligent Building Control Systems

Author : John T. Wen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319684620
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligent Building Control Systems by : John T. Wen

Download or read book Intelligent Building Control Systems written by John T. Wen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers of this book will be shown how, with the adoption of ubiquituous sensing, extensive data-gathering and forecasting, and building-embedded advanced actuation, intelligent building systems with the ability to respond to occupant preferences in a safe and energy-efficient manner are becoming a reality. The articles collected present a holistic perspective on the state of the art and current research directions in building automation, advanced sensing and control, including: model-based and model-free control design for temperature control; smart lighting systems; smart sensors and actuators (such as smart thermostats, lighting fixtures and HVAC equipment with embedded intelligence); and energy management, including consideration of grid connectivity and distributed intelligence. These articles are both educational for practitioners and graduate students interested in design and implementation, and foundational for researchers interested in understanding the state of the art and the challenges that must be overcome in realizing the potential benefits of smart building systems. This edited volume also includes case studies from implementation of these algorithms/sensing strategies in to-scale building systems. These demonstrate the benefits and pitfalls of using smart sensing and control for enhanced occupant comfort and energy efficiency.

Energy Simulation of Integrated Multiple-Zone Variable Refrigerant Flow System

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Simulation of Integrated Multiple-Zone Variable Refrigerant Flow System by :

Download or read book Energy Simulation of Integrated Multiple-Zone Variable Refrigerant Flow System written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We developed a detailed steady-state system model, to simulate the performance of an integrated five-zone variable refrigerant flow (VRF)heat pump system. The system is multi-functional, capable of space cooling, space heating, combined space cooling and water heating, and dedicated water heating. Methods were developed to map the VRF performance in each mode, based on the abundant data produced by the equipment system model. The performance maps were used in TRNSYS annual energy simulations. Using TRNSYS, we have successfully setup and run cases for a multiple-split, VRF heat pump and dehumidifier combination in 5-zone houses in 5 climates that control indoor dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity. We compared the calculated energy consumptions for the VRF heat pump against that of a baseline central air source heat pump, coupled with electric water heating and the standalone dehumidifiers. In addition, we investigated multiple control scenarios for the VRF heat pump, i.e. on/off control, variable indoor air flow rate, and using different zone temperature setting schedules, etc. The energy savings for the multiple scenarios were assessed.

The Impact of Automatic Control Research on Industrial Innovation

Author : Silvia Mastellone
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119983614
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Automatic Control Research on Industrial Innovation by : Silvia Mastellone

Download or read book The Impact of Automatic Control Research on Industrial Innovation written by Silvia Mastellone and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-01-04 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Impact of Automatic Control Research on Industrial Innovation Bring together the theory and practice of control research with this innovative overview Automatic control research focuses on subjects pertaining to the theory and practice of automation science and technology subjects such as industrial automation, robotics, and human???machine interaction. With each passing year, these subjects become more relevant to researchers, policymakers, industrialists, and workers alike. The work of academic control researchers, however, is often distant from the perspectives of industry practitioners, creating the potential for insights to be lost on both sides. The Impact of Automatic Control Research on Industrial Innovation seeks to close this distance, providing an industrial perspective on the future of control research. It seeks to outline the possible and ongoing impacts of automatic control technologies across a range of industries, enabling readers to understand the connection between theory and practice. The result is a book that combines scholarly and practical understandings of industrial innovations and their possible role in building a sustainable world. The Impact of Automatic Control Research on Industrial Innovation readers will also find: Insights on industrial and commercial applications of automatic control theory. Detailed discussion of industrial sectors including power, automotive, production processes, and more. An applied research roadmap for each sector. This book is a must-own for both control researchers and control engineers, in both theoretical and applied contexts, as well as for graduate or continuing education courses on control theory and practice.

Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps

Author : G F Hundy
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0081006667
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps by : G F Hundy

Download or read book Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps written by G F Hundy and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps, Fifth Edition, provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practice of refrigeration. Clear and comprehensive, it is suitable for both trainee and professional HVAC engineers, with a straightforward approach that also helps inexperienced readers gain a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of the technology. With its concise style and broad scope, the book covers most of the equipment and applications professionals will encounter. The simplicity of the descriptions helps users understand, specify, commission, use, and maintain these systems. It is a must-have text for anyone who needs thorough, foundational information on refrigeration and air conditioning, but without textbook pedagogy. It includes detailed technicalities or product-specific information. New material to this edition includes the latest developments in refrigerants and lubricants, together with updated information on compressors, heat exchangers, liquid chillers, electronic expansion valves, controls, and cold storage. In addition, efficiency, environmental impact, split systems, retail refrigeration (supermarket systems and cold rooms), industrial systems, fans, air infiltration, and noise are also included. Full theoretical and practical treatment of current issues and trends in refrigeration and air conditioning technology Meets the needs of industry practitioners and system designers who need a rigorous, but accessible reference to the latest developments in refrigeration and AC that is supported by coverage at a level not found in typical course textbooks New edition features updated content on refrigerants, microchannel technology, noise, condensers, data centers, and electronic control

Proceedings of the 2024 3rd International Conference on Engineering Management and Information Science (EMIS 2024)

Author : Tang Yao
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9464634472
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (646 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 2024 3rd International Conference on Engineering Management and Information Science (EMIS 2024) by : Tang Yao

Download or read book Proceedings of the 2024 3rd International Conference on Engineering Management and Information Science (EMIS 2024) written by Tang Yao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Dynamic Modeling and Capacity Control of Multiple Chiller Systems

Author : Yang Guan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling and Capacity Control of Multiple Chiller Systems by : Yang Guan

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Capacity Control of Multiple Chiller Systems written by Yang Guan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proceedings of the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division--2003

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 832 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division--2003 by :

Download or read book Proceedings of the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division--2003 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Dynamic Performance and Refrigerant Flow Control in Refrigeration Systems

Author : Hamdan Omar A. Al-Nizari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamic Performance and Refrigerant Flow Control in Refrigeration Systems by : Hamdan Omar A. Al-Nizari

Download or read book Dynamic Performance and Refrigerant Flow Control in Refrigeration Systems written by Hamdan Omar A. Al-Nizari and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 960 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control by :

Download or read book Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publishes theoretical and applied original papers in dynamic systems. Theoretical papers present new theoretical developments and knowledge for controls of dynamical systems together with clear engineering motivation for the new theory. Applied papers include modeling, simulation, and corroboration of theory with emphasis on demonstrated practicality.