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Dynamic Instabilities In Spark Ignited Combustion Engines With High Exhaust Gas Recirculation
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Book Synopsis Dynamic Instabilities in Spark-ignited Combustion Engines with High Exhaust Gas Recirculation by :
Download or read book Dynamic Instabilities in Spark-ignited Combustion Engines with High Exhaust Gas Recirculation written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We propose a cycle-resolved dynamic model for combustion instabilities in spark-ignition engines operating with high levels of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). High EGR is important for increasing fuel efficiency and implementing advanced low-emission combustion modes such as homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI). We account for the complex combustion response to cycle-to-cycle feedback by utilizing a global probability distribution that describes the pre-spark state of in-cylinder fuel mixing. The proposed model does a good job of simulating combustion instabilities observed in both lean-fueling engine experiments and in experiments where nitrogen dilution is used to simulate some of the combustion inhibition of EGR. When used to simulate high internal EGR operation, the model exhibits a range of global bifurcations and chaos that appear to be very robust. We use the model to show that it should be possible to reduce high EGR combustion instabilities by switching from internal to external EGR. We also explain why it might be helpful to deliberately stratify the fuel in the pre-spark gas mixture. It might be possible to extend the simple approach used in this model to other chemical reaction systems with spatial inhomogeneity.
Book Synopsis Characterizing Dilute Combustion Instabilities in a Multi-cylinder Spark-ignited Engine Using Symbolic Analysis by :
Download or read book Characterizing Dilute Combustion Instabilities in a Multi-cylinder Spark-ignited Engine Using Symbolic Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spark-ignited internal combustion engines have evolved considerably in recent years in response to increasingly stringent regulations for emissions and fuel-economy. One new advanced engine strategy utilizes high levels of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce combustion temperatures, thereby increasing thermodynamic efficiency and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. While this strategy can be highly effective, it also poses major control and design challenges due to the large combustion oscillations that develop at sufficiently high EGR levels. Previous research has documented that combustion instabilities can propagate between successive engine cycles in individual cylinders via self-generated feedback of reactive species and thermal energy in the retained residual exhaust gases. In this work, we use symbolic analysis to characterize multi-cylinder combustion oscillations in an experimental engine operating with external EGR. At low levels of EGR, intra-cylinder oscillations are clearly visible and appear to be associated with brief, intermittent coupling among cylinders. As EGR is increased further, a point is reached where all four cylinders lock almost completely in phase and alternate simultaneously between two distinct bi-stable combustion states. From a practical perspective, it is important to understand the causes of this phenomenon and develop diagnostics that might be applied to ameliorate its effects. We demonstrate here that two approaches for symbolizing the engine combustion measurements can provide useful probes for characterizing these instabilities.
Book Synopsis The Autoignition Characteristics of Turbocharged Spark Ignition Engines with Exhaust Gas Recirculation by : Jacob Elijah McKenzie
Download or read book The Autoignition Characteristics of Turbocharged Spark Ignition Engines with Exhaust Gas Recirculation written by Jacob Elijah McKenzie and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The societal demand for vehicles with high efficiency and low emissions has spurred considerable changes to the automotive internal combustion engine within the past decade. Reductions in the displacement volume and increases in maximum output per unit of displacement are among the characteristics adopted to meet the fuel economy targets of world governments. However, the extent to which these changes in engine configuration may be pursued in search of efficiency is limited by several fundamental phenomena. The intent of this research project is to investigate the modeling of one of these phenomena - the autoignition of an unburned portion of the air-fuel mixture - and a potential strategy intended to delay the occurrence of this frequently damaging type of combustion reaction. The autoignition abatement approach studied entails the recirculation of burned exhaust gasses which serve to dilute the air-fuel mixture and reduce maximum unburned gas temperatures Experimental testing was performed on two different types of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system - one which extracts exhaust gases from upstream of the catalytic converter and another which extracts gases from downstream - in order to determine if the changes in composition that occur across the catalyst affect the autoignition abatement characteristics of the recirculated exhaust. This testing indicated that differences between the alternative installations are dominated by changes in the flow dynamics of the exhaust system, with no definite changes attributable to compositional differences. An empirical method of predicting the occurrence of autoignition using experimental data was then developed based on an approach originally proposed by Livengood and Wu. Ignition delay correlations were developed that provide accurate autoignition prediction over a range of speeds, loads, air-fuel equivalence ratios and dilution rates. Additionally, a new statistical model for autoignition is proposed that captures the cycle-to-cycle variation in autoignition intensity and relates these variations to the thermodynamic state of the charge.
Book Synopsis Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) in Spark-ignition Engines to Lower NOx Emissions and Improve Fuel Consumption by : Patrick Glenn Szymkowicz
Download or read book Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) in Spark-ignition Engines to Lower NOx Emissions and Improve Fuel Consumption written by Patrick Glenn Szymkowicz and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Addressing Nonlinear Combustion Instabilities in Highly Dilute Spark Ignition Engine Operation by : Brian Christopher Kaul
Download or read book Addressing Nonlinear Combustion Instabilities in Highly Dilute Spark Ignition Engine Operation written by Brian Christopher Kaul and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Dilute operation is a promising approach for increasing spark-ignition engine efficiency, in the form of either lean burn (air dilution) or EGR (inert dilution). High levels of charge dilution, however, lead to cyclic variability that is largely deterministic in nature. The determinism and nonlinear nature of the system indicate that it should be possible to reduce the cycle-to-cycle variations by implementing an electronic controller. Several needs arise when considering the development of such a controller. Three topics of interest are covered herein. First, a method of analysis for nonlinear dynamical systems is applied to engine data in order to estimate the effect that a controller could have by removing the cycles that contribute to repeated, deterministic sequences ... Second, the sensitivity of the engine to variations in control input is evaluated by examining a FFT of heat release data when the injected fuel mass is perturbed in a periodic manner ... Finally, a combined thermodynamic and turbulent mass entrainment model was developed to predict energy release for many consecutive engine cycles"--Abstract, leaf iii
Book Synopsis Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Book Synopsis Utilizing a Cycle Simulation to Examine the Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) for a Spark-ignition Engine by : Rajeshkumar Ghanshyambhai Shyani
Download or read book Utilizing a Cycle Simulation to Examine the Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) for a Spark-ignition Engine written by Rajeshkumar Ghanshyambhai Shyani and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system has been widely used to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission, improve fuel economy and suppress knock by using the characteristics of charge dilution. However, previous studies have shown that as the EGR rate at a given engine operating condition increases, the combustion instability increases. The combustion instability increases cyclic variations resulting in the deterioration of engine performance and increasing hydrocarbon emissions. Therefore, the optimum EGR rate should be carefully determined in order to obtain the better engine performance and emissions. A thermodynamic cycle simulation of the four-stroke spark-ignition engine was used to determine the effects of EGR on engine performance, emission characteristics and second law parameters, considering combustion instability issues as EGR level increases. A parameter, called 'Fuel Fraction Burned, ' was introduced as a function of the EGR percentage and used in the simulation to incorporate the combustion instability effects. A comprehensive parametric investigation was conducted to examine the effects of variations in EGR, load and speed for a 5.7 liter spark-ignition automotive engine. Variations in the thermal efficiencies, brake specific NOx emissions, average combustion temperature, mean exhaust temperature, maximum temperature and relative heat transfer as functions of exhaust gas recycle were determined for both cooled and adiabatic EGR configurations. Also effects of variations in the load and speed on thermal efficiencies, relative heat transfers and destruction of availability due to combustion were determined for 0% EGR and 20% EGR cases with both cooled and adiabatic configurations. For both EGR configurations, thermal efficiencies first increase, reach a maximum at about 16% EGR and then decrease as the EGR level increases. Thermal efficiencies are slightly higher for cooled EGR configuration than that for adiabatic configuration. Concentration of nitric oxide emissions decreases from about 2950 ppm to 200 ppm as EGR level increases from 0% to 20% for cooled EGR configuration. The cooled EGR configuration results in lower nitric oxide emissions relative to the adiabatic EGR configuration. Also second law parameters show the expected trends as functions of EGR. Brake thermal efficiency is higher for the 20% EGR case than that for the no EGR case over the range of load (0 to WOT) and speed (600 rpm to 6000 rpm). Predictions made from the simulation were compared with some of the available experimental results. Predicted thermal efficiencies showed a similar trend when compared to the available experimental data. Also, percentage of unused fuel availability increases as the EGR level increases, and it can be seen as one of the effects of deteriorating combustion quality as the EGR level increases.
Book Synopsis Analysis of the Combustion Process of an Automotive Spark Ignition Engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation by : Philip H. Nusz
Download or read book Analysis of the Combustion Process of an Automotive Spark Ignition Engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation written by Philip H. Nusz and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Methanol-fueled Spark Ignition Engines by : Norihiro Sawa
Download or read book The Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Methanol-fueled Spark Ignition Engines written by Norihiro Sawa and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Chaos by : Stefano Boccaletti
Download or read book Experimental Chaos written by Stefano Boccaletti and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most genetics textbooks deal adequately with plant and animal genetics, but tend to neglect fungi except for two areas. Firstly, the ascus segregations which, in the 1960s, contributed so much to developing an understanding of the mechanism of recombination and secondly, the contribution that work on yeast (as a model eukaryote) is currently making to understanding cell cycle control and its genetic regulation. Consequently, most introductory genetics texts will leave the reader/student with the impression that fungi are of use when peculiarities of their structure or life style suit them to particular experimental approaches, but are not worth mentioning otherwise. The authors have produced a book that will compensate for this imbalance. This book discusses the genetics of fungi, or mycology, in a way that is attractive and challenging, succinct yet comprehensive, sensitive to commercial and applied aspects, yet also theoretical, dealing with their genetics from molecules to individuals to population. This short text will be an ideal supplement to the established basic textbooks in genetics or can be used as the sole text for an advanced course devoted to fungal genetics.
Book Synopsis Mixture Formation in Spark-Ignition Engines by : Hans Peter Lenz
Download or read book Mixture Formation in Spark-Ignition Engines written by Hans Peter Lenz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twentyfour years have gone by since the publication of K. Lohner and H. Muller's comprehen sive work "Gemischbildung und Verbrennung im Ottomotor" in 1967 [1.1]' Naturally, the field of mixture formation and combustion in the spark-ignition engine has wit nessed great technological advances and many new findings in the intervening years, so that the time seemed ripe for presenting a summary of recent research and developments. There fore, I gladly took up the suggestion of the editors of this series of books, Professor Dr. H. List and Professor Dr. A. Pischinger, to write a book summarizing the present state of the art. A center of activity of the Institute of Internal-Combustion Engines and Automotive Engineering at the Vienna Technical University, which I am heading, is the field of mixture formation -there fore, many new results that have been achieved in this area in collaboration with the respective industry have been included in this volume. The basic principles of combustion are discussed only to that extent which seemect necessary for an understanding of the effects of mixture formation. The focal point of this volume is the mixture formation in spark-ignition engines, covering both the theory and actual design of the mixture formation units and appropriate intake manifolds. Also, the related measurement technology is explained in this work.
Book Synopsis Modeling and Control of Engines and Drivelines by : Lars Eriksson
Download or read book Modeling and Control of Engines and Drivelines written by Lars Eriksson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Control systems have come to play an important role in the performance of modern vehicles with regards to meeting goals on low emissions and low fuel consumption. To achieve these goals, modeling, simulation, and analysis have become standard tools for the development of control systems in the automotive industry. Modeling and Control of Engines and Drivelines provides an up-to-date treatment of the topic from a clear perspective of systems engineering and control systems, which are at the core of vehicle design. This book has three main goals. The first is to provide a thorough understanding of component models as building blocks. It has therefore been important to provide measurements from real processes, to explain the underlying physics, to describe the modeling considerations, and to validate the resulting models experimentally. Second, the authors show how the models are used in the current design of control and diagnosis systems. These system designs are never used in isolation, so the third goal is to provide a complete setting for system integration and evaluation, including complete vehicle models together with actual requirements and driving cycle analysis. Key features: Covers signals, systems, and control in modern vehicles Covers the basic dynamics of internal combustion engines and drivelines Provides a set of standard models and includes examples and case studies Covers turbo- and super-charging, and automotive dependability and diagnosis Accompanied by a web site hosting example models and problems and solutions Modeling and Control of Engines and Drivelines is a comprehensive reference for graduate students and the authors’ close collaboration with the automotive industry ensures that the knowledge and skills that practicing engineers need when analysing and developing new powertrain systems are also covered.
Book Synopsis Predicting NOx Emissions and Effects of Exhuast Gas Recirculation in Spark-ignition Engines by : Kunihiko Komiyama
Download or read book Predicting NOx Emissions and Effects of Exhuast Gas Recirculation in Spark-ignition Engines written by Kunihiko Komiyama and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Relation Between Spark-ignition Engine Knock, Detonation Waves, and Autoignition as Shown by High-speed Photography by : Cearcy D. Miller
Download or read book Relation Between Spark-ignition Engine Knock, Detonation Waves, and Autoignition as Shown by High-speed Photography written by Cearcy D. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical review of literature bearing on the autoignition and detonation-wave theories of spark-ignition engine knock and on the nature of gas vibrations associated with combustion and knock results in the conclusion that neither the autoignition theory nor the detonation-wave theory is an adequate explanation of spark-ignition engine knock. A knock theory is proposed, combining the autoignition and detonation-wave theories, introducing the idea that the detonation wave develops in autoignited or afterburning gases, and ascribing comparatively low-pitched heavy knocks to autoignition but high-pitched pinging knocks to detonation waves with the possibility of combinations of the two types of knock.
Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence and Data Driven Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines by : Jihad Badra
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence and Data Driven Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines written by Jihad Badra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-01-05 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial Intelligence and Data Driven Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines summarizes recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) and data driven optimization and calibration techniques for internal combustion engines. The book covers AI/ML and data driven methods to optimize fuel formulations and engine combustion systems, predict cycle to cycle variations, and optimize after-treatment systems and experimental engine calibration. It contains all the details of the latest optimization techniques along with their application to ICE, making it ideal for automotive engineers, mechanical engineers, OEMs and R&D centers involved in engine design. Provides AI/ML and data driven optimization techniques in combination with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to optimize engine combustion systems Features a comprehensive overview of how AI/ML techniques are used in conjunction with simulations and experiments Discusses data driven optimization techniques for fuel formulations and vehicle control calibration
Book Synopsis Modelling Spark Ignition Combustion by : P. A. Lakshminarayanan
Download or read book Modelling Spark Ignition Combustion written by P. A. Lakshminarayanan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Dynamical Instability of Spark-ignited Engines by : Jeffrey C. Kantor
Download or read book A Dynamical Instability of Spark-ignited Engines written by Jeffrey C. Kantor and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
