Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Dynamic Competition And Strategic Behavior
Download Dynamic Competition And Strategic Behavior full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Dynamic Competition And Strategic Behavior ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Oligopoly and Dynamic Competition by : Mario Baldassarri
Download or read book Oligopoly and Dynamic Competition written by Mario Baldassarri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book has three main objectives. Firstly, to provide an up-dated analysis of the most important theoretical developments, secondly, to present significant empirical verifications and thirdly, to assess the micro-macro debate and the relations which link the market structure to the function of the economic system.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Competition and Public Policy by : Jerome Ellig
Download or read book Dynamic Competition and Public Policy written by Jerome Ellig and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-04-23 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars explore antitrust issues as these relate to dynamic industry competition and public policy.
Book Synopsis Wharton on Dynamic Competitive Strategy by : George S. Day
Download or read book Wharton on Dynamic Competitive Strategy written by George S. Day and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-08-13 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die Wharton Business School ist die älteste Institution ihrer Art in Amerika und eine der bestangesehenen der Welt. Ein Expertenteam aus fünf verschiedenen Fachgebieten in Wharton diskutiert hier eine der wichtigsten Fragen für ein Unternehmen der Gegenwart - die Sicherung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Neueste Konzepte kreativer Strategien werden vorgestellt.
Book Synopsis Strategic Competition, Dynamics, and the Role of the State by : Jamee K. Moudud
Download or read book Strategic Competition, Dynamics, and the Role of the State written by Jamee K. Moudud and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists from all heterodox traditions of political economy will benefit from reading this book both for its confirmation of many of the basic precepts of classical, Marxian and Harrodian economics and the challenges it poses for its trenchant Post-Keynesian/Kaleckian critics, for whom short-period analytics of effective demand can and should be extended to long-period analysis. While his critique of the principle of effective demand for the long run would leave many Post-Keynesians uncompromising, the strong Keynesian view held by the author on the necessity for public-sector capital budgeting, and a developmental state upon which ought to be grafted a long-term growth policy based on public investment would certainly find strong resonance in the context of the global economic crisis. Mario Seccareccia, University of Ottawa, Canada and Editor of the International Journal of Political Economy Jamee K. Moudud s book is in the best tradition of dynamic economics stemming from the work of Harrod and Kalecki. Moudud demonstrates a solid command of the intellectual history of his subject. His insightful critical survey of the growth literature focuses on an often neglected dimension of the topic, i.e. the question of how real-world firms make decisions about capacity utilization and capacity creation. This discussion grounds Moudud s subsequent theoretical analysis of the disequilibrium dynamics of cyclical growth. The book is that rarest of things both a useful teaching tool and an original contribution in its own right. Graduate students will find it a superb introduction to the analytical issues that are at the center of economists debates about growth, economic development and the business cycle. Growth theorists will find in it much to stimulate and challenge their thinking. Gary Mongiovi, St John s University, US and Co-Editor, Review of Political Economy The pillar upon which this magnificent must-read volume was erected is strategic competition, a theory that cogently authenticates the concentration and centralization of capital. This stands in stark contrast against the fanciful neoclassical perfect completion and its methodological double, imperfect competition. In Strategic Competition, Dynamics, and the Role of the State, Jamee Moudud has taken a novel approach to the study of macrodynamics. Here turbulence and crisis are deemed inseparable from the dynamics of capitalist economies and the last three decades of neoliberal policies are eloquently called into question. Moudud also provides a timely and effective critique of both new Keynesian and post-Keynesian approaches to macroeconomic theory and policy. Cyrus Bina, University of Minnesota (Morris Campus), US and an Editor of the Journal of Critical Studies on Business and Society The current economic crisis has thrown into disrepute the representative agent models at the forefront of the microfoundations agenda. Jamee Moudud takes a different approach, going back to first principles to re-establish the theory of the firm and the nature of market competition. The result is an important addition to two ongoing quests in macroeconomics: integrating the principle of effective demand into long run macrodynamics; and relating aggregate outcomes to firm behaviour and the functioning of markets. Mark Setterfield, Trinity College, US This is a very timely, refreshing and challenging book, an excellent contribution in the areas of competition and growth. It blends beautifully the microeconomic analysis of the Oxford Research Group, at the center of which is the idea of strategic competition; and an extension of Harrod s work on growth. The discussions of uncertainly and excess capacity, and the interpretation of Harrod s work are outstanding. This combination leads one to think about policy issues such as taxation or public investment in a novel way, as the implications differ not only from those that derive from neoclassical models, but also from Post-Keynesi
Book Synopsis The Effects of Competition by : George Symeonidis
Download or read book The Effects of Competition written by George Symeonidis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002-01-18 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical and empirical study of the effects of competition across a broad range of industries. Policies to promote competition are high on the political agenda worldwide. But in a constantly changing marketplace, the effects of more intense competition on firm conduct, market structure, and industry performance are often hard to distinguish. This study combines game-theoretic models with empirical evidence from a "natural experiment" of policy reform. The introduction in the United Kingdom of the 1956 Restrictive Trade Practices Act led to the registration and subsequent abolition of explicit restrictive agreements between firms and the intensification of price competition across a range of manufacturing industries. An equally large number of industries were not affected by the legislation. Using data from before and after the 1956 act, this book compares the two groups of industries to determine the effect of price competition on concentration, firm and plant numbers, profitability, advertising intensity, and innovation. The book avoids two problems common to empirical studies of competition: how to measure the intensity of competition and how to unravel the links between competition and other variables. Because the change in the intensity of competition had an external cause, there is no need to measure the intensity of competition directly, and it is possible to identify one-way causal effects when estimating the impact of competition. The book also examines issues such as the industries in which collusion is more likely to occur; the effect of cartels and cartel laws on market structure and profitability; the links between competition, advertising, and innovation; and the constraints on the exercise of merger and antitrust policies.
Book Synopsis Antitrust, Innovation, and Competitiveness by : Thomas M. Jorde
Download or read book Antitrust, Innovation, and Competitiveness written by Thomas M. Jorde and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how the U.S. antitrust laws, especially the Sherman Antitrust Act, have affected the ways in which U.S. corporations can form alliances to compete in world markets. The editors start from the premise that current antitrust laws unwisely restrain innovation by inhibiting desirable pro-competitive communication and cooperation between firms. This results in an impediment to the performance of U.S. firms competing in industries experiencing rapid technological change. Not all of the contributors agree with the editors about the degree to which the antitrust laws do indeed inhibit U.S. industry. Thus, the book represents a variety of views on a topic of increasing importance. Contributors include Phillip Areeda, William J. Baumol, Ann I. Jones, Robert P. Merges, Richard R. Nelson, Janusz A. Ordover, Thomas M. Jorde, Richard Schmalensee, Lawrence A. Sullivan, David M. Teece, Oliver E. Williamson, and Judge Frank H. Easterbrook.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Competitive Strategy by : Ken G. Smith
Download or read book Dynamics of Competitive Strategy written by Ken G. Smith and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1992-08-05 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the actions and reactions of companies as they interact with one another and strive for advantage. Using actual data and case studies from the highly competitive airline, high technology, insurance and banking industries, the authors develop an original communication-information model which provides an effective method to explain, measure and even predict the ways in which firms compete in the marketplace. The theoretical contributions presented are backed up by a wealth of data, case studies, examples and illustrations.
Book Synopsis HBR's 10 Must Reads 2015 by : Harvard Business Review
Download or read book HBR's 10 Must Reads 2015 written by Harvard Business Review and published by Harvard Business Review Press. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A year’s worth of management wisdom, all in one place. We’ve combed through ideas, insights, and best practices from the past year of Harvard Business Review to help you get up to speed fast on the freshest, most relevant thinking driving business today. With authors from Clayton Christensen to Roger Martin and company examples from Netflix to Unilever, this volume brings the most current and important management conversations to your fingertips. This book will inspire you to: Lead by focusing your attention on the right things Import new management practices into your organization the right way—whether they come from other companies or across the globe Better manage your organization’s—and your leaders’—time Rethink vital functions such as HR and marketing Move from a yearly planning cycle to building a winning strategy Make long-term organizational decisions with an eye to national and global economic trends This collection of best-selling articles includes: “Beware the Next Big Thing,” by Julian Birkinshaw ”The Capitalist’s Dilemma,” by Clayton M. Christensen and Derek Van Bever “The Focused Leader,” by Daniel Goleman “The Big Lie of Strategic Planning,” by Roger L. Martin “Contextual Intelligence,” by Tarun Khanna “How Netflix Reinvented HR,” by Patty McCord “Blue Ocean Leadership,” by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne “The Ultimate Marketing Machine,” by Marc de Swaan Arons, Frank van den Driest, and Keith Weed “Your Scarcest Resource,” by Michael Mankins, Chris Brahm, and Gregory Caimi “How Google Sold Its Engineers on Management,” by David A. Garvin “21st-Century Talent Spotting,” by Claudio Fernández-Aráoz
Book Synopsis New Trends in Dynamic Games and Applications by : Jan G. Olsder
Download or read book New Trends in Dynamic Games and Applications written by Jan G. Olsder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-12-01 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of dynamic games is very rich in nature and very much alive! If the reader does not already agree with this statement, I hope he/she will surely do so after having consulted the contents of the current volume. The activities which fall under the heading of 'dynamic games' cannot easily be put into one scientific discipline. On the theoretical side one deals with differential games, difference games (the underlying models are described by differential, respec tively difference equations) and games based on Markov chains, with determin istic and stochastic games, zero-sum and nonzero-sum games, two-player and many-player games - all under various forms of equilibria. On the practical side, one sees applications to economics (stimulated by the recent Nobel prize for economics which went to three prominent scientists in game theory), biology, management science, and engineering. The contents of this volume are primarily based on selected presentations made at the Sixth International Symposium on Dynamic Games and Applica tions, held in St Jovite, Quebec, Canada, 13-15 July 1994. Every paper that appears in this volume has passed through a stringent reviewing process, as is the case with publications for archival technical journals. This conference, as well as its predecessor which was held in Grimentz, 1992, took place under the auspices of the International Society of Dynamic Games (ISDG), established in 1990. One of the activities of the ISDG is the publication of these Annals. The contributions in this volume have been grouped around five themes.
Book Synopsis The Future of Competitive Strategy by : Mohan Subramaniam
Download or read book The Future of Competitive Strategy written by Mohan Subramaniam and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How legacy firms can combine their traditional strengths with the power of data and digital ecosystems to forge a new competitive strategy for the digital era. How can legacy firms remain relevant in the digital era? In The Future of Competitive Strategy, strategic management expert Mohan Subramaniam explains how firms can leverage both their traditional strengths and the modern-day power of data and digital ecosystems to forge a new competitive strategy. Drawing on the experiences of a range of companies, including Caterpillar, Sleep Number, and Whirlpool, he explains how firms can benefit from data’s enlarged role in modern business, develop digital ecosystems tailored to their unique business needs, and use new frameworks to harness the power of data for competitive advantage. Subramaniam presents digital ecosystems as a combination of production and consumption ecosystems, which can be used by legacy firms to unlock the value of data at various levels—from improving operational efficiencies to creating new data-driven services and transforming traditional products into digital platforms. He explores the ways sensors and the Internet of Things provide new kinds of customer data; presents the concept of digital competitors—other firms that have access to similar data; discusses the new digital capabilities that firms need to develop; and addresses privacy and security issues associated with data sharing. Who needs this book? Any firm that wants to revitalize traditional business models, offer a richer customer experience, and expand its competitive arena into new digital ecosystems.
Book Synopsis Models, Strategies, and Tools for Competitive SMEs by : Perez-Uribe, Rafael
Download or read book Models, Strategies, and Tools for Competitive SMEs written by Perez-Uribe, Rafael and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-10-16 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a fiercely competitive global economy, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face numerous challenges in achieving and sustaining competitiveness. From limited resources and evolving market dynamics to technological disruptions and regulatory hurdles, SMEs often struggle to navigate the complexities of modern business environments. As a result, many SMEs find themselves at a disadvantage, unable to fully capitalize on opportunities or effectively mitigate threats, thus hindering their growth and long-term viability. Models, Strategies, and Tools for Competitive SMEs offers a comprehensive solution to empower SMEs to thrive in competitive landscapes. By bringing together a wealth of expertise and insights from scholars and practitioners globally, this book serves as a valuable resource for SMEs seeking to enhance their competitiveness and unlock their full potential. Through a diverse array of topics, ranging from leadership and innovation to digital marketing and organizational climate, the book provides actionable strategies and practical tools tailored specifically to the needs of SMEs.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Competitive Strategy by : Tony Dr Grundy
Download or read book Dynamic Competitive Strategy written by Tony Dr Grundy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic Competitive Strategy by best –selling author Dr Tony Grundy casts a radically new light on Competitive Strategy by showing you the dynamic dimension of existing strategy tools and new ones created to deal with rapid innovation and turbulent change. He shows us refreshing and challenging ways of developing strategy, including: Agile approaches to Strategy and Planning The art of the Cunning Plan –with 101 ways of being innovative The alien approach: how might an alien see your industry and business? A whole new set of dynamic strategy tools Scenario storytelling and the art of mental time travel How emotional value can leverage competitive advantag Dynamic stakeholder analysis and influencing He also includes case studies of Arsenal, Brexit, Dyson, Metrobank, Tesco, the infamous honey badger and others from everyday life. This book provides an overall theory and a wealth of practical guidance based on 30 years of Strategy Consulting and Management Research and Teaching that will transform your thinking about strategy. Tony truly "turns strategy upside down," as he does on the cover.
Book Synopsis Contemporary Strategy Analysis by : Robert M. Grant
Download or read book Contemporary Strategy Analysis written by Robert M. Grant and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated new edition of the market-leading strategic analysis textbook, addressing the emerging challenges that businesses face in an increasingly complex and dynamic environment In Contemporary Strategy Analysis, expert strategist and lecturer Robert M. Grant equips management students and working professionals with the concepts, frameworks, and techniques needed to make better strategic decisions. Designed to be accessible to readers from different backgrounds and with varying levels of experience, this classic textbook combines a rigorous approach to business strategy with real-world examples of current practice and highly relevant case studies personally written by the author. Contemporary Strategy Analysis focuses on the essential tasks of strategy, showing readers how to use the tools of strategy analysis to identify, analyze, and exploit the sources of superior business performance to secure competitive advantage. The eleventh edition examines the role of strategy in a world reshaped by the Covid-19 pandemic and discusses a wide range of trending topics — such as the corporate social responsibility movement and environmental, social, and governance innovation — presented alongside fully integrated business models and up-to-date examples of business model innovation. Perfect for undergraduate and MBA students of business, Contemporary Strategy Analysis has also proven influential with consultants, executives, and others engaged in the strategic direction of a modern enterprise.
Book Synopsis The New Makers of Modern Strategy by : Hal Brands
Download or read book The New Makers of Modern Strategy written by Hal Brands and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-05-02 with total page 1184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential resource on military and political strategy and the making of the modern world The New Makers of Modern Strategy is the next generation of the definitive work on strategy and the key figures who have shaped the theory and practice of war and statecraft throughout the centuries. Featuring entirely new entries by a who’s who of world-class scholars, this new edition provides global, comparative perspectives on strategic thought from antiquity to today, surveying both classical and current themes of strategy while devoting greater attention to the Cold War and post-9/11 eras. The contributors evaluate the timeless requirements of effective strategy while tracing the revolutionary changes that challenge the makers of strategy in the contemporary world. Amid intensifying global disorder, the study of strategy and its history has never been more relevant. The New Makers of Modern Strategy draws vital lessons from history’s most influential strategists, from Thucydides and Sun Zi to Clausewitz, Napoleon, Churchill, Mao, Ben-Gurion, Andrew Marshall, Xi Jinping, and Qassem Soleimani. With contributions by Dmitry Adamsky, John Bew, Tami Davis Biddle, Hal Brands, Antulio J. Echevarria II, Elizabeth Economy, Charles Edel, Eric S. Edelman, Andrew Ehrhardt, Lawrence Freedman, John Lewis Gaddis, Francis J. Gavin, Christopher J. Griffin, Ahmed S. Hashim, Eric Helleiner, Wayne Wei-siang Hsieh, Seth G. Jones, Robert Kagan, Jonathan Kirshner, Matthew Kroenig, James Lacey, Guy Laron, Michael V. Leggiere, Margaret MacMillan, Tanvi Madan, Thomas G. Mahnken, Carter Malkasian, Daniel Marston, John H. Maurer, Walter Russell Mead, Michael Cotey Morgan, Mark Moyar, Williamson Murray, S.C.M. Paine, Sergey Radchenko, Iskander Rehman, Thomas Rid, Joshua Rovner, Priya Satia, Kori Schake, Matt J. Schumann, Brendan Simms, Jason K. Stearns, Hew Strachan, Sue Mi Terry, and Toshi Yoshihara.
Book Synopsis Strategy, Predation, and Antitrust Analysis by : Steven C. Salop
Download or read book Strategy, Predation, and Antitrust Analysis written by Steven C. Salop and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Entrepreneurial Dynamics by : William B Gartner
Download or read book Handbook of Entrepreneurial Dynamics written by William B Gartner and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2004-06-21 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This important Handbook of Entrepreneurial Dynamics reports on the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED), the most comprehensive scientifically representative study to date of nascent entrepreneurs. The book is unique because the study identified individuals in the process of creating new businesses to understand how, at its very source, people move from considering the option of starting a new business to its actual founding. This has never been done before in the history of entrepreneurship research... I cannot recommend this book more strongly to entrepreneurship scholars and those interested in where entrepreneurs come from and how they move from their initial idea to new venture founding." --Claudia Bird Schoonhoven, University of California, Irvine "This Handbook makes a terrific contribution to understanding entrepreneurship and new business creation. Its 38 chapters report major findings from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED), an unprecedented research program involving more than a hundred researchers from 10 countries. This Handbook is ′must reading′ for anyone interested in entrepreneurship research." --Andrew H. Van de Ven, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota Entrepreneurial activity provides profound positive benefits across an important set of measures of social and economic well-being, much of it concentrated in new economic sectors such as information technology. Yet, even though entrepreneurship has been shown to provide many benefits, it is surprising that there has not been a systematic study of the entrepreneurial process. The Handbook of Entrepreneurial Dynamics: The Process of Business Creation fills this gap by offering theories, ideas, and measures that can be used to explore and understand the factors that encompass and influence the creation of new businesses. The chapters in the handbook provide the rationale for questionnaires used in the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED). The PSED is a research program that was initiated to provide systematic, reliable, and generalizable data on important features of the new business creation process. The PSED includes information on the proportion and characteristics of the adult population involved in efforts to start businesses, the activities and characteristics that comprise the nature of the business start-up process, and the proportion and characteristics of those business start-up efforts that actually become new businesses. The handbook also describes the PSED data collection process; provides documentation of the interview schedules, codebooks, data preparation and weighting scheme; as well as offers examples of how analyses of PSED data might be conducted. The authors identify specific measures that can be used to operationalize theory as well as provide evidence from the PSED data sets on these measures′ reliability and validity. The Handbook of Entrepreneurial Dynamics is ideal for a sizeable audience, including graduate students, academics, and librarians in schools of business and management who need a comprehensive reference on business creation. In addition, researchers and policy makers at the federal, state, and local level will find this an invaluable reference covering all of the factors involved in new venture formation. Key Features: * Considers categories of data not available prior to the PSED * Includes a comprehensive overview of theories about new business formation * Provides demographics of nascent entrepreneurs * Analyzes the cognitive characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs * Explores all of the processes of new business formation
Download or read book Competition written by Anna Olimpia and published by Editora Singular. This book was released on 2023-11-08 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of economic agents with market power, especially those operating in the digital economy and which add unprecedented dynamic and complexity to it, has sparked heated discussions among academics, professionals, and competition authorities around the world regarding the effects of their actions on the market and consumers. Unlike classic cartels – a conduct that has been treated as per se unlawful in Brazil, regardless of the production of effects under Brazilian competition law – unilateral conduct falls into a gray area, encompassing different practices with different effects on the market. In this sense, examples of unilateral conduct that may be considered anticompetitive are numerous, both under old and new labels: predatory pricing, abusive pricing, resale price maintenance, imposition of exclusivities, parity clauses, price discrimination, discrimination of commercial conditions (self-preferencing), price squeeze, refusal to deal, among others. The competition analysis of such conduct – which may occur in traditional "brick and mortar" markets as well as in digital environments involving various platforms and arrangements like blockchain – for the purpose of a decision by the authority on whether they constitute anticompetitive practices or not, involves a highly complex analysis of various factors. The analysis must consider the presence of dominant positions, real or potential detrimental effects on competition, efficiencies, justifications, economic rationale for the conduct, and, for some schools of thought, a weighing of anticompetitive effects and efficiencies. Due to the complexity, specificities, and dynamism of unilateral practices, especially in digital markets or hybrid digital platforms, there is a question of whether the instruments currently available to competition authorities are sufficient to understand and rule on such practices. In this regard, the analysis of various cases in relatively recent jurisprudence shows a pursuit for new forms of interpretation and application, and even updates, to the methodologies of analysis and of applicable legislation, in order to strike a balance between intervention to curb anticompetitive practices to the extent necessary for protecting competition, without resulting on undue interference in the involved markets or on disincentives to innovation. Historically, discussions about exclusivity clauses and resale price maintenance have been central in this type of investigation, but digital platforms are effectively changing this landscape, giving rise to discussions on new types of conduct or more sophisticated forms of implementing traditional types of conduct, which have become possible or potentially more serious through new technologies, the broad reach of platforms, the collection of massive data, and the international nature of the largest players in these markets. Notions of relevant market, theories of harm, and standards of consumer welfare or protection traditionally adopted by antitrust authorities are under study and may be revised. The heterogeneity of legal systems in different jurisdictions is another complicating factor for national authorities in the analysis of conduct practiced by companies with market power internationally. All these analyses are present in the 25 articles written for this publication by IBRAC. We have articles focused on traditional methods of analysis in traditional markets, as well as articles addressing new trends and recent discussions in digital markets and platforms. In times of pandemic and economic crisis, as expected, approaches to prices and pricing strategies are recurring themes in the works compiled here.