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Author : Eric Strobl
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Do Large Employers Pay More in Developing Countries? written by Eric Strobl and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrea Ciani
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815585
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Author : Gary S. Fields
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book labor market policy in developing countries: a selective review of the literature and needs for the future written by Gary S. Fields and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This paper presents a selective overview of the literature on modeling labor market policies in developing countries. It considers welfare economics, theoretical models, and empirical evidence to highlight the three general features needed in future research on labor market policy in developing countries. The author identifies desirable research components (welfare economics, theoretical modeling, and empirical modeling) and pitfalls in the literature (inappropriate use of productivity, reliance on wrong kinds of empirical studies, lack of cost-benefit analysis, attention to only a subset of the goods and bads, and fallacy of composition). The paper concludes with suggested topics and methods for future research. The author states that sound labor market policy requires sound labor market models. The paper makes a case for developing policy based on explicit evaluation criteria, specific theoretical models, and comprehensive empirical evidence.
Author : Wendy V. Cunningham
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 082137012X
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Minimum Wages and Social Policy written by Wendy V. Cunningham and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering evidence from both detailed individual country studies and homogenized statistics across the Latin American and Caribbean region, this book examines the impact of the minimum wage on wages, employment, poverty, income distribution and government budgets in the context of a large informal sector and predominantly unskilled workforces.
Author : R. Paul Shaw
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821369504
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Social Health Insurance for Developing Nations written by R. Paul Shaw and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specialist groups have often advised health ministers and other decision makers in developing countries on the use of social health insurance (SHI) as a way of mobilizing revenue for health, reforming health sector performance, and providing universal coverage. This book reviews the specific design and implementation challenges facing SHI in low- and middle-income countries and presents case studies on Ghana, Kenya, Philippines, Colombia, and Thailand.
Author : Dipak Mazumdar
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821311837
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (118 download)
Download or read book Microeconomic Issues of Labor Markets in Developing Countries written by Dipak Mazumdar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper deals with labor market structures in developing countries and the impact of government policies on rural and urban labor markets. The central concern in analyses of employment is absorption of labor. Governments try to influence the demand for labor so that more members of the labor force are absorbed into productive employment. Employment outcomes are often the by-products of government policies that affect economic growth as a whole. This paper concentrates on factors that influence the structure and functioning of labor markets. In Chapter 1, a schematic picture of labor markets is presented. Chapters 2 and 3 analyze the salient features of the workings of rural and urban labor markets and discuss some important government policies that affect the functioning of these markets. The paper concludes that Government intervention in both rural and urban labor markets has often been less than successful, sometimes because their policies were based on incorrect assumptions. At other times, these policies have achieved less because the government also adopted other policies that tended to contradict the goal of providing jobs.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 145194747X
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)
Download or read book The Pay-As-You-Earn Taxon Wages written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-09-01 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
Author : Marc Bacchetta
Publisher : World Trade Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789287036919
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (369 download)
Download or read book Globalization and Informal Jobs in Developing Countries written by Marc Bacchetta and published by World Trade Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World trade has expanded significantly in recent years, making a major contribution to global growth. Economic growth has not led to a corresponding improvement in working conditions and living standards for many workers. In developing countries, job creation has largely taken place in the informal economy, where around 60 per cent of workers are employed. Most of the workers in the informal economy have almost no job security, low incomes and no social protection, with limited opportunities to benefit from globalization. This study focuses on the relationship between trade And The growth of the informal economy in developing countries. Based on existing academic literature, complemented with new empirical research by the ILO And The WTO, The study discusses how trade reform affects different aspects of the informal economy. it also examines how high rates of informal employment diminish the scope for developing countries to translate trade openness into sustainable long-term growth. The report analyses how well-designed trade and decent-work friendly policies can complement each other so as to promote sustainable development and growing prosperity in developing countries.
Author : Saibal Kar
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 813222017X
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (322 download)
Download or read book Industrial and Labor Economics written by Saibal Kar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-22 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to capture and analyze several idiosyncratic features of industry and labor in the developing world. Available books and graduate-level texts in labor economics largely discuss industrial and labor market situations prevalent in developed countries, where well-defined institutional arrangements and regulations create a very different scope of analysis. The patterns of choice in training and contracts in the labor market more apparent in developing and transition countries are discussed, as are the information-theoretic results. The book also critically examines labor migration, a context in which the developing and transition countries represent large sources in the present global order. A broad base of empirical observations from industries is used to develop analytical conjectures on risk-sharing arrangements between workers and employers, while strong intuitive explanations are combined with relevant mathematical and graphical derivations, ensuring the book’s readability among graduate students pursuing courses in labor economics and industrial economics for developing and transition countries. The book may also serve as a valuable reference guide for all students in advanced human resources courses at management schools. Presenting state-of-the art research findings in all of its chapters, the book discusses numerous institutional peculiarities of the developing world, making the results distinct in view of the general scope of labor economics.
Author : World Bank
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Unfair Advantage written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James R. Hines
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815738560
Total Pages : 585 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)
Download or read book Global Goliaths written by James R. Hines and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How multinationals contribute, or don't, to global prosperity Globalization and multinational corporations have long seemed partners in the enterprise of economic growth: globalization-led prosperity was the goal, and giant corporations spanning the globe would help achieve it. In recent years, however, the notion that all economies, both developed and developing, can prosper from globalization has been called into question by political figures and has fueled a populist backlash around the world against globalization and the corporations that made it possible. In an effort to elevate the sometimes contentious public debate over the conduct and operation of multinational corporations, this edited volume examines key questions about their role, both in their home countries and in the rest of the world where they do business. Is their multinational nature an essential driver of their profits? Do U.S. and European multinationals contribute to home country employment? Do multinational firms exploit foreign workers? How do multinationals influence foreign policy? How will the rise of the digital economy and digital trade in services affect multinationals? In addressing these and similar questions, the book also examines the role that multinational corporations play in the outcomes that policymakers care about most: economic growth, jobs, inequality, and tax fairness.
Author : Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Developed Countries New Economic Development written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by . This book was released on 2020-03-28 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological change has bring the middle class productivity gains into higher wages for majority of workers and the labor share of total income continues dropping, career paths have become more volatile and working conditions more raises need for many workers, but the different countries worker discrimination increases, when one office has different countries workers need to work together .Nowadays, the current technological changes of humans and machines, but rather an opportunity for work to truly become a channel though which human recognize full potential. As US is a high technological developed country. I assume many US employers will choose to act to be the first high technological and invention manufacturing leader to encourage which labors need to learn high technological production methods to prepare manufacture any new technological products to sell in the future US domestic or foreign both markets. Thus, it is possible that future high technological manufacturing labor numbers will be shared large go e.g. 50 to 60% future total US labor market.How can future US labor market affect job creation and productivity growth? US future economic growth requires factor reallocation across US firms and continuous replacement of technologies. US labor market influences US economy dynamism by their impact on the supply of a key factor, skilled workers to US new and expanding firms, US growth -favoring labor market includes portable pension plans and health insurance united to the current US employers, individualized wage-setting and US public income insurance systems that encourage mobility and risk taking. US future economic growth arises as production shifts from less to more successful firms though the reallocation of factors of production . US labor market can advance restructuring. Overly regulations tend to create a system in which a large share of economic activity occurs in US small firms without the ability to grow. US labor market should be organized to promote potential high growth US firms, especially through decentralized and individualized wage setting, portable jobs.In the future, US will have many key importance of high growth firms. US capitalism entails a process of creative destination. New ideas continuously challenges act structures, giving rise to structural transformation as successful innovations and new products firms and industries will arise and obsolete ones will decline in US society. Martin, J. P. (2012) studies pointed to high-growth forms ( sometimes known as gazelles) as the main drivers of this process. In the US, an estimated 1% of firms creation 40% of all new jobs and 5% create almost 70% of new jobs. A review of the studies of US firms growth reveals some common findings . US high-growth firms are crucial to net job growth, generating a large share of all net jobs . This is particularly pronounced in recessions, when US high-growth firms continue to grow when other US firms deadline. US small firms are over-represented among high-growth firms, but these US firms come in all sizes . A small subgroup of large high growth firms are major job creators. Such as US high -growth firms are younger on average, US young and small high high-growth firms grows, not through mergers and acquisition and make a larger contribution to net employment growth than do US larger and older higher growth firms, high growth firms are present in all industries. Through they are slightly overrepresented in service industries in US.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264288732
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)
Download or read book How Immigrants Contribute to Developing Countries' Economies written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Immigrants Contribute to Developing Countries' Economies is the result of a project carried out by the OECD Development Centre and the International Labour Organization, with support from the European Union. The report covers the ten project partner countries.
Author : Craig Wilson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351280465
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)
Download or read book Make Poverty Business written by Craig Wilson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poor people in developing countries could make excellent suppliers, employees and customers but are often ignored by major businesses. This omission leads to increased risk, higher costs and lower sales. Meanwhile, businesses are asked by governments and poverty activists to do more for economic development, but their exhortations are rarely based on a proper business case. Make Poverty Business bridges the gap by constructing a rigorous profit-making argument for multinational corporations to do more business with the poor. It takes economic development out of the corporate social responsibility ghetto and places it firmly in the core business interests of the corporation, and argues that to see the poor only as potential consumers at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) misses half of the story. Make Poverty Business examines the successes, failures and missed opportunities of a wide range of global companies including Wal-Mart, BP, Unilever, Shell and HSBC when dealing with the poor and with development advocates in the media, NGOs, governments and international organisations. It includes a discussion on how to use a poverty perspective to provoke profitable innovation – not only to create new products and services but also to find new sources of competitive advantage in the supply chain and to develop more sustainable, lower-cost business models in developing countries. Make Poverty Business will be essential reading for international business managers seeking to increase profits and decrease risks in developing countries, development advocates who seek to harness the profit motive to achieve reductions in poverty, and academics looking for practical strategies on how business can implement BOP initiatives in developing countries.
Author : Philip N. Jefferson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199397457
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Poverty written by Philip N. Jefferson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty is a pressing and persistent problem. While its extent varies across countries, its presence always represents the diminution of human capacity. Therefore, it seems natural to want to do something about it. Have countries made progress in mitigating poverty? How do we determine who is poor and who is not poor? What intuitions or theories guide the design of anti-poverty policy? Is overall labor market performance the key to keeping the poverty rate low? Or, does it matter how well-connected an individual is to those who know about the availability of jobs? Does being an immigrant increase the odds of being poor? Are there anti-poverty policies that work? For whom do they work? If I'm poor, will I have access to health care and housing? Am I more likely to be obese, polluted upon, incarcerated, un-banked, and without assets if I'm poor? Is poverty too hard a problem for economic analysis? These are some of the questions that a distinguished group of scholars have come together to confront in this Handbook. The Handbook is written in a highly-accessible style that encourages the reader to think critically about poverty. Theories are presented in a rigorous but not overly-technical way; concise and straightforward empirical analyses enlighten key policy issues. The volume has six parts: Poverty in the 21st Century; Labor Market Factors; Poverty Policy; Poverty Dynamics; Dimensions of Poverty; and Trends and Issues in Anti-Poverty Policy. A goal of the Handbook is to stimulate further research on poverty. To that end, several chapters challenge conventional thinking about poverty and in some cases present specific proposals for the reform of economic and social policy.
Author : Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451854781
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-11-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.
Author : Robert E. Baldwin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226036553
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)
Download or read book Challenges to Globalization written by Robert E. Baldwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People passionately disagree about the nature of the globalization process. The failure of both the 1999 and 2003 World Trade Organization's (WTO) ministerial conferences in Seattle and Cancun, respectively, have highlighted the tensions among official, international organizations like the WTO, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, nongovernmental and private sector organizations, and some developing country governments. These tensions are commonly attributed to longstanding disagreements over such issues as labor rights, environmental standards, and tariff-cutting rules. In addition, developing countries are increasingly resentful of the burdens of adjustment placed on them that they argue are not matched by commensurate commitments from developed countries. Challenges to Globalization evaluates the arguments of pro-globalists and anti-globalists regarding issues such as globalization's relationship to democracy, its impact on the environment and on labor markets including the brain drain, sweat shop labor, wage levels, and changes in production processes, and the associated expansion of trade and its effects on prices. Baldwin, Winters, and the contributors to this volume look at multinational firms, foreign investment, and mergers and acquisitions and present surprising findings that often run counter to the claim that multinational firms primarily seek countries with low wage labor. The book closes with papers on financial opening and on the relationship between international economic policies and national economic growth rates.
