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Distribution And Abundance Of Four Trace Metals In Net Phytoplankton And Seston Off The Oregon Coast
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Book Synopsis Distribution and Abundance of Four Trace Metals in Net Phytoplankton and Seston Off the Oregon Coast by : Allan Hayes Vogel
Download or read book Distribution and Abundance of Four Trace Metals in Net Phytoplankton and Seston Off the Oregon Coast written by Allan Hayes Vogel and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis O.S.U. Theses and Dissertations, 1970-1977 by : Oregon State University
Download or read book O.S.U. Theses and Dissertations, 1970-1977 written by Oregon State University and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reference written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Wade H. Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer. This book was released on 1975 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis, (CINDAS) *at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac tivity was transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 19 (thesis year 1974) a total of 10,045 theses titles from 20 Canadian and 209 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. The organization of Volume 19 is identical to that of past years. It consists of theses titles arranged by discipline and by university within each discipline.
Book Synopsis Trace Metals in Phytoplankton from an Area of Coastal Upwelling by : John Eugene Pequegnat
Download or read book Trace Metals in Phytoplankton from an Area of Coastal Upwelling written by John Eugene Pequegnat and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Short-term changes in the distribution, surface to 10 meters, of phytoplankton-associated trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, and Cu) were studied in the near-shore waters off Humboldt Bay, California, through the summer of 1971. The depth distribution of phytoplankton-associated trace metals was related to local hydrography. During periods of upwelling higher concentrations of phytoplankton-associated Fe, Mn, Cr, and Zn were found at depth (10 meters) than at the surface. During periods of non-upwelling there was less stratification in their distribution. Phytoplankton-associated Cu, Go, and Ni showed no significant increase with depth during either period. The rate of change in trace metal distribution patterns of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Zn were regulated by surface wind patterns and hydrographic regimes. Again, Cu, Co, and Ni did not fluctuate in a significant fashion. The elements studied tended to fall into three ordered groups based on their behavior with respect to 1) depth distribution, 2) correlation with other metals studied, and 3) correlation with biomass indicators. The groupings were Fe, Mn, and Cr; Zn, Co, and Ni; and finally Cu. This ordering is similar to the Irving- Williams series and to the elements relative 'hardness" as a Lewis acid where Fe(III), Cr(III), and Mn(II) are considered hard Lewis acids while Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and finally Cu(II) are considered borderline hard to soft Lewis acids. These properties are related to the relative affinities and selectivities of the elements for organic ligands. There also appears to be some relation between the physical (dissolved versus particulate form) and the chemical (oxidation state and ionic potential) behavior of the elements in sea water and their behavior in the phytoplankton. There was a negative correlation between most phytoplankton-associated trace metal concentrations (Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Co, and Ni) and biomass during non-upwelling periods and a positive correlation during upwelling periods. Copper, on the other hand, showed a positive correlation during both periods. This aberrant behavior of copper may be related to its high affinity for organic ligands and its relative softness as a Lewis acid. Since no simple negative correlation was found between phytoplankton biomass and phytoplankton-associated trace metal concentrations, biological dilution does not appear to be as important as the hydrographic regime and the chemical activities of the element in determining the concentrations of trace metals in near shore phytoplankton populations.
Book Synopsis Trace Metals in Sea Water by : C. Wong
Download or read book Trace Metals in Sea Water written by C. Wong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 913 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, rapid scientific advances have been shattering classical concepts of oceanic trace metals concentrations. Most of the data gathered before the mid-1970s have had to be discarded. Possible associations of organic and inorganic ligands with the metals were throwing views of metal speciation into great uncertainty. Biological effects of metals need to be re-examined after recent revelations of unsuspected metal contaminations in methodology. The investigations appear chaotic, yet exciting. It implies that a new order is going to replace the past. Now, an opportunity opens its door to a brave new world for the young generation of scientists to put metal chemistries in the oceans into perspectiveo This N. AoToO. International Conference on "Trace Metals in Sea Water" hoped to catalyze this exciting process of unifying various aspects of trace metals in sea water in future years o The Conference, in the form of an Advanced Research Institute supported by the Scientific Affairs Division of NoAoT. O. supple mented by further assistance of the UoS. Office of Naval "Research, was held at the "Ettore Majorana" Center for Scientific Culture in the medieval town of Erice on the island of Sicily, Italy from March 30 to April 3, 1981. It was the first organized gathering of international scientists in this specialized field. Seventy scientists with various expertise in different aspects of the subject were present: including those from NoAoT. Oo countries (Canada, France, F. R. Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, U. K.
Book Synopsis The Vertical Distribution of Selected Trace Metals and Organic Compounds in Bottom Materials of the Proposed Lower Columbia River Export Channel, Oregon, 1984 by : Gregory J. Fuhrer
Download or read book The Vertical Distribution of Selected Trace Metals and Organic Compounds in Bottom Materials of the Proposed Lower Columbia River Export Channel, Oregon, 1984 written by Gregory J. Fuhrer and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Distribution and Partitioning of Trace Metals and Tributyltin in Estuarine Sediments by : Edward D. Burton
Download or read book Distribution and Partitioning of Trace Metals and Tributyltin in Estuarine Sediments written by Edward D. Burton and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: An improved understanding of the geochemical partitioning of trace metals and tributyltin (TBT) in sediments is of great importance in risk assessment and remedial investigation. The aim of this thesis was to examine the distribution and partitioning behaviour of trace metals and TBT in benthic, estuarine sediments. This was achieved by a series of field- and laboratory-based studies investigating factors controlling the geochemical behaviour of trace metals and TBT in sediments from south-east Queensland, Australia. The distribution and enrichment of selected trace metals in benthic sediments of the Southport Broadwater (a semi-enclosed coastal body of water adjacent to the Gold Coast city, south-eastern Queensland, Australia) was studied. Sediment contamination for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn was assessed by (1) comparison with Australian sediment quality guidelines, (2) calculation of the index of geoaccumulation based on regional background values, and (3) geochemical noi-malisation against Al (i.e. the abundance of alumino-silicate clay minerals). Based on this approach, several sites were found to be strongly enriched with Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn, arising from sources related to either urban runoff or vessel maintenance activities. The geochemical partitioning of Cu, Pb and Zn was examined in sediments collected from three of these sites of sediment contamination. Total Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in coarse-textured (65 to 90 % sand sized particles), sub-oxic sediments (Eh + 120 to +260 mV) ranged from 8.3 to 194 mg/kg for Cu, 16.3 to 74.8 mg/kg for Pb and 30.1 to 220 mg/kg for Zn, and were related to vertical trends in sediment texture. The association of Cu, Pb and Zn with amorphous oxides, crystalline oxides and organic matter was linearly dependent on the abundance of each phase. For retention by amorphous oxide minerals, the trace metal retention ranged from 5.2 to 23.7 mgcjgFe oxide as Fe for Cu, 1 2.8 to 21 .5 mgpb/gFe oxide as Fe for Pb, and 23. I to 85.7 mgm/gFe oxide as Fe for Zn. Corresponding values for association with crystalline oxides were an order of magnitude less than those for amorphous oxides, indicating a weaker affinity of trace metals for crystalline oxides. The relationships describing association with organic matter ranged from 17.6 to 54.0 mgcu/gorg c for Cu, 6.1 to 9.6 mgpb/gorg c for Pb and 6.4 to 16.4 mgzn/gorg c for Zn. The in-situ solid/pore-water partitioning of TBT and the degradation products, dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), was determined for an estuarine sediment profile with previously identified elevated Sn concentrations. Total butyltin levels were (depending on depth) 220 to 8750 jig/kg for TBT, 150 to 5450 jig/kg for DBT and 130 to 4250 jig/kg for MBT. Pore-water butyltin concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 2.35 jig/L for TBT, 0.07 to 3.25 jiglL for DBT, and 0.05 to 0.53 J.tgIL for MBT. The organic carbon normalised distribution ratios (Doc) were similar for TBT, DBT and MBT, and were io to 106 L/kg. Values for the Butyltin Degradation Index (BDI) were larger than I at depths greater than 10 cm below the sediment/water-column interface, indicating that substantial TBT degradation has occurred in the sediments. This suggests that natural attenuation may be a viable sediment remediation strategy. Factors controlling the partitioning behaviour of Cu, Pb and Zn in nonsulfidic, estuarine sediments were examined in controlled laboratory-based studies with the use of combined sorption curve - sequential extraction analysis. This allowed determination of sorption parameters for Cu, Pb and Zn partitioning to individual geochemical fractions. Partitioning behaviour in sulfidic sediments was also determined by sequentially extracting Cu, Pb and Zn from synthetic sulfide minerals, and from natural sediment and pure quartz sand after spiking with acid-volatile sulfide (AVS). Trace metal sorption to the 'carbonate' fraction (pH 5, NaOAc extraction) increased with metal loading due to saturation of sorption sites associated with the 'Fe-oxide' (NH2OH. HCI extraction) and 'organic' (H202 extraction) fractions in non-sulfidic sediments. Freundlich isotherm parameters describing sorption to the 'Fe-oxide' and 'organic' fractions were dependent on the sediment Fe-oxide and organic carbon content, respectively. Sequential extraction of Cu from pure CuS, AVS-spiked sediment and AVS-spiked quartz sand showed that AVS-bound Cu was quantitatively recovered in association with the 'organic' fraction. However, some AVS-bound Pb and Zn were recovered by the NH2OH. HCI step (which has been previously interpreted as 'Fe-oxide' bound metals) in the sequential extraction procedure used in this study. This indicates that the sequential extraction of Pb and Zn in sulfidic sediments may lead to AVS-bound metals being mistaken as Fe-oxide bound species. Caution should therefore be exercised when interpreting sequential extraction results for Pb and Zn in anoxic sediments. Tributyltin (TBT) sorption to four natural sediment samples in artificial seawater was also examined under a range of modified pH and salinity conditions in controlled laboratory-based studies. Three of the sediment samples were relatively pristine with regard to TBT contamination, but the fourth was a TBT-contaminated sediment from a commercial marina. Sorption of TBT was described well by linear sorption isotherms, with distribution coefficients ranging from 6.1 to 5210 L/kg depending on pH and salinity. Sediment organic C content and particle size distribution were important determinants of sorption behaviour. The presence of resident TBT in the contaminated marina sediment caused a substantial reduction in TBT sorption due to satuaration of high selectivity sites. Desorption of TBT from the marina sediment was described by relatively large observed distribution coefficients ranging from 5100 to 9400 L/kg, suggesting that aging effects may reduce sorption reversibility. Increased artificial seawater salinity generally reduced TBT sorption at pH 4 and pH 6, but enhanced TBT sorption at pH 8. Regardless of salinity, maximum sorption of TBT was observed at pH 6, which is attributed to an optimal balance between abundance of the cationic TBT species and deprotonated surface ligands. Consideration of aqueous TBT speciation along with octanol-water partitioning behaviour suggest that hydrophobic partitioning of TBTCI to non-polar organic matter was important for pH (up to) 6, whilst partitioning of TBTOH was important at higher pH. The effect of aging on the solid/pore-water partitioning and desorption behaviour of TBT in sediments was examined. Three sediment samples with contrasting physical and chemical properties were spiked with 10 mg/kg TBT and aged under sterile conditions for periods of time ranging from I to 84 days. Aging had a negligible effect in a sandy sample with very low organic carbon content (0.2 % w/w). In contrast, for samples with larger amounts of organic carbon (2.6 and 4.8 % w/w), the effect of aging on the solid/pore-water partitioning behaviour was significant. For these samples, the apparent distribution coefficients (Ks) obtained from sequential two hour desorption experiments exhibited a two-fold increase between spiked sediments subjected to aging for 1 day and 84 days. This study demonstrates that aging effects may be an important aspect of TBT fate in contaminated sediments. Overall, the results described in this thesis demonstrate that environmental factors (i.e. pH, salinity, Eh, aging) and sediment composition (i.e. abundance of fine alumino-silicate minerals, organic matter, Fe-oxides, reactive sulfides) exert substantial effects on trace metal and TBT partitioning. The current reliance on measurement of total trace metal and TBT concentrations in contaminated sediment management may consequently lead to inaccurate estimates of environmental risk and inappropriate remediation measures if other factors regulating contaminant distribution and partitioning are ignored.
Book Synopsis Trace Metals in Phytoplankton from an Area of Coastal Upwelling by : J. E. Pequegnat
Download or read book Trace Metals in Phytoplankton from an Area of Coastal Upwelling written by J. E. Pequegnat and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Distribution of Trace Metals in Ocean Waters by : P. A. Yeats
Download or read book The Distribution of Trace Metals in Ocean Waters written by P. A. Yeats and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Process-based Approach to Evaluating the Role of Organic Ligands in Trace Metal Cycling in the Marine Environment by : Travis William Mellett
Download or read book A Process-based Approach to Evaluating the Role of Organic Ligands in Trace Metal Cycling in the Marine Environment written by Travis William Mellett and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to control by major nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorous, and silicon) growth and community composition of marine phytoplankton is also regulated by trace element nutrients (iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, nickel, and cadmium). Of these, iron is the most influential in the modern ocean, regulating phytoplankton growth and carbon export in high-nutrient low-chlorophyll regimes and exerting an important control on the marine nitrogen cycle through its role in di-nitrogen fixation. The distributions of these metals has the capacity to control primary production and phytoplankton community composition through differences in cellular quotas or metal sensitivities amongst species. The relationship between trace metal distributions and marine microorganisms is coupled; plankton and bacteria shape the distribution, speciation, and redox state of these metals through cellular uptake, recycling processes, and production of specific and non-specific metal chelators. The interplay between these chemical and biological processes has a profound influence on the modern ocean and global biogeochemical cycles. In this work the feedbacks between trace metal nutrients, natural metal-binding chelators, and marine microorganisms are examined in three distinct oceanic environments that encompass some of the major interfaces of trace metals to the ocean. In the upwelled waters of the California Current system field incubations examine the role of light on the uptake and speciation of metals; an important observation from this study was the increase in short-term Fe uptake rates for marine phytoplankton resulting from photochemical reactions of organically bound Fe, a process that may result in a competitive advantage for some phytoplankton species. In the surface waters of the West Florida Shelf a baseline study of the concentrations of bioactive trace metals and Fe-and-Cu binding organic ligands are reported between two seasons; the work identifies important regional and seasonal processes controlling the distributions of these metals and observed divergent mechanisms influencing the cycling of Fe-and-Cu-binding ligands that may act as a bottom-up control on phytoplankton communities in this region. In hydrothermal plumes along the Mid Atlantic Ridge field incubations examine the role of particles and Fe-binding ligands on the stabilization of dissolved Fe input from these vent systems; the experiments demonstrate the importance of colloids, exchange between particle phases, and Fe-binding ligand production in the stabilization of Fe far-field of these vent systems. The results of these studies present mechanistic frameworks to contextualize some of the basin-scale distributions of these metals generated from the GEOTRACES program. As the GEOTRACES program shifts progressively towards more process oriented studies this work may serve as a useful framework to test hypotheses and further characterize biogeochemical cycles of trace metals in these marine environments.
Book Synopsis Carbon and Nitrogen Reservoirs Off the Oregon Coast by : Donald Allen Ramberg
Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Reservoirs Off the Oregon Coast written by Donald Allen Ramberg and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cruise of the R/V Yaquina off Oregon during June and July of 1968 provided data for a study of the relationships of hydrographic and chemical parameters to estimates of biological activity. The emphasis was on carbon and nitrogen reservoirs. Phytoplankton pigments, nitrogen and C/N ratio were used along with AOU and the nitrate content of the water to estimate the distribution of phytoplankton production. Sigma-t, AOU, and nitrate were used to define the hydrographic and chemical conditions. Upwelling was the major source of nitrate for the surface waters, and, consequently, phytoplankton production was most intense where upwelling was active. The Columbia River plume appeared to support a sizeable amount of phytoplankton production just south of the river mouth. Particulate nitrogen increased and particulate C/N ratio decreased as the water became more biologically productive. Chlorophyll, particulate nitrogen, and C/N ratio showed the effects of upwelling and the Columbia River plume on biological production. A subsurface negative AOU core was clearly defined in areal extent and intensity. Its occurrence was explained by inshore phytoplankton production, oxygen exchange with the atmosphere, and possible in situ phytoplankton production.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Phytoplankton by : C. S. Reynolds
Download or read book The Ecology of Phytoplankton written by C. S. Reynolds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important new book by Colin Reynolds covers the adaptations, physiology and population dynamics of phytoplankton communities. It provides basic information on composition, morphology and physiology of the main phyletic groups represented in marine and freshwater systems and in addition reviews recent advances in community ecology.
Book Synopsis Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting by :
Download or read book Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diel Vertical Migration of Zooplankton in Lakes and Oceans by : Joop Ringelberg
Download or read book Diel Vertical Migration of Zooplankton in Lakes and Oceans written by Joop Ringelberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whatever theory may be advanced to explain diurnal migration, the underlying reactions involved must be demonstrated conc- sively in the laboratory before the explanation can be ?nally accepted George L. Clarke 1933 p. 434 In oceans and lakes, zooplankton often make diel vertical migrations (DVM), descending at dawn and coming up again in late afternoon and evening. The small animals cover distances of 10–40 m in lakes or even a few hundred metres in the open oceans. Although not as spectacular as migrations of birds or the massive movements of large mammals over the African savannas, the numbers involved are very large and the biomass exceed the bulk of the African herds. For example, in the Antarctic oceans swarms of “Krill” may cover kilometres across, with thousands of individuals per cubic metre. These Euphausiids are food for whales, the most bulky animals on earth. Zooplankton are key species in the pelagic food web, intermediary between algae and ?sh, and thus essential for the functioning of the pelagic community. Prey for many, they have evolved diverse strategies of survival and DVM is the most imp- tant one. Most ?sh are visually hunting predators and need a high light intensity to detect the often transparent animals. By moving down, the well-lit surface layers are avoided but they have to come up again at night to feed on algae.
Book Synopsis Real-time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms by : Babin, Marcel
Download or read book Real-time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms written by Babin, Marcel and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2008-06-05 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of harmful phytoplankton in marine ecosystems can cause massive fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, impact local and regional economies and dramatically affect ecological balance. Real-time observations are essential for effective short-term operational forecasting, but observation and modelling systems are still being developed. This volume provides guidance for developing real-time and near real-time sensing systems for observing and predicting plankton dynamics, including harmful algal blooms, in coastal waters. The underlying theory is explained and current trends in research and monitoring are discussed.Topics covered include: coastal ecosystems and dynamics of harmful algal blooms; theory and practical applications of in situ and remotely sensed optical detection of microalgal distributions and composition; theory and practical applications of in situ biological and chemical sensors for targeted species and toxin detection; integrated observing systems and platforms for detection; diagnostic and predictive modelling of ecosystems and harmful algal blooms, including data assimilation techniques; observational needs for the public and government; and future directions for research and operations.
Book Synopsis Government of Canada Publications, Quarterly Catalogue by :
Download or read book Government of Canada Publications, Quarterly Catalogue written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
