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Dissolving Plutonium Metal In Sulfamic Acid
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Book Synopsis Dissolving Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid by : William J. Jenkins
Download or read book Dissolving Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid written by William J. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plutonium metal was found to dissolve readily in sulfamic acid and in mixtures of sulfamic and nitric acid. This method of dissolution is convenient in a plant process for the recovery of off-standard metal.
Book Synopsis Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid at Elevated Temperatures by :
Download or read book Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid at Elevated Temperatures written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kinetics of the Ambient Temperature Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid by :
Download or read book Kinetics of the Ambient Temperature Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stoichiometry and the kinetics of the ambient temperature dissolution of alpha-phase plutonium in sulfamic acid has been determined. Hydrogen off-gas rates and plutonium concentrations were calculated as functions of time for a variety of dissolving conditions. Calculations show that nominal 2.2 kg Pu buttons (surface area, 171 cm2) should yield solutions containing 60 +- 10 g Pu/L after a one-hour dissolving cycle. Hydrogen off-gas rates were calculated to vary from as high as 780 mL of gaseous hydrogen per minute (STP) at the beginning of a dissolving cycle to as low as 150 mL H2(g) per min near the end of a dissolving cycle.
Book Synopsis The Kinetics of the Ambient Temperature Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid by : Lucinda Wentworth Gray
Download or read book The Kinetics of the Ambient Temperature Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid written by Lucinda Wentworth Gray and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Kinetics of the Ambient Temperature Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid by : Lucinda Wentworth Gray
Download or read book The Kinetics of the Ambient Temperature Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid written by Lucinda Wentworth Gray and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plutonium Dissolution Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A two-step process for dissolving plutonium metal, which two steps can be carried out sequentially or simultaneously. Plutonium metal is exposed to a first mixture containing approximately 1.0M-1.67M sulfamic acid and 0.0025M-0.1M fluoride, the mixture having been heated to a temperature between 45.degree. C. and 70.degree. C. The mixture will dissolve a first portion of the plutonium metal but leave a portion of the plutonium in an oxide residue. Then, a mineral acid and additional fluoride are added to dissolve the residue. Alteratively, nitric acid in a concentration between approximately 0.05M and 0.067M is added to the first mixture to dissolve the residue as it is produced. Hydrogen released during the dissolution process is diluted with nitrogen.
Book Synopsis Removal of Sulfamic Acid from Plutonium Sulfamate--sulfamic Acid Solution by :
Download or read book Removal of Sulfamic Acid from Plutonium Sulfamate--sulfamic Acid Solution written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plutonium metal can be readily dissolved in aqueous solutions of sulfamic acid. When the plutonium sulfamate--sulfamic acid solutions are added to normal purex process streams, the sulfamate ion is oxidized by addition of sodium nitrite. This generates sodium sulfate which must be stored as radioactive waste. When recovery of ingrown 241Am or storage of the dissolved plutonium must be considered, the sulfamate ion poses major and undesirable precipitation problems in the process streams. The present studies show that 40 to 80% of the sulfamate present in the dissolver solutions can be removed by precipitation as sulfamic acid by the addition of concentrated nitric acid. Addition of 64% nitric acid allows precipitation of 40 to 50% of the sulfamate; addition of 72% nitric acid allows precipitation of 50 to 60% of the sulfamate. If the solutions are chilled, additional sulfamic acid will precipitate. If the solutions are chilled to -10°C, about 70 to 80% of the orginal sulfamic acid in the dissolver will precipitate. A single, low-volume wash of the sulfamic acid crystals with concentrated nitric acid will decontaminate the crystals to a plutonium content of
Book Synopsis Method for Dissolving Delta-phase Plutonium by :
Download or read book Method for Dissolving Delta-phase Plutonium written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A process for dissolving plutonium, and in particular, delta-phase plutonium. The process includes heating a mixture of nitric acid, hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) and potassium fluoride to a temperature between 40.degree. and 70.degree. C., then immersing the metal in the mixture. Preferably, the nitric acid has a concentration of not more than 2M, the HAN approximately 0.66M, and the potassium fluoride 0.1M. Additionally, a small amount of sulfamic acid, such as 0.1M can be added to assure stability of the HAN in the presence of nitric acid. The oxide layer that forms on plutonium metal may be removed with a non-oxidizing acid as a pre-treatment step.
Book Synopsis DISSOLUTION OF PLUTONIUM METAL USING NITRIC ACID SOLUTIONS CONTAINING POTASSIUM FLUORIDE. by :
Download or read book DISSOLUTION OF PLUTONIUM METAL USING NITRIC ACID SOLUTIONS CONTAINING POTASSIUM FLUORIDE. written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deinventory and deactivation of the Savannah River Site's (SRS's) FB-Line facility required the disposition of approximately 2000 items from the facility's vaults. Plutonium (Pu) scraps and residues which do not meet criteria for conversion to a mixed oxide fuel will be dissolved and the solution stored for subsequent disposition. Some of the items scheduled for dissolution are composite materials containing Pu and tantalum (Ta) metals. The preferred approach for handling this material is to dissolve the Pu metal, rinse the Ta metal with water to remove residual acid, and burn the Ta metal. The use of a 4 M nitric acid (HNO3) solution containing 0.2 M potassium fluoride (KF) was initially recommended for the dissolution of approximately 500 g of Pu metal. However, prior to the use of the flowsheet in the SRS facility, a new processing plan was proposed in which the feed to the dissolver could contain up to 1250 g of Pu metal. To evaluate the use of a larger batch size and subsequent issues associated with the precipitation of plutonium-containing solids from the dissolving solution, scaled experiments were performed using Pu metal and samples of the composite material. In the initial experiment, incomplete dissolution of a Pu metal sample demonstrated that a 1250 g batch size was not feasible in the HB-Line dissolver. Approximately 45% of the Pu was solubilized in 4 h. The remaining Pu metal was converted to plutonium oxide (PuO2). Based on this work, the dissolution of 500 g of Pu metal using a 4-6 h cycle time was recommended for the HB-Line facility. Three dissolution experiments were subsequently performed using samples of the Pu/Ta composite material to demonstrate conditions which reduced the risk of precipitating a double fluoride salt containing Pu and K from the dissolving solution. In these experiments, the KF concentration was reduced from 0.2 M to either 0.15 or 0.175 M. With the use of 4 M HNO3 and a reduction in the KF concentration to 0.175 M, the dissolution of 300 g of Pu metal is expected to be essentially complete in 6 h. The dissolution of larger batch sizes would result in the formation of PuO2 solids. Incomplete dissolution of the PuO2 formed from the metal is not a solubility limitation, but can be attributed to a combination of reduced acidity and complexation of fluoride which slows the dissolution kinetics and effectively limits the mass of Pu dissolved.
Book Synopsis Dissolution of a Plutonium Metal Billet in Nitric Acid by : United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
Download or read book Dissolution of a Plutonium Metal Billet in Nitric Acid written by United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis DISSOLUTION OF PLUTONIUM METAL IN 8-10 M NITRIC ACID. by :
Download or read book DISSOLUTION OF PLUTONIUM METAL IN 8-10 M NITRIC ACID. written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The H-Canyon facility will be used to dissolve Pu metal for subsequent purification and conversion to plutonium dioxide (PuO2) using Phase II of HB-Line. To support the new mission, the development of a Pu metal dissolution flowsheet which utilizes concentrated (8-10 M) nitric acid (HNO3) solutions containing potassium fluoride (KF) is required. Dissolution of Pu metal in concentrated HNO3 is desired to eliminate the need to adjust the solution acidity prior to purification by anion exchange. The preferred flowsheet would use 8-10 M HNO3, 0.015-0.07 M KF, and 0.5-1.0 g/L Gd to dissolve the Pu up to 6.75 g/L. An alternate flowsheet would use 8-10 M HNO3, 0.1-0.2 M KF, and 1-2 g/L B to dissolve the Pu. The targeted average Pu metal dissolution rate is 20 mg/min-cm2, which is sufficient to dissolve a 'standard' 2250-g Pu metal button in 24 h. Plutonium metal dissolution rate measurements showed that if Gd is used as the nuclear poison, the optimum dissolution conditions occur in 10 M HNO3, 0.04-0.05 M KF, and 0.5-1.0 g/L Gd at 112 to 116 C (boiling). These conditions will result in an estimated Pu metal dissolution rate of ≈11-15 mg/min-cm2 and will result in dissolution times of 36-48 h for standard buttons. The recommended minimum and maximum KF concentrations are 0.03 M and 0.07 M, respectively. The maximum KF concentration is dictated by a potential room-temperature Pu-Gd-F precipitation issue at low Pu concentrations. The purpose of the experimental work described in this report was two-fold. Initially a series of screening experiments was performed to measure the dissolution rate of Pu metal as functions of the HNO3, KF, and Gd or B concentrations. The objective of the screening tests was to propose optimized conditions for subsequent flowsheet demonstration tests. Based on the rate measurements, this study found that optimal dissolution conditions in solutions containing 0.5-1.0 g/L Gd occurred in 8-10 M HNO3 with 0.04-0.05 M KF at 112 to 116 C (boiling). The testing also showed that solutions containing 8-10 M HNO3, 0.1-0.2 M KF, and 1-2 g/L B achieved acceptable dissolution rates in the same temperature range. To confirm that conditions identified by the dissolution rate measurements for solutions containing Gd or B can be used to dissolve Pu metal up to 6.75 g/L in the presence of Fe, demonstration experiments were performed using concentrations in the optimal ranges. In two of the demonstration experiments using Gd and in one experiment using B, the offgas generation during the dissolution was measured and samples were analyzed for H2. The experimental methods used to perform the dissolution rate measurements and flowsheet demonstrations and a discussion of the results are presented.
Book Synopsis Dissolution of Plutonium Oxide in Nitric Acid at High Hydrofluoric Acid Concentrations by :
Download or read book Dissolution of Plutonium Oxide in Nitric Acid at High Hydrofluoric Acid Concentrations written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissolution of plutonium dioxide in nitirc acid (HNO3) at high hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentrations has been investigated. Dissolution rate curves were obtained using 12M HNO3 and HF at concentrations varying from 0.05 to 1.0 molar. The dissolution rate increased with HF concentration up to 0.2M and then decreased at higher concentrations. There was very little plutonium dissolved at 0.7 and 1.0M HF because of the formation of insoluble PuF4. Various oxidizing agents were added to 12M HNO3-1M HF dissolvent to oxidize Pu(IV) to Pu(VI) and prevent the formation of PuF4. Ceric (Ce(IV)) and silver (Ag(II)) ions were the most effective in dissolving PuO2. Although these two oxidants greatly increased the dissolution rate, the rates were not as rapid as those obtained with 12M HNO3-0.2M HF.
Book Synopsis Electrolytic Dissolver for Plutonium Metal by :
Download or read book Electrolytic Dissolver for Plutonium Metal written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory tests have demonstrated that plutonium metal, as well as aluminum, stainless steel, Hastelloy C, and other alloys, can be electrolytically dissolved in nitric acid using the ''solution contact'' approach. Two sources of plutonium metal were evaluated, weapons' grade and a special reactor grade (42% 24°Pu, 12% 241Pu) from Savannah River, both yielding a dissolution rate of approximately one gram per ampere-hour. A current flow of 150 amperes was attained at 12 volts (limit of the power supply) and higher current should be possible at increased voltage. Since no fluoride was used in the actual dissolution, glass and 304 stainless steel components provided satisfactory performance. Preliminary investigations on the sludge formed (less than 1%) during electrolysis showed it to be soluble in a low fluoride-high nitric wash. The proposed electrolytic dissolver is recommended to replace the present metal dissolution process for the following reasons: (1) eliminates button sectioning--entire buttons are dissolved; (2) eliminates metal burning; (3) eliminates powder handling; (4) eliminates PuO2 dissolution; (5) reduces solids going to the recovery columns; (6) simple to operate; (7) relatively independent of plutonium metal source; (8) reduces operator time resulting in decreased cost and operator exposure; and (9) will directly dissolve many types of plutonium alloys and cladding materials.
Book Synopsis Dissolution of Plutonium Metal Using a HAN Process by :
Download or read book Dissolution of Plutonium Metal Using a HAN Process written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal stability tests were conducted with a nitric acid (HNO3)/hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)/potassium fluoride (KF) solution. The solution has great potential for use in plutonium dissolution because of the small quantity of hydrogen and other offgases produced. Tests were carried out in a Reactive Systems Screening Tool (RSST). The RSST is a calorimeter equipped with temperature and pressure probes as well as a heater that can heat a liquid sample at a programmed rate. In most cases, the calorimeter was pressurized with nitrogen to reduce evaporation of the liquid sample during heating. For the proposed solution, an autocatalytic reaction occurred between 113 and 131 degrees Celsius with 300 psig or 50 psig nitrogen inside the RSST vapor space. At ambient pressure, the solution boiled at about 110 degrees Celsius. After extensive boiling, the concentrations of HNO3 and HAN increased and the autocatalytic reaction occurred. Tests were also conducted with 1000 ppm Fe present in the solution. The range of the autocatalytic reaction initiation temperature was reduced to 105-120.5 degrees Celsius. With iron at ambient pressure, boiling still occurred above 100 degrees Celsius prior to the autocatalytic reaction, which occurred at 108-109 degrees Celsius. These results demonstrated the stability of the proposed HAN flowsheet, for which the planned dissolving temperature is 50-60 degrees Celsius. Additional tests were carried out with more concentrated solutions to further characterize the autocatalytic reaction initiation temperature. Increasing the nitric acid concentration to 3M decreased the reaction initiation temperature to 102-103 degrees Celsius. Increasing the HAN concentration increased the temperature rise of the reaction from 10-30 degrees Celsius to greater than 40 degrees Celsius. Increasing both reactants-to 3M nitric acid and 0.9M HAN-yielded a reaction initiation temperature of 91 degrees Celsius (with or without iron), the lowest observed in this study. This study was the first part of a larger flowsheet development / demonstration program for the plutonium metal dissolving process. The results of the study may be useful for similar flowsheets.
Book Synopsis Recovery of Americium-241 from Aged Plutonium Metal by :
Download or read book Recovery of Americium-241 from Aged Plutonium Metal written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About 5 kg of ingrown 241Am was recovered from 850 kg of aged plutonium using a process developed specifically for Savannah River Plant application. The aged plutonium metal was first dissolved in sulfamic acid. Sodium nitrite was added to oxidize the plutonium to Pu(IV) and the residual sulfamate ion was oxidized to nitrogen gas and sulfate. The plutonium and americium were separated by one cycle of solvent extraction. The recovered products were subsequently purified by cation exchange chromatography, precipitated as oxalates, and calcined to the oxides. Plutonium processng was routine. Before cation exchange purification, the aqueous americium solution from solvent extraction was concentrated and stripped of nitric acid. More than 98% of the 241Am was then recovered from the cation exchange column where it was effectively decontaminated from all major impurities except nickel and chromium. This partially purified product solution was concentrated further by evaporation and then denitrated by reaction with formic acid. Individual batches of americium oxalate were then precipitated, filtered, washed, and calcined. About 98.5% of the americium was recovered. The final product purity averaged 98% 241AmO2; residual impurities were primarily lead and nickel.
Book Synopsis Recovery of Plutonium from Electrorefining Anode Heels at Savannah River by : John H. Gray
Download or read book Recovery of Plutonium from Electrorefining Anode Heels at Savannah River written by John H. Gray and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in HNO/sub 3/-N/sub 2/H/sub 4/-KF. by :
Download or read book Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in HNO/sub 3/-N/sub 2/H/sub 4/-KF. written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plutonium metal dissolves in HNO/sub 3/-N/sub 2/H/sub 4/. HNO/sub 3/-KF solution to yield a Pu/sup 3 +/ solution without an accompanying precipitation of plutonium oxide solids. The reaction evolves less than 0.2 mole of gas per mole of plutonium dissolved; the gas contains only 3% H/sub 2/. About 10/sup -3/ moles of HN/sub 3/ are produced per mole of plutonium dissolved. Optimum conditions for dissolving both alpha-phase and delta-phase plutonium metal were developed. Possible applications are to the recovery of plutonium metal or the processing of irradiated plutonium metal and alloys.
