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Dissolution And Aggregation Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles At Circumneutral Ph
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Book Synopsis Dissolution and Aggregation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles at Circumneutral PH by : R-A-Thilini Perera Rupasinghe
Download or read book Dissolution and Aggregation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles at Circumneutral PH written by R-A-Thilini Perera Rupasinghe and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reversal of surface charge of ZnO nanoparticles was observed upon adsorption of citrates. Adsorption of negatively charged Cit3- onto ZnO nanoparticles make the surfaces negatively charged and this result in a repulsion between nanoparticles eventually leading to a lesser extent of aggregation. Formation of a stable suspension was also observed in the presence of citric acid. These trends observed in aggregation pattern are of great environmental and biological importance as citric acid is abandon in the environment as well as in human body.
Book Synopsis Citrates—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition by :
Download or read book Citrates—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citrates—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Citrates. The editors have built Citrates—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Citrates in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Citrates—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Application and Behavior of Nanomaterials in Water Treatment by : Protima Rauwel
Download or read book Application and Behavior of Nanomaterials in Water Treatment written by Protima Rauwel and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book compiles scientific articles describing advances in nanomaterial synthesis and their application in water remediation. The publications treat diverse problems such as dye degradation, heavy metal ion, as well as radioactive element capture and sequestration. There are 10 original research articles and one review article. The latter proposes graphene/CNT and Prussian blue nanocomposites for radioactive 137-cesium extraction from aqueous media. All reports thoroughly characterize the nanomaterials post-synthesis and describe their catalytic, photocatalytic, or ion exchange activities in contaminated water. The dyes studied in the collection are azo dyes, i.e. methylene blue and orange, rhodamine B, phenolic dyes viz. bromophenol blue, and other dyes with sulfonyl groups. Extraction of radioactive elements, including cationic 137Cs+ and anionic 125I−, is also investigated. The omnipresence of ZnO nanoparticles in everyday products and their effects in wastewater are also evaluated. Layered double hydroxide are capable of capturing Ag ions, which then has a catalytic effect on dye degradation. The nanomaterials considered are varied, viz., graphene, CNT, Prussian blue, nanoporous carbon, layered double hydroxides, magnetite, ferrites, organic powders, polymer membranes, bacteria, and inorganic nanomaterials such as MnO and Ag. The book targets an interdisciplinary readership.
Book Synopsis Nanotechnology in Environmental Science by : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Download or read book Nanotechnology in Environmental Science written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ein Überblick über den aktuellen Stand von Geräten, die auf Nanotechnologie basieren und in den Umweltwissenschaften zum Einsatz kommen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf Nanomaterialien und Polymer-Nanokompositen. Das Handbuch beschäftigt sich insbesondere mit den auf Nanotechnologie basierenden Ansätzen, die einfachere, schnellere und kostengünstigere Prozesse bei der Umweltüberwachung und Umweltsanierung versprechen. Darüber hinaus bietet es aktuelle und detaillierte Informationen zu Ökonomie, Toxizität und Vorschriften in Verbindung mit der Nanotechnologie. Das Buch schließt mit einem Blick auf die Rolle der Nanotechnologie für eine grüne und nachhaltige Zukunft. Für Forscher und Entwickler im akademischen Bereich und aus der Industrie ist dieses Handbuch, das vorhandene und demnächst verfügbare Geräte beschreibt, unabdingbar.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Systems by : José Alberto Herrera-Melián
Download or read book Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Systems written by José Alberto Herrera-Melián and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-28 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is one of the main concerns of modern societies. Climate change will significantly complicate access to quality water for millions of people worldwide and the threat of contamination of aquatic resources by poor wastewater management is real and growing fast. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment methods. Although there are numerous water treatment methods, not all of them are equally sustainable, be it environmentally, economically or ethically. For this book, some of the latest advances in sustainable wastewater treatments were collected and 13 articles selected. The selected articles deal with aspects such as the removal of nanoparticles, the applicability of constructed wetlands, the recovery/removal of wastewater, the use of low-cost bio-sorbents, the optimization of activated sludge, the application of advanced oxidation technologies, and the modeling of reverse osmosis systems. This book will give the reader an idea of the latest trends in the sector of sustainable wastewater treatment.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterial Characterization by : Ratna Tantra
Download or read book Nanomaterial Characterization written by Ratna Tantra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterial Characterization Providing various properties of nanomaterials and the various methods available for their characterization Over the course of the last few decades, research activity on nanomaterials has gained considerable press coverage. The use of nanomaterials has meant that consumer products can be made lighter, stronger, esthetically more pleasing, and less expensive. The significant role of nanomaterials in improving the quality of life is clear, resulting in faster computers, cleaner energy production, target-driven pharmaceuticals, and better construction materials. It is not surprising, therefore, that nanomaterial research has really taken off, spanning across different scientific disciplines from material science to nanotoxicology. A critical part of any nanomaterial research, however, is the need to characterize physicochemical properties of the nanomaterials, which is not a trivial matter. Nanomaterial Characterization: An Introduction is dedicated to understanding the key physicochemical properties and their characterization methods. Each chapter begins by giving an overview of the topic before a case study is presented. The purpose of the case study is to demonstrate how the reader may make use of the background information presented to them and show how this can be translated to solve a nanospecific application scenario. Thus, it will be useful for researchers in helping them design experimental investigations. The book begins with a general overview of the subject, thus giving the reader a solid foundation to nanomaterial characterization. Nanomaterial Characterization: An Introduction features: Nanomaterial synthesis and reference nananomaterials Key physicochemical properties and their measurements including particle size distribution by number, solubility, surface area, surface chemistry, mechanical/tribological properties, and dustiness Scanning tunneling microscopy methods operated under extreme conditions Novel strategy for biological characterization of nanomaterial methods Methods to handle and visualize multidimensional nanomaterial characterization data The book is written in such a way that both students and experts in other fields of science will find the information useful, whether they are in academia, industry, or regulation, or those whose analytical background may be limited.There is also an extensive list of references associated with every chapter to encourage further reading.
Book Synopsis Influences of Temperature and Salinity on the Physicochemical Properties and Toxicities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Microalgae by : Man-Na Mana Yung
Download or read book Influences of Temperature and Salinity on the Physicochemical Properties and Toxicities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Microalgae written by Man-Na Mana Yung and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Influences of Temperature and Salinity on the Physicochemical Properties and Toxicities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Microalgae" by Man-na, Mana, Yung, 戎曼娜, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: As effective blockers of ultraviolet radiation, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely used in sunscreens and can be easily released into aquatic environments. When ZnO-NPs enter the marine environment, their properties and toxicity may be altered by temperature and salinity. However, combined effects of temperature and salinity on their toxicity to aquatic organisms remain unknown. Moreover, ZnO-NPs are often coated with a synthetic layer in commercial sunscreens to enhance its adhesion to human skin and waterproof ability. Yet, what kind of coating could result in a low toxicity remains largely unknown. This study, therefore, aimed to (1) investigate the effect of environmental factors such as salinity, temperature and pH on physicochemical properties and toxicity of ZnO-NPs to microalgae, and (2) compare the physicochemical properties and toxicities of different coated and uncoated ZnO-NPs. Increases in salinity, temperature and pH enhanced the aggregation and reduced dissolution of ZnO-NPs. An increase in water temperature from 10 to 30C reduced the zeta potential of ZnO-NPs, but an increase in salinity from 12 to 32 psu and an increase of pH from 7 to 8 did not affect their zeta potential. The increased aggregate size and decreased ion release with increasing salinity, and consequently lower concentration of bioavailable zinc ions, resulted in decreased toxicity of ZnO-NPs to the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana at higher salinity based on growth inhibition and photosynthetic responses. Their toxicity to the diatoms decreased from 10 to 25C, and then increased at 30C due to the incurred thermal stress. There were interacting effects of salinity and temperature on the toxicity of ZnO-NPs to T. pseudonana; their toxicity to the diatoms generally decreased with increasing salinity from 12 to 32 psu across temperatures between 10-25C, but this trend did not hold at 30C. Temperature is a more dominant factor than salinity, as it has strong influences on the diatom's physiology and tolerance towards ZnO-NPs. Based on gene expression results, T. pseudonana exposed to ZnO-NPs at low salinity (12 psu) and extreme temperatures (10C and 30C), experienced diatom frustule damage, photosynthetic damage and oxidative stress earlier than the diatoms cultured at the high salinity (32 psu) and room temperature (25C). Changes in gene expression patterns by temperature and salinity were related to zinc ions released from ZnO-NPs, particle-cell interactions and physiological changes in the diatoms. ZnO-NPs covered with organosilane coating suppressed aggregation and dissolution of ZnO-NPs. Toxicities of uncoated and silane-coated ZnO-NPs to six different microalgae species were species-specific. ZnO-NPs coated with hydrophobic dodecyltrichlorosilane (D-ZnO-NPs) generally exhibited lower toxicity to the microalgae than the uncoated ZnO-NPs and ZnO-NPs coated with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (A-ZnO-NPs).D-ZnO-NPs and uncoated ZnO-NPs induced oxidative stress in T. pseudonana, while A-ZnO-NPs and uncoated ZnO-NPs impaired/disturbed their frustule formation, silicon transportation, and photosynthesis. This study provided empirical toxicity data and useful information for ecological risk assessment of ZnO-NPs under different environmental conditions. The results also indicate that ZnO-N
Book Synopsis Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization by : Sotirios Baskoutas
Download or read book Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization written by Sotirios Baskoutas and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-12-04 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization" that was published in Materials
Book Synopsis Lifetime and Dissolution Kinetics of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media by :
Download or read book Lifetime and Dissolution Kinetics of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology Vol. 1 by : Vineet Kumar
Download or read book Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology Vol. 1 written by Vineet Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the basics of nanotoxicity and gives a detailed account of methods used for toxicity evaluation of nanomaterials. It also gives indepth coverage of the effect of different types of nanomaterials, including organic and inorganic, on various aquatic animals, microorganisms and plants, and outlines recent challenges, regulatory frameworks and advances in nanotoxicity testing.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials: Ecotoxicity, Safety, and Public Perception by : Mahendra Rai
Download or read book Nanomaterials: Ecotoxicity, Safety, and Public Perception written by Mahendra Rai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environment is prone to suffer pollution and toxic insult from generations of nanomaterials as well from accidental releases during production, transportation, and disposal operations. The NMs could interact with and cause adverse biological effects at cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels. Assessing potential environmental/ecological risks requires quality information on transport and fate of nanoparticles in the environment, exposures and vulnerabilities of organisms to the nanomaterials and standard methods for assessing toxicity for aquatic or terrestrial organisms and human health. The systematic risk characterization and evaluation of the safety of nanomaterials require a multidisciplinary approach and convergence of knowledge and efforts from researchers and experts from toxicology, biotechnology, materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, and other branches of life sciences. Although studies are beginning to appear in the literature addressing the toxicity of various nanomaterials and their potential for exposure, at this stage definitive statements regarding the impacts of nanomaterials on human health and the environment remain sketchy requiring an increased level of precautions with regard to nanomaterials, as has happened with other emerging contaminants and technologies (e.g., biotechnology). The need for an increased level of understanding the perception of risk and of benefits will vary and is likely to influence public, regulatory, and non-governmental activities regarding risk and benefit evaluations. Systematic identification and assessment of the risks posed by any new technology are essential. A prudent, integrated, and holistic approach is required to develop best practices based on the scientific understanding about what we know and what we don’t know but need to know. Nanomaterials addresses key issues of ecotoxicological actions and effects of nanomaterials on life and environment, their threats, vulnerability, risks, and public perception. The readers learn to read bad news objectively and think about and search for ecological ‘green’ solutions to current environmental and ecological problems with blue, grey, brown, and red shades for building a sustainable ecosystem. It shows how this molecular terrain is a common ground for interdisciplinary research and education that will be an essential component of science, engineering and technology in the future. The book is divided into three sections. Section I includes general topics related to ecotoxicity of nanomaterials to microbes, plants, human and environment. Section 2 incorporates risks generated by the use of nanomaterials. Section 3 discusss safety issues and the public.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Zinc Oxide by Sol–Gel Method for Photoelectrochemical Cells by : Siti Salwa Alias
Download or read book Synthesis of Zinc Oxide by Sol–Gel Method for Photoelectrochemical Cells written by Siti Salwa Alias and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-20 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the study of synthesized ZnO powder using Zn(CH3COO)2∙2H2O precursor, methanol (as solvent), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to vary the pH. The successfully synthesized ZnO powder from the sol-gel centrifugation and sol-gel storage methods were characterized and investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence test to compare the properties of the nanoparticles. The best characteristic of the ZnO powder from both methods was observed when the powders were coated on an ITO glass to fabricate a PEC. The current density–voltage performances of both PECs were investigated under luminescent and dark conditions.
Book Synopsis Surface Charging and Points of Zero Charge by : Marek Kosmulski
Download or read book Surface Charging and Points of Zero Charge written by Marek Kosmulski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-05-14 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Most Detailed Resource Available on Points of Zero ChargeWith their work growing in complexity, chemists involved with surface phenomena-related projects have outgrown the common resources available to them on points of zero charge (PZC) of oxides. Reporting on a limited number of materials in a limited number of scenarios, these resources ofte
Book Synopsis Emerging Aquatic Contaminants by : Manish Kumar
Download or read book Emerging Aquatic Contaminants written by Manish Kumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-03-03 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Aquatic Contaminants: One Health Framework for Risk Assessment and Remediation in the Post COVID-19 Anthropocene highlights various sources and pathways of emerging contamination, including their distribution, occurrence, and fate in the aquatic environment. The book provides detailed insight into emerging contaminants' mass flow and behavior in various spheres of the subsurface environment. Possible treatment strategies, including bioremediation and natural attenuation, are discussed. Ecotoxicity, relative environmental risk, human health risk, and current policies, guidelines, and regulations on emerging contaminants are analyzed. This book serves as a pillar for future studies, with the aim of bio-physical remediation and natural attenuation of biotic and abiotic pollution. - Includes real-world applications and case studies to show how these practices can be adopted - Presents global coverage, with a diverse list of contributors, all of whom are experts in the field - Uses illustrative diagrams to provide a clear and foundational understating of the topics
Book Synopsis Mineral-water Interfacial Reactions by : Donald L. Sparks
Download or read book Mineral-water Interfacial Reactions written by Donald L. Sparks and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clearly explains how to more effectively decipher and predict contaminant fate in the environment by combining kinetic methods and molecular-scale spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to analyze mineral/water interfacial reactions in situ. The book begins with a broad overview, then continues with three sections written by internationally known expert. The first deals specifically with spectroscopic/microscopic techniques that can be used in combination with macroscopic approaches to glean mechanistic information on mineral/water reactions and processes. The second section emphasizes computer models that are used to elucidate surface mediated reaction mechanisms. The remainder of the volume is organized around reaction type, including sorption/desorption of inorganic species, sorption/desorption of organic species, precipitation/dissolution processes, heterogeneous electron transfer reactions, photochemically driven reactions, and microbially mediated reactions. Mineral-Water Interfacial Reactions will be a valuable resource for environmental scientists, geochemists, soil chemists, microbiologists, and marine engineers who need to be familiar with the most current and effective methods for testing and controlling the mobility, speciation, and bioavailability of contaminants in the environment.
Book Synopsis The Dissolution of Zinc Oxide by : Philip Leonard Weickhardt
Download or read book The Dissolution of Zinc Oxide written by Philip Leonard Weickhardt and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Particles in Water by : John Gregory
Download or read book Particles in Water written by John Gregory and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-09-06 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the authors more than 35 years of experience, Particles in Water: Properties and Processes examines particles and their behavior in water systems. The book offers clear and accessible methods for characterizing a range of particles both individually and as aggregates. The author delineates the principles for understanding particle
