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Author : Joelle Hodge
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781600510335
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (13 download)
Download or read book The Discovery of Deduction written by Joelle Hodge and published by . This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an introduction to formal, deductive logic using Socratic dialogue and discussion.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781600510342
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Discovery of Deduction written by and published by . This book was released on 2009-01-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Prentice-Hall, inc
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1020 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Prentice-Hall Federal Tax Service, 1928 Act, Former Laws and Regulations written by Prentice-Hall, inc and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rossella Lupacchini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 8847007844
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Deduction, Computation, Experiment written by Rossella Lupacchini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-25 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is located in a cross-disciplinary ?eld bringing together mat- matics, logic, natural science and philosophy. Re?ection on the e?ectiveness of proof brings out a number of questions that have always been latent in the informal understanding of the subject. What makes a symbolic constr- tion signi?cant? What makes an assumption reasonable? What makes a proof reliable? G ̈ odel, Church and Turing, in di?erent ways, achieve a deep und- standing of the notion of e?ective calculability involved in the nature of proof. Turing’s work in particular provides a “precise and unquestionably adequate” de?nition of the general notion of a formal system in terms of a machine with a ?nite number of parts. On the other hand, Eugene Wigner refers to the - reasonable e?ectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences as a miracle. Where should the boundary be traced between mathematical procedures and physical processes? What is the characteristic use of a proof as a com- tation, as opposed to its use as an experiment? What does natural science tell us about the e?ectiveness of proof? What is the role of mathematical proofs in the discovery and validation of empirical theories? The papers collected in this book are intended to search for some answers, to discuss conceptual and logical issues underlying such questions and, perhaps, to call attention to other relevant questions.
Author : Karl Popper
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134470029
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)
Download or read book The Logic of Scientific Discovery written by Karl Popper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-11-04 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.
Author : Aaron Larsen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781600510182
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)
Download or read book The Art of Argument written by Aaron Larsen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Junior high aged students will argue (and sometimes quarrel), but they won't argue well without good training. Young teens are also targeted by advertisers with a vengeance. From billboards to commercials to a walk down the mall, fallacious arguments are everywhere you look. The Art of Argument was designed to teach the argumentative adolescent how to reason with clarity, relevance and purpose at a time when he has a penchant for the why and how. It is designed to equip and sharpen young minds as they live, play, and grow in this highly commercial culture. This course teaches students to recognize and identify twenty-eight informal fallacies, and the eye-catching text includes over sixty slick and clever, ?phony advertisements? for items from blue jeans to pick-up trucks, which apply the fallacies to a myriad of real life situations.
Author : Bernard D. Reams (Jr.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2056 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Internal Revenue Acts of the United States, 1909-1950 written by Bernard D. Reams (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 2056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rolf Socher-Ambrosius
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461222664
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Deduction Systems written by Rolf Socher-Ambrosius and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of mechanizing deductive reasoning can be traced all the way back to Leibniz, who proposed the development of a rational calculus for this purpose. But it was not until the appearance of Frege's 1879 Begriffsschrift-"not only the direct ancestor of contemporary systems of mathematical logic, but also the ancestor of all formal languages, including computer programming languages" ([Dav83])-that the fundamental concepts of modern mathematical logic were developed. Whitehead and Russell showed in their Principia Mathematica that the entirety of classical mathematics can be developed within the framework of a formal calculus, and in 1930, Skolem, Herbrand, and Godel demonstrated that the first-order predicate calculus (which is such a calculus) is complete, i. e. , that every valid formula in the language of the predicate calculus is derivable from its axioms. Skolem, Herbrand, and GOdel further proved that in order to mechanize reasoning within the predicate calculus, it suffices to Herbrand consider only interpretations of formulae over their associated universes. We will see that the upshot of this discovery is that the validity of a formula in the predicate calculus can be deduced from the structure of its constituents, so that a machine might perform the logical inferences required to determine its validity. With the advent of computers in the 1950s there developed an interest in automatic theorem proving.
Author : Shelly Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781600510267
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (12 download)
Download or read book The Argument Builder written by Shelly Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2008-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The argument builder will train you to build compelling and persuasive arguments, through a blend of logic and rhetoric. You will first study the logical structure of good, clear arguments. Then, you will study how to use the various elements of argumentation, such as examples, analogy, comparison, testimony, and statistics, combining them to construct your own sound and effective arguments. You will also learn about the fallacies often committed when using these elements and how to avoid them in your own arguments.
Author : Peter Smith
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521008044
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)
Download or read book An Introduction to Formal Logic written by Peter Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal logic provides us with a powerful set of techniques for criticizing some arguments and showing others to be valid. These techniques are relevant to all of us with an interest in being skilful and accurate reasoners. In this highly accessible book, Peter Smith presents a guide to the fundamental aims and basic elements of formal logic. He introduces the reader to the languages of propositional and predicate logic, and then develops formal systems for evaluating arguments translated into these languages, concentrating on the easily comprehensible 'tree' method. His discussion is richly illustrated with worked examples and exercises. A distinctive feature is that, alongside the formal work, there is illuminating philosophical commentary. This book will make an ideal text for a first logic course, and will provide a firm basis for further work in formal and philosophical logic.
Author : Charles A. Whitney
Publisher : Knopf
ISBN 13 : 0307817091
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (78 download)
Download or read book Discovery of Our Galaxy written by Charles A. Whitney and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2012-06-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book about the mystery and the passion, the imagination, religion, and poetry, the philosophy, the intellectual flights—and, above all, the people—that have created the science of astronomy, from Thales of Miletus predicting eclipses in the sixth century B.C. to today’s scientists probing the cosmic significance of the mysterious “black holes” discovered in 1970. With authority and charm, the distinguished Harvard astronomer Charles A. Whitney here re-creates the lives and temperaments of the great astronomers and retraces the ingenious arguments, the feats of observation and deduction, and the leaps of intuition by which they have gradually unveiled a picture of the universe and have brought us to an understanding of our own planet’s place in it. Among them: KEPLER, searching the solar system for visible evidence of the transcendent order he believed in GALILEO, constructing the first telescope and proposing the concept of universal gravitation NEWTON, paragon of logic, paradoxically driven by an unshakable belief in himself as God’s appointed prophet to create a world of mathematical certainty and thus expose the wonder of his Father in Heaven WILLIAM HERSCHEL, the nineteenth-century German who may well be considered the father of modern astronomy, first man to chart the nebulae EDWIN HUBBLE, in the present century, discovering and exploring galaxies beyond our own Finally, Professor Whitney makes clear for the layman the fascinating problems astronomers wrestle with today: the mysterious nature of quasars, strange cosmic bodies discovered in 1963; the unknown forces behind cataclysmic explosions recently glimpsed in other galaxies; the elusive nature of “interstellar dust”; the eternal question of how it all began.
Author : Michael Shenefelt
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231161050
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)
Download or read book If A, Then B written by Michael Shenefelt and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2013-06-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While logical principles seem timeless, placeless, and eternal, their discovery is a story of personal accidents, political tragedies, and broad social change. If A, Then B begins with logic's emergence twenty-three centuries ago and tracks its expansion as a discipline ever since. It explores where our sense of logic comes from and what it really is a sense of. It also explains what drove human beings to start studying logic in the first place. Logic is more than the work of logicians alone. Its discoveries have survived only because logicians have also been able to find a willing audience, and audiences are a consequence of social forces affecting large numbers of people, quite apart from individual will. This study therefore treats politics, economics, technology, and geography as fundamental factors in generating an audience for logic--grounding the discipline's abstract principles in a compelling material narrative. The authors explain the turbulent times of the enigmatic Aristotle, the ancient Stoic Chrysippus, the medieval theologian Peter Abelard, and the modern thinkers René Descartes, David Hume, Jeremy Bentham, George Boole, Augustus De Morgan, John Stuart Mill, Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, and Alan Turing. Examining a variety of mysteries, such as why so many branches of logic (syllogistic, Stoic, inductive, and symbolic) have arisen only in particular places and periods, If A, Then B is the first book to situate the history of logic within the movements of a larger social world. If A, Then B is the 2013 Gold Medal winner of Foreword Reviews' IndieFab Book of the Year Award for Philosophy.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1330 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Hearings written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Tax Court
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1574 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Reports of the Tax Court of the United States written by United States. Tax Court and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 1574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Carlo Cellucci
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400760914
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Rethinking Logic: Logic in Relation to Mathematics, Evolution, and Method written by Carlo Cellucci and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-09 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the limitations of mathematical logic and proposes a new approach to logic intended to overcome them. To this end, the book compares mathematical logic with earlier views of logic, both in the ancient and in the modern age, including those of Plato, Aristotle, Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz, and Kant. From the comparison it is apparent that a basic limitation of mathematical logic is that it narrows down the scope of logic confining it to the study of deduction, without providing tools for discovering anything new. As a result, mathematical logic has had little impact on scientific practice. Therefore, this volume proposes a view of logic according to which logic is intended, first of all, to provide rules of discovery, that is, non-deductive rules for finding hypotheses to solve problems. This is essential if logic is to play any relevant role in mathematics, science and even philosophy. To comply with this view of logic, this volume formulates several rules of discovery, such as induction, analogy, generalization, specialization, metaphor, metonymy, definition, and diagrams. A logic based on such rules is basically a logic of discovery, and involves a new view of the relation of logic to evolution, language, reason, method and knowledge, particularly mathematical knowledge. It also involves a new view of the relation of philosophy to knowledge. This book puts forward such new views, trying to open again many doors that the founding fathers of mathematical logic had closed historically. trigger
Author : Catarina Dutilh Novaes
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110847988X
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)
Download or read book The Dialogical Roots of Deduction written by Catarina Dutilh Novaes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive account of the concept and practices of deduction covering philosophy, history, cognition and mathematical practice.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Ways and Means
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Tax Reform, 1969, Hearings written by United States. Congress. House. Ways and Means and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 2186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
