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Direct Catalytic Conversion Of Methane To Higher Hydrocarbons Via Oxidative Coupling Over Perovskite Type Oxides
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Book Synopsis Direct Catalytic Conversion of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons Via Oxidative Coupling Over Perovskite-type Oxides by : Wolfgang J. Garcia Barre
Download or read book Direct Catalytic Conversion of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons Via Oxidative Coupling Over Perovskite-type Oxides written by Wolfgang J. Garcia Barre and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanism-Imposed Limitations on the Yield of Higher Hydrocarbons from the Oxidative Coupling of Methane, and Alternate Approaches to Methane Conversion by :
Download or read book Mechanism-Imposed Limitations on the Yield of Higher Hydrocarbons from the Oxidative Coupling of Methane, and Alternate Approaches to Methane Conversion written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons via oxidative coupling over metal oxide catalysts is the subject of intense study as a route for natural gas upgrading. Detailed study on the reaction of methane over a mixed manganese-magnesium oxide implicates a mechanism involving generation of methyl radicals at the surface, followed by radical coupling as well as other radical reactions in the gas phase as the predominant mode of carbon-carbon bond formation. Analysis of the consequences of this mechanisms suggests that there is an inherent limit on yield, including a major adverse pressure effect, that may severely impact the potential utility of this route. Among several possible approaches to circumventing this limitation, a novel class of catalyst - transition metal-exchanged P -alumina -- has been found to be highly active for complete oxidation of methane. Results of catalytic and characterization studies will be presented.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Monoxide and Methane Over Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts by : Wenchi Liu
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Monoxide and Methane Over Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts written by Wenchi Liu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis is of vital importance in a wide range of areas including energy processing and chemical production. Catalytic conversion of C1 sources such as carbon monoxide and methane to make hydrocarbon fuels and oxygenated products has far reaching implications especially in the context of the gradual depletion of crude oil resource and the potential surge in the natural gas production in the coming decades. The control over reaction activity and selectivity for the conversion CO and CH4 in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have received tremendous attention and have been proved challenging. This dissertation focuses on the catalytic conversion of CO (Fischer–Tropsch synthesis) using supported cobalt based bimetallic nanoparticle model catalysts and the oxidative coupling of methane with noble metal promoted metal oxide catalysts. Using colloidal synthesis, a series of cobalt based bimetallic nanoparticles Co–M (M = Mn, Ru, Rh, and Re) with well-defined sizes, shapes, and compositions were obtained. Detailed synthesis procedures were presented and key synthetic parameters were discussed. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to extensive in-situ X-ray spectroscopy studies using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) under catalytic relevant conditions. Composition wise, the results indicate the surface concentration of Co on the as-synthesized Co–M bimetallic particles is slightly less than the bulk atomic Co %. While oxidation treatment led to a slight increase of the surface Co, major effect was seen after the reduction treatment where surface segregation of the second metal resulted in a drastic decrease of the surface Co content. The effect is more pronounced at elevated reduction temperatures. Under reaction conditions, the surface compositions remained similar to those after the reduction treatment at high temperatures. Among the bimetallics tested, the Co–Mn system is relatively less susceptible to surface reconstructions induced by oxidation and reduction treatments. In addition, the reducibility of Co was also shown to be modified depending on the second metal present and Re was proved to be most efficient in leading to a facile reduction of Co. Catalytic performance of the bimetallic catalysts supported on mesoporous silica MCF–17 indicates a positive effect in the catalytic activity for Co–Rh and Co–Mn systems, while Co–Re and Co–Cu showed decreased activity. Less pronounced promotion effect of the second metal on the product distribution was observed with only a slight increase in the selectivity towards C5+ products. The selectivities for CH4 and C5+ of the various Co–M bimetallic catalysts generally resemble those of pure Co catalysts. Although in extremely low selectivity, alcohols were also formed with Co–Rh and Co–Cu bimetallic catalysts. The appearance of longer chain alcohol such as propanol, which was not present for pure Co catalysts, is an evidence for potential synergistic promotion. For oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), the promotion effect of noble metals (Pt, Ir, and Rh) on the performance of MnxOy-Na2WO4/MCF–17 catalysts was investigated. The introduction of noble metals had little effect on the surface area and phase composition of the original catalyst but led to a more reduced nature of the surface oxide species. Catalytic study revealed an enhanced selectivity towards both C2 and C3 hydrocarbons as compared to the undoped MnxOy-Na2WO4/MCF–17 catalyst in the order of Rh-doped > Ir-doped > Pt-doped samples together with a lower olefin to paraffin ratio. A more optimized strength of interaction between the carbon intermediates and the catalyst surface was suggested, which in combination with the improved reducibility of Mn and W species are believed to be responsible for the improved performance. In addition, monodispersed leaf-like manganese–tungsten–oxide (Mn–W–Ox) nanoparticles and hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) were synthesized and used as novel catalysts in OCM reaction. Preliminary results indicate that the MCF–17 supported Mn–W–Ox nanoparticle catalyst showed a CH4 conversion of 5.4% and C2 selectivity of 42% with good stability over time. On the other hand, hydroxylated h-BN exhibited good activity (~20% CH4 conversion) with moderate selectivity towards C2 hydrocarbons (20%–30%). However, the hydroxylated h-BN catalysts faced serious deactivation, which was not eliminated by lowering the reaction temperature or the oxygen concentration in the reaction gas feed.
Book Synopsis Oxidative Coupling of Methane on Perovskite Type Oxides by : Wenzhong An
Download or read book Oxidative Coupling of Methane on Perovskite Type Oxides written by Wenzhong An and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methane Conversion written by D.M. Bibby and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1988-03-01 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume comprises the invited plenary lectures, contributed and poster papers presented at a symposium organised to mark the successful inauguration of the world's first commercial plant for production of gasoline from natural gas, based on the Mobil methanol-to-gasoline process. The objectives of the Symposium were to present both fundamental research and engineering aspects of the development and commercialization of gas-to-gasoline processes. These include steam reforming, methanol synthesis and methanol-to-gasoline. Possible alternative processes e.g. MOGD, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons, and the direct conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons were also considered.The papers in this volume provide a valuable and extremely wide-ranging overview of current research into the various options for natural gas conversion, giving a detailed description of the gas-to-gasoline process and plant. Together, they represent a unique combination of fundamental surface chemistry catalyst characterization, reaction chemistry and engineering scale-up and commercialization.
Book Synopsis Direct Natural Gas Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals by : Jianli Hu
Download or read book Direct Natural Gas Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals written by Jianli Hu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-25 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct Natural Gas Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals comprehensively discusses all major aspects of natural gas conversion and introduces a broad spectrum of recent technological developments. Specifically, the book describes heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, microwave-assisted conversion, non-thermal plasma conversion, electrochemical conversion, and novel chemical looping conversion approaches. Provides an excellent benchmark resource for the industry and academics Appeals to experienced researchers as well as newcomers to the field, despite the variety of contributing authors and the complexity of the material covered Includes all aspects of direct natural gas conversion: fundamental chemistry, different routes of conversion, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, reaction engineering, novel conversion concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development Discusses new developments in natural gas conversion and future challenges and opportunities This book is as an excellent resource for advanced students, technology developers, and researchers in chemical engineering, industrial chemistry, and others interested in the conversion of natural gas.
Book Synopsis Methane Oxidation Over Dual Redox Catalysts by :
Download or read book Methane Oxidation Over Dual Redox Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic oxidation of methane to partial oxidation products, primarily formaldehyde and C[sub 2] hydrocarbons, was found to be directed by the catalyst used. In this project, it was discovered that a moderate oxidative coupling catalyst for C[sub 2] hydrocarbons, zinc oxide, is modified by addition of small amounts of Cu and Fe dopants to yield fair yields of formaldehyde. A similar effect was observed with Cu/Sn/ZnO catalysts, and the presence of a redox Lewis acid, Fe[sup III] or Sn[sup IV], was found to be essential for the selectivity switch from C[sub 2] coupling products to formaldehyde. The principle of double doping with an oxygen activator (Cu) and the redox Lewis acid (Fe, Sn) was pursued further by synthesizing and testing the CuFe-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. The Cu[sup II](ion exchanged) Fe[sup III](framework)-ZSM-5 also displayed activity for formaldehyde synthesis, with space time yields exceeding 100 g/h-kg catalyst. However, the selectivity was low and earlier claims in the literature of selective oxidation of methane to methanol over CuFe-ZSM-5 were not reproduced. A new active and selective catalytic system (M=Sb, Bi, Sn)/SrO/La[sub 2]O[sub 3] has been discovered for potentially commercially attractive process for the conversion of methane to C[sub 2] hydrocarbons, (ii) a new principle has been demonstrated for selectivity switching from C[sub 2] hydrocarbon products to formaldehyde in methane oxidations over Cu, Fe-doped zinc oxide and ZSM-5, and (iii) a new approach has been initiated for using ultrafine metal dispersions for low temperature activation of methane for selective conversions. Item (iii) continues being supported by AMOCO while further developments related to items (i) and (ii) are the objective of our continued effort under the METC-AMOCO proposed joint program.
Book Synopsis Methane Combustion over Lanthanum-based Perovskite Mixed Oxides by : Hamidreza Arandiyan
Download or read book Methane Combustion over Lanthanum-based Perovskite Mixed Oxides written by Hamidreza Arandiyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents current research into the catalytic combustion of methane using perovskite-type oxides (ABO3). Catalytic combustion has been developed as a method of promoting efficient combustion with minimum pollutant formation as compared to conventional catalytic combustion. Recent theoretical and experimental studies have recommended that noble metals supported on (ABO3) with well-ordered porous networks show promising redox properties. Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) materials with interpenetrated and regular mesoporous systems have recently triggered enormous research activity due to their high surface areas, large pore volumes, uniform pore sizes, low cost, environmental benignity, and good chemical stability. These are all highly relevant in terms of the utilization of natural gas in light of recent catalytic innovations and technological advances. The book is of interest to all researchers active in utilization of natural gas with novel catalysts. The research covered comes from the most important industries and research centers in the field. The book serves not only as a text for researcher into catalytic combustion of methane, 3DOM perovskite mixed oxide, but also explores the field of green technologies by experts in academia and industry. This book will appeal to those interested in research on the environmental impact of combustion, materials and catalysis.
Book Synopsis Methane Oxidation Over Dual Redox Catalysts. Final Report by :
Download or read book Methane Oxidation Over Dual Redox Catalysts. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic oxidation of methane to partial oxidation products, primarily formaldehyde and C2 hydrocarbons, was found to be directed by the catalyst used. In this project, it was discovered that a moderate oxidative coupling catalyst for C2 hydrocarbons, zinc oxide, is modified by addition of small amounts of Cu and Fe dopants to yield fair yields of formaldehyde. A similar effect was observed with Cu/Sn/ZnO catalysts, and the presence of a redox Lewis acid, Fe{sup III} or Sn{sup IV}, was found to be essential for the selectivity switch from C2 coupling products to formaldehyde. The principle of double doping with an oxygen activator (Cu) and the redox Lewis acid (Fe, Sn) was pursued further by synthesizing and testing the CuFe-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. The Cu{sup II}(ion exchanged) Fe{sup III}(framework)-ZSM-5 also displayed activity for formaldehyde synthesis, with space time yields exceeding 100 g/h-kg catalyst. However, the selectivity was low and earlier claims in the literature of selective oxidation of methane to methanol over CuFe-ZSM-5 were not reproduced. A new active and selective catalytic system (M=Sb, Bi, Sn)/SrO/La2O3 has been discovered for potentially commercially attractive process for the conversion of methane to C2 hydrocarbons, (ii) a new principle has been demonstrated for selectivity switching from C2 hydrocarbon products to formaldehyde in methane oxidations over Cu, Fe-doped zinc oxide and ZSM-5, and (iii) a new approach has been initiated for using ultrafine metal dispersions for low temperature activation of methane for selective conversions. Item (iii) continues being supported by AMOCO while further developments related to items (i) and (ii) are the objective of our continued effort under the METC-AMOCO proposed joint program.
Book Synopsis Mechanistic Studies on the Oxidative Coupling of Methane by : Chunlei Shi
Download or read book Mechanistic Studies on the Oxidative Coupling of Methane written by Chunlei Shi and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Oxidative Coupling of Methane by Metal Oxides and Phosphates by : Robert Lawrence Tatterson
Download or read book The Oxidative Coupling of Methane by Metal Oxides and Phosphates written by Robert Lawrence Tatterson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE USING INORGANIC MEMBRANE REACTORS. by :
Download or read book OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE USING INORGANIC MEMBRANE REACTORS. written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research is to study the oxidative coupling of methane in catalytic inorganic membrane reactors. A specific target is to achieve conversion of methane to C2 hydrocarbons at very high selectivity and higher yields than in conventional non-porous, co-feed, fixed bed reactors by controlling the oxygen supply through the membrane. A membrane reactor has the advantage of precisely controlling the rate of delivery of oxygen to the catalyst. This facility permits balancing the rate of oxidation and reduction of the catalyst. In addition, membrane reactors minimize the concentration of gas phase oxygen thus reducing non selective gas phase reactions, which are believed to be a main route for the formation of CO(subscript x) products. Such gas phase reactions are a cause of decreased selectivity in the oxidative coupling of methane in conventional flow reactors. Membrane reactors could also produce higher product yields by providing better distribution of the reactant gases over the catalyst than the conventional plug flow reactors. Membrane reactor technology also offers the potential for modifying the membranes both to improve catalytic properties as well as to regulate the rate of the permeation/diffusion of reactants through the membrane to minimize by-product generation. Other benefits also exist with membrane reactors, such as the mitigation of thermal hot-spots for highly exothermic reactions such as the oxidative coupling of methane. The application of catalytically active inorganic membranes has potential for drastically increasing the yield of reactions which are currently limited by either thermodynamic equilibria, product inhibition, or kinetic selectivity.
Book Synopsis Plasma Catalysis by : Annemie Bogaerts
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Book Synopsis Oxidative Coupling of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons Andcarbon Monoxide Oxidation Over Titania-based Catalysts by : Gerald Stephen Lane
Download or read book Oxidative Coupling of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons Andcarbon Monoxide Oxidation Over Titania-based Catalysts written by Gerald Stephen Lane and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxidative Coupling of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons and Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Over Tatania-based Catalysts by : Gerald Stephen Lane
Download or read book Oxidative Coupling of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons and Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Over Tatania-based Catalysts written by Gerald Stephen Lane and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Solar-Energy-Mediated Methane Conversion Over Nanometal and Semiconductor Catalysts by : Hui Song
Download or read book Solar-Energy-Mediated Methane Conversion Over Nanometal and Semiconductor Catalysts written by Hui Song and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates that solar energy, the most abundant and clean renewable energy, can be utilized to drive methane activation and conversion under mild conditions. The book reports that coupling solar energy and thermal energy can significantly enhance methane conversion at mild temperatures using plasmonic nanometal-based catalysts, with a substantial decrease in apparent activation energy of methane conversion. Furthermore, this book, for the first time, reports the direct photocatalytic methane oxidation into liquid oxygenates (methanol and formaldehyde) with only molecular oxygen in pure water at room temperature with high yield and selectivity over nanometals and semiconductors (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide). These findings are a big stride toward methane conversion and inspire researchers to develop strategies for efficient and selective conversion of methane to high-value-added chemicals under mild conditions.
Download or read book Gas Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
