Diffused-exit Film Cooling Holes Fed by an Internal Crossflow

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Diffused-exit Film Cooling Holes Fed by an Internal Crossflow by : John W. McClintic

Download or read book Diffused-exit Film Cooling Holes Fed by an Internal Crossflow written by John W. McClintic and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Film cooling is an essential technology to the operation of modern gas turbine engines, allowing for greater efficiency and part durability. Due to film cooling’s complexity, laboratory studies of film cooling isolate various effects by intentionally simplifying or neglecting various aspects of the film cooling problem. One such aspect that had been consistently neglected by film cooling studies is how the internal flow within the turbine blade affects film cooling performance. Studies have found that feeding the holes with an internal crossflow, directed perpendicular to the mainstream flow, can cause up to a 50% reduction in film cooling effectiveness. This result is of concern because internal crossflow is a common internal flow condition in gas turbine engines. However, none of the former studies have made a concerted effort to examine the important scaling parameters governing this effect. Nor have they provided experimental evidence showing the cause of this reduction in effectiveness due to internal crossflow. In this study, a wide range of flow conditions was studied for two common film cooling hole geometry types: axial and compound angle diffused-exit film cooling holes. Internal crossflow-to-mainstream velocity ratios of VR [subscript c] = 0.2-0.6 were tested along with jet-to-mainstream velocity ratios of VR = 0.2-1.7. Film cooling effectiveness and discharge coefficients were measured for this full range of flow conditions for both geometries in order to produce a sufficiently large data set to observe important trends in the data. It was found that the discharge coefficients, centerline effectiveness, and centerline location all scaled with the crossflow-to-jet velocity ratio, VR [subscript i] for the axial holes. Temperature and velocity fields showed that VR [subscript i] also scaled the in-hole temperature and velocity fields. A swirling flow within the hole was shown to cause ingestion of mainstream into the diffused exit of the hole and biasing of the issuing jet in the outlet diffuser, which reduced film cooling effectiveness. The direction of bias at the exit resulted from the direction of the internal crossflow and was critical for compound angle holes. Crossflow directed counter to the lateral direction of coolant injection caused improved film cooling effectiveness relative to the in-line crossflow direction

Experiments and Simulation of Shaped Film Cooling Holes Fed by Crossflow with Rib Turbulators

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Experiments and Simulation of Shaped Film Cooling Holes Fed by Crossflow with Rib Turbulators by : Dale Wilson Fox (III)

Download or read book Experiments and Simulation of Shaped Film Cooling Holes Fed by Crossflow with Rib Turbulators written by Dale Wilson Fox (III) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most studies of turbine airfoil film cooling in laboratories have used relatively large plenums to feed flow into the coolant holes. A more realistic inlet condition for the film cooling holes is an internal crossflow channel. In this study, angled rib turbulators were installed in two geometric configurations inside the internal crossflow channel, at 45° and 135°, to assess the impact on film cooling effectiveness. Film cooling hole inlets positioned in both pre-rib and post-rib locations tested the effect of hole inlet position relative to the rib turbulators. Experiments were performed varying channel velocity ratio and jet to mainstream velocity ratio. These results were compared to the film cooling performance of previously measured shaped holes fed by a smooth internal channel, as well as RANS simulations performed for select cases. The film cooling hole discharge coefficients and channel friction factors were measured for both rib configurations. Spatially-averaged film cooling effectiveness behaves similarly to holes fed by a smooth internal crossflow channel, but hole-to-hole variation due to the obstruction by the ribs was observed.

Applied Mechanics Reviews

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied Mechanics Reviews by :

Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Internal Cooling Channels and Film Cooling Holes for Cooling Effectiveness

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Internal Cooling Channels and Film Cooling Holes for Cooling Effectiveness by : Emma Veley

Download or read book Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Internal Cooling Channels and Film Cooling Holes for Cooling Effectiveness written by Emma Veley and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cooling of the high-pressure turbine in a gas turbine engine is essential for durability because the gas temperature entering the turbine exceeds the melting point of the hardware. Both internal and external cooling reduces the temperature of the blades and vanes. Using air that bypassed the combustor as coolant, the convective heat transfer from the hardware to this internal coolant is often augmented by ribs or a serpentine path. To cool the external surface, coolant passes through holes on the outer wall of airfoil. The coolant creates a protective film on the surface. The shape of the cooling hole influences the cooling effectiveness of this film cooling. Additive manufacturing facilitates rapid prototyping compared to traditional manufacturing methods, which can be exploited for designing and evaluating cooling schemes of gas turbine hardware. The work in this dissertation used additive manufacturing to investigate the cooling performance of several internal and external cooling schemes manufactured in at engine scale for the unique objective of determining the impacts of the internal cooling scheme on the external cooling. A variety of cooling hole shapes were investigated for this work: cylindrical hoes, meter-diffuser shaped holes, and novel optimized holes. Once additively manufactured, the as-built cooling hole surfaces were analyzed to determined their roughness and minimum cross-sectional areas. The arithmetic mean roughness of holes built at the optimal build orientation (perpendicular to the build plate) were on the order of 10 [mu]m; whereas those investigated at other build orientations had roughness values up to 75 [mu]m. For the holes built perpendicular to the substrate the minimum cross-sectional area was usually greater than the design intent but within 15%. The additive process also created an overbuilt lip on the leading edge (windward) side of the hole exit for these holes because of the thin wall thickness in the design. Using these cooling holes, the impact of rounding on meter-diffuser shaped holes and optimized holes on overall effectiveness was investigated. The rounding, which came in the form of inlet fillets on the meter-diffuser shaped holes, was found to decrease the required pressure ratio to obtain the same cooling effectiveness. The deviations from the design due to the additive process caused the novel cooling hole shapes designed through adjoint optimization to perform differently than anticipated. For example, the coolant jet from hole designed for co-flow did not bifurcate as the computational simulation showed. The cross-flow optimized hole outperformed the co-flow optimized hole for most of the tested blowing ratio when both holes were tested in a co-flow configuration. These results from the novel optimized holes proved the necessity of experimentally verifying new designs prior to incorporating into final cooling schemes. The effect of supply channel height, number of channels, ribs, and the cross-sectional shape of the supply channel was investigated to determine the impact of each on the overall effectiveness. Designs that had high overall effectiveness from only internal cooling had less augmentation in effectiveness from film cooling than designs with less effective internal cooling. For example, a ribbed channel typically had a lower film-cooling augmentation than the film-cooling augmentation for same supply channel without ribs. However, a highly effective feed channel can obtain a higher overall effectiveness without any film cooling than a poorly performing feed channel can obtain with film cooling. But the features that create a highly effective feed channel can also cause the cooling jet to lift-off the surface and mix with the hot gas path, which was seen with some rib and hole combinations and with the triangle -- vertex down supply channels. Therefore, the hole shape, the supply channel geometry, and the junction between the two all significantly contribute to a cooling scheme's performance and all three must be considered concurrently to create an optimal cooling design.

Gas Turbine Heat Transfer and Cooling Technology, Second Edition

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439855684
Total Pages : 892 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Gas Turbine Heat Transfer and Cooling Technology, Second Edition by : Je-Chin Han

Download or read book Gas Turbine Heat Transfer and Cooling Technology, Second Edition written by Je-Chin Han and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-27 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference for engineers and researchers, Gas Turbine Heat Transfer and Cooling Technology, Second Edition has been completely revised and updated to reflect advances in the field made during the past ten years. The second edition retains the format that made the first edition so popular and adds new information mainly based on selected published papers in the open literature. See What’s New in the Second Edition: State-of-the-art cooling technologies such as advanced turbine blade film cooling and internal cooling Modern experimental methods for gas turbine heat transfer and cooling research Advanced computational models for gas turbine heat transfer and cooling performance predictions Suggestions for future research in this critical technology The book discusses the need for turbine cooling, gas turbine heat-transfer problems, and cooling methodology and covers turbine rotor and stator heat-transfer issues, including endwall and blade tip regions under engine conditions, as well as under simulated engine conditions. It then examines turbine rotor and stator blade film cooling and discusses the unsteady high free-stream turbulence effect on simulated cascade airfoils. From here, the book explores impingement cooling, rib-turbulent cooling, pin-fin cooling, and compound and new cooling techniques. It also highlights the effect of rotation on rotor coolant passage heat transfer. Coverage of experimental methods includes heat-transfer and mass-transfer techniques, liquid crystal thermography, optical techniques, as well as flow and thermal measurement techniques. The book concludes with discussions of governing equations and turbulence models and their applications for predicting turbine blade heat transfer and film cooling, and turbine blade internal cooling.

Internal Crossflow Effects on Turbine Airfoil Film Cooling Adiabatic Effectiveness with Compound Angle Round Holes

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis Internal Crossflow Effects on Turbine Airfoil Film Cooling Adiabatic Effectiveness with Compound Angle Round Holes by : Sean Robert Klavetter

Download or read book Internal Crossflow Effects on Turbine Airfoil Film Cooling Adiabatic Effectiveness with Compound Angle Round Holes written by Sean Robert Klavetter and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal crossflow is an important element to actual gas turbine blade cooling; however, there are very few studies in open literature that have documented its effects on turbine blade film cooling. Experiments measuring adiabatic effectiveness were conducted to investigate the effects of perpendicular crossflow on a row of 45 degree compound angle, cylindrical film cooling holes. Tests included a standard plenum condition, a baseline crossflow case consisting of a smooth-walled channel, and various crossflow configurations with ribs. The ribs were angled to the direction of prevailing internal crossflow at 45 and 135 degrees and were positioned at different locations. Experiments were conducted at a density ratio of DR=1.5 for a range of blowing ratios including M=0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. Results showed that internal crossflow can significantly influence adiabatic effectiveness when compared to the standard plenum condition. The implementation of ribs generally decreased the adiabatic effectiveness when compared to the smooth-walled crossflow case. The highest adiabatic effectiveness measurements were recorded for the smooth-walled case in which crossflow was directed against the spanwise hole orientation angle. Tests indicated that the direction of perpendicular crossflow in relation to the hole orientation can significantly influence the adiabatic effectiveness. Among the rib crossflow tests, rib configurations that directed the coolant forward in the direction of the mainstream resulted in higher adiabatic effectiveness measurements. However, no other parameters could consistently be identified correlating to increased film cooling performance. It is likely that a combination of factors are responsible for influencing performance, including internal local pressure caused by the ribs, the internal channel flow field, jet exit velocity profiles, and in-hole vortices.

Evaluation of the Cooling Performance for Adjoint Optimized Film Cooling Hole Geometries

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Cooling Performance for Adjoint Optimized Film Cooling Hole Geometries by : Daniel Gutierrez (M.S. in Engineering)

Download or read book Evaluation of the Cooling Performance for Adjoint Optimized Film Cooling Hole Geometries written by Daniel Gutierrez (M.S. in Engineering) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancement in additive manufacturing (AM) methods along with the application to gas turbine component manufacturing has expanded the feasibility of creating complex hole geometries to be used in gas turbines. The design possibilities for new hole geometries have become unlimited as these improved AM methods allow for the creation of holes with complex hole geometries such as rounded inlets, protrusions in the surface of the inlet and outlet of holes, among others. This advancement in such technology has sparked interest among turbine research groups for the design and creation of optimized versions of holes that showcase sophisticated geometries, which would otherwise not be possible to be manufactured using conventional manufacturing methods. Recently, a computational adjoint based optimization method by a past student in our lab (Fraser B. Jones) was used to design shaped film cooling holes fed by internal co-flow and cross-flow channels. The CFD simulations for said hole geometries predicted that the holes optimized for use with cross-flow (X-AOpt) and co-flow (Co-AOpt) would significantly increase adiabatic effectiveness. However, only the X-AOpt hole was tested experimentally in this previous study. In this study, adiabatic and matched Biot number models were built for 5X engine scale models of the X-AOpt and Co-AOpt shaped holes and tested experimentally in a low speed wind tunnel facility. The optimized shaped holes are experimentally evaluated using measurements of adiabatic effectiveness and overall cooling effectiveness. Coolant was fed to the holes with an internal co-flow channel and tested at various blowing ratios (M=0.5-4). For reference, experiments were also conducted with 5X engine scale models for the baseline 7-7-7 sharp inlet (SI) shaped hole, and a 15-15-1 rounded inlet (RI) shaped hole (shown in a previous parametric optimization study by Jones to be the optimum expansion angles for a shaped hole). Discharge coefficient, C [subscript d], measurements for the Co-AOpt geometry are analyzed in greater detail and compared against the other hole geometries tested for the study. In addition, computational predictions of C [subscript d] for a 15-15-1 RI hole will be compared against experimental measurements from this study. Results from the experiments performed at the low speed facility for 5X scale models confirmed that the X-AOpt hole had a 75% increase in adiabatic effectiveness compared to the 7-7-7 SI shaped hole. However, the Co-AOpt hole had only a 30% increase in adiabatic effectiveness, which is substantially less than had been computationally predicted

The Effect of Channel Parameters on the Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness of Shaped Holes in Crossflow

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Channel Parameters on the Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness of Shaped Holes in Crossflow by : Ellen Katherine Wilkes

Download or read book The Effect of Channel Parameters on the Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness of Shaped Holes in Crossflow written by Ellen Katherine Wilkes and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is limited information in the literature on the behavior of shaped film cooling holes fed by crossflow and even less information on the effect of crossflow parameters on film cooling performance. Here, two scaled film cooling models were used to independently vary the crossflow Reynolds numbers in the range of 36,000 to 57,000 and the crossflow velocity ratio from 0.36 to 0.64. Careful attention was paid to controlling physical parameters between comparisons to isolate the effects of internal velocity ratio or Reynolds number on the performance of shaped holes. In the process of controlling the physical parameters of the system, a novel correction for coolant to mainstream density ratio was proposed. The results of this study showed that channel velocity ratio had a larger effect on the film cooling performance of shaped holes than channel Reynolds number. When the mass flux of fluid through the film cooling holes was at the highest and lowest value, increasing the channel velocity ratio decreased the film cooling effectiveness. At a middle mass flux, the outcome was opposite such that an increase in channel velocity ratio resulted in increased effectiveness.

Investigation of Inlet and Diffuser Geometry Modifications on Film Cooling Performance of Additively Manufactured Shaped Holes in Crossflow

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation of Inlet and Diffuser Geometry Modifications on Film Cooling Performance of Additively Manufactured Shaped Holes in Crossflow by : Fraser Black Jones (III)

Download or read book Investigation of Inlet and Diffuser Geometry Modifications on Film Cooling Performance of Additively Manufactured Shaped Holes in Crossflow written by Fraser Black Jones (III) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Film cooling holes permit gas turbine firing temperatures to significantly exceed the melting point of the constituent materials by venting compressor bleed air along the surface of a component forming a buffer between the wall and surrounding gas. A film cooling hole is a passive geometric feature with performance entirely derived from the holes geometry and the operating conditions of the coolant and mainstream. Significant effort has been made to characterize a wide variety of hole geometries but no method has been put forth to determine the optimal hole geometry for a given local flow field and component. Even for traditional, subtractive machined holes this would be a daunting task, but the difficulty grows exponentially as additive manufacturing (AM) permits greater design freedom to the thermal engineer. Presented here is a validated method for determining the optimal film cooling hole geometry of both traditionally or additively manufactured components using computationally inexpensive RANS CFD. Additionally, beyond just validating existing designs, this method can generate novel designs which leverage additive manufacturings unique design space to significantly enhance performance beyond what is possible with traditionally machined holes. While this method has many limitations inherited from RANS, which we will explore in depth, it has proven robust and effective at calculating performance in any coolant/mainstream flowfield. This work stands unique in film cooling literature but will hopefully be superseded by improved methods still to come. Realizable K-epsilon RANS is validated and found to be robust in predicting the flow field of film cooling holes. This information is used to investigate the flow inside of holes where traditional experimental methods are severely restricted. Key separation regions at the inlet and diffuser are identified to be severely detrimental to film cooling performance. CFD was used to predict geometries that would improve hole performance leveraging the unique design freedoms of additive manufacturing. This resulted in large performance gains as predicted by the RANS. Furthermore, as the gross separation regions within the hole were improved, the RANS predictions of surface temperature were found to be increasingly reliably. CFD was employed to search for better performing traditional and AM diffuser designs, the best of which were verified experimentally to significantly improve performance as predicted. Finally, adjoint optimization was used to fully optimize the hole geometry yielding further improvements in performance which were again experimentally validated

Effect of internal coolant crossflow orientation on the discharge coefficient of shaped film cooling holes, ASME 99-GT-40

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of internal coolant crossflow orientation on the discharge coefficient of shaped film cooling holes, ASME 99-GT-40 by : Michael Gritsch

Download or read book Effect of internal coolant crossflow orientation on the discharge coefficient of shaped film cooling holes, ASME 99-GT-40 written by Michael Gritsch and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented at the International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition, Indianapolis, Indiana, June 7-June 10, 1999.

ASME Technical Papers

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis ASME Technical Papers by :

Download or read book ASME Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Paper

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Paper by :

Download or read book Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Flow-Induced Vibration Handbook for Nuclear and Process Equipment

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119810965
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis Flow-Induced Vibration Handbook for Nuclear and Process Equipment by : Michel J. Pettigrew

Download or read book Flow-Induced Vibration Handbook for Nuclear and Process Equipment written by Michel J. Pettigrew and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the mechanisms governing flow-induced vibrations and helps engineers prevent fatigue and fretting-wear damage at the design stage Fatigue or fretting-wear damage in process and plant equipment caused by flow-induced vibration can lead to operational disruptions, lost production, and expensive repairs. Mechanical engineers can help prevent or mitigate these problems during the design phase of high capital cost plants such as nuclear power stations and petroleum refineries by performing thorough flow-induced vibration analysis. Accordingly, it is critical for mechanical engineers to have a firm understanding of the dynamic parameters and the vibration excitation mechanisms that govern flow-induced vibration. Flow-Induced Vibration Handbook for Nuclear and Process Equipment provides the knowledge required to prevent failures due to flow-induced vibration at the design stage. The product of more than 40 years of research and development at the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, this authoritative reference covers all relevant aspects of flow-induced vibration technology, including vibration failures, flow velocity analysis, vibration excitation mechanisms, fluidelastic instability, periodic wake shedding, acoustic resonance, random turbulence, damping mechanisms, and fretting-wear predictions. Each in-depth chapter contains the latest available lab data, a parametric analysis, design guidelines, sample calculations, and a brief review of modelling and theoretical considerations. Written by a group of leading experts in the field, this comprehensive single-volume resource: Helps readers understand and apply techniques for preventing fatigue and fretting-wear damage due to flow-induced vibration at the design stage Covers components including nuclear reactor internals, nuclear fuels, piping systems, and various types of heat exchangers Features examples of vibration-related failures caused by fatigue or fretting-wear in nuclear and process equipment Includes a detailed overview of state-of-the-art flow-induced vibration technology with an emphasis on two-phase flow-induced vibration Covering all relevant aspects of flow-induced vibration technology, Flow-Induced Vibration Handbook for Nuclear and Process Equipment is required reading for professional mechanical engineers and researchers working in the nuclear, petrochemical, aerospace, and process industries, as well as graduate students in mechanical engineering courses on flow-induced vibration.

Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080456898
Total Pages : 956 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook by : Meherwan P. Boyce

Download or read book Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook written by Meherwan P. Boyce and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook has been the standard for engineers involved in the design, selection, and operation of gas turbines. This revision includes new case histories, the latest techniques, and new designs to comply with recently passed legislation. By keeping the book up to date with new, emerging topics, Boyce ensures that this book will remain the standard and most widely used book in this field. The new Third Edition of the Gas Turbine Engineering Hand Book updates the book to cover the new generation of Advanced gas Turbines. It examines the benefit and some of the major problems that have been encountered by these new turbines. The book keeps abreast of the environmental changes and the industries answer to these new regulations. A new chapter on case histories has been added to enable the engineer in the field to keep abreast of problems that are being encountered and the solutions that have resulted in solving them. - Comprehensive treatment of Gas Turbines from Design to Operation and Maintenance. In depth treatment of Compressors with emphasis on surge, rotating stall, and choke; Combustors with emphasis on Dry Low NOx Combustors; and Turbines with emphasis on Metallurgy and new cooling schemes. An excellent introductory book for the student and field engineers - A special maintenance section dealing with the advanced gas turbines, and special diagnostic charts have been provided that will enable the reader to troubleshoot problems he encounters in the field - The third edition consists of many Case Histories of Gas Turbine problems. This should enable the field engineer to avoid some of these same generic problems

Experimental Studies of Effusion Cooling

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789172910287
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Studies of Effusion Cooling by : K. M. Bernhard Gustafsson

Download or read book Experimental Studies of Effusion Cooling written by K. M. Bernhard Gustafsson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Atomic Layer Deposition for Semiconductors

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146148054X
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Atomic Layer Deposition for Semiconductors by : Cheol Seong Hwang

Download or read book Atomic Layer Deposition for Semiconductors written by Cheol Seong Hwang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering thorough coverage of atomic layer deposition (ALD), this book moves from basic chemistry of ALD and modeling of processes to examine ALD in memory, logic devices and machines. Reviews history, operating principles and ALD processes for each device.

Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers

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Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0884157903
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers by : J. Edward Pope

Download or read book Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers written by J. Edward Pope and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluids -- Heat transfer -- Thermodynamics -- Mechanical seals -- Pumps and compressors -- Drivers -- Gears -- Bearings -- Piping and pressure vessels -- Tribology -- Vibration -- Materials -- Stress and strain -- Fatigue -- Instrumentation -- Engineering economics.