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Diffraction Grating Structures In Solar Cells
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Book Synopsis Diffraction Grating Structures in Solar Cells by :
Download or read book Diffraction Grating Structures in Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sub-wavelength periodic texturing (gratings) of crystalline-silicon (c-Si) surfaces for solar cell applications can be designed for maximizing optical absorption in thin c-Si films. We have investigated c-Si grating structures using rigorous modeling, hemispherical reflectance, and internal quantum efficiency measurements. Model calculations predict almost (approximately)100% energy coupling into obliquely propagating diffraction orders. By fabrication and optical characterization of a wide range of 1D & 2D c-Si grating structures, we have achieved broad-band, low ((approximately) 5%) reflectance without an anti-reflection film. By integrating grating structures into conventional solar cell designs, we have demonstrated short-circuit current density enhancements of 3.4 and 4.1 mA/cm2 for rectangular and triangular 1D grating structures compared to planar controls. The effective path length enhancements due to these gratings were 2.2 and 1.7, respectively. Optimized 2D gratings are expected to have even better performance.
Book Synopsis Design and Fabrication of Photonic Crystals and Diffraction Gratings for Ultra Thin Film Si Solar Cells by : Xianqin Meng
Download or read book Design and Fabrication of Photonic Crystals and Diffraction Gratings for Ultra Thin Film Si Solar Cells written by Xianqin Meng and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gratings are considered. The goal is to integrate such structures into ultra-thin film silicon photovoltaic solar cells, with a view to improve their conversion efficiency. First, a PCs assisted ultra-thin film crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell is designed optimized by using the Finite Different Time Domain (FDTD) approach. An increase over50% is achieved for the absorption, as integrated over the whole spectral range, by patterning a 2D PCs in the active Si layer. This enhancement is achieved by combining Slow Bloch modes and Fabry-Perot modes. In order to fabricate such solar cells, we developed a process based on Laser Holographic Lithography, Reactive Ion Etching and Inductivity Coupled Plasma etching. We have investigated the influence of the parameters taking part in these processes on the obtained patterns. Finally the optical and electrical properties of the devices have been characterized by our co-workers at IMEC, Belgium. Absorption measurements are in good agreement with the theoretical simulations. Moreover, the integrated absorption is tolerant with regard to the sunlight angle of incidence. The final fabricated 2D PCs patterned solar cell exhibits a 20% higher short circuit current (Jsc = 15mA/cm2) than the reference. Additionally, a more complex thin film c-Si solar cells integrating front and back diffraction gratings has been designed. Long wavelength absorption is increased thanks to the long period (750 nm) back grating, while the incident light reflection is reduced by using a short period (250 nm) front grating. A short-circuit current increase up to 30 mA/cm2 is predicted for this device, far above the 18 mA/cm2 value for the unpatterned reference These are first steps towards the development of a future generation of PC and diffraction grating assisted solar cells.
Book Synopsis Photon Management in Solar Cells by : Ralf B. Wehrspohn
Download or read book Photon Management in Solar Cells written by Ralf B. Wehrspohn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by renowned experts in the field of photon management in solar cells, this one-stop reference gives an introduction to the physics of light management in solar cells, and discusses the different concepts and methods of applying photon management. The authors cover the physics, principles, concepts, technologies, and methods used, explaining how to increase the efficiency of solar cells by splitting or modifying the solar spectrum before they absorb the sunlight. In so doing, they present novel concepts and materials allowing for the cheaper, more flexible manufacture of solar cells and systems. For educational purposes, the authors have split the reasons for photon management into spatial and spectral light management. Bridging the gap between the photonics and the photovoltaics communities, this is an invaluable reference for materials scientists, physicists in industry, experimental physicists, lecturers in physics, Ph.D. students in physics and material sciences, engineers in power technology, applied and surface physicists.
Book Synopsis Wavelength-scale Dielectric Diffraction Gratings for Light Trapping in Ingaas/gaas Quantum Well Solar Cells by : Samuel Turner
Download or read book Wavelength-scale Dielectric Diffraction Gratings for Light Trapping in Ingaas/gaas Quantum Well Solar Cells written by Samuel Turner and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A light trapping structure can improve the efficiency of a photovoltaic device by increasing the path length for weakly absorbed light, and hence reduce the cost of solar electricity. With a broad scope for their application to photovoltaic devices of varied design and composition, the study of light trapping structures holds promise for a photovoltaic industry undergoing rapid growth. Wavelength-scale dielectric diffraction gratings have recently received significant attention as light trapping structures whose theoretical upper limits for path length enhancement exceed the Lambertian light trapping limit conventionally applied to wafer-based devices. Metallic diffraction gratings suffer from losses that place constraints on their structural parameters, limiting their light trapping efficiency. This work investigates the light trapping properties of wavelength-scale TiO2 diffraction gratings, exploring a range of designs and drawing direct comparisons with optimum silver diffraction gratings and the Lambertian light trapping limit. InGaAs/GaAs quantum well solar cells (QWSC) form the material system which facilitates this study, wherein the wavelengths longer than the bandgap of GaAs (873 nm), that are weakly absorbed by the quantum wells (QWs), are studied. Ultimately however, the theoretical and experimental investigations of this study aim to provide insights that can be considered more generally across a broad range of devices and material systems. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations are used to study wavelength-scale TiO2 diffraction gratings for light trapping in InGaAs/GaAs QWSCs. The designs investigated include symmetric rectangular strip, symmetric square pillar and asymmetric skewed pyramid diffraction gratings. The ratio of this enhancement to the maximum achievable enhancement - that is, without transmission losses - is 33 %, 77 % and 75 % for the optimum TiO2 rectangular strip, square pillar and skewed pyramid diffraction gratings, respectively. The optimum TiO2 square pillar and skewed pyramid diffraction gratings perform comparably with relative enhancements greater than that of the optimum TiO2 rectangular strip diffraction grating and nearest that of the Lambertian light trapping limit (97 %). All three optimum designs outperform an optimum silver square pillar diffraction grating whose relative enhancement is 28 %. Experimentally, an InGaAs/GaAs QWSC structure is grown through metal organic chemical vapour deposition on a semi-insulating (SI) GaAs substrate. TiO2 and silver square pillar diffraction gratings are fabricated on the rear of InGaAs/GaAs QWSCs using a single layer, positive resist lithographic lift-off process with the techniques of electron beam lithography and electron beam evaporation. The structural parameters of the silver square pillar diffraction grating are optimal (50 nm in height), whereas those of the TiO2 square pillar diffraction grating (83 +/- 5 nm in height) represent a compromise between performance and what is practicably achievable with respect to the optimum height of approximately 500 nm that is calculated through FDTD simulations. The TiO2 and silver square pillar diffraction gratings generate enhancements in short-circuit current density of 0.2 mAcm-2 and 0.6 mAcm-2, respectively. For the TiO2 square pillar diffraction grating to provide enhancement that surpasses not only that of the silver square pillar diffraction grating but approaches the theoretical ideal defined through FDTD simulations new strategies for fabrication are required and discussed.
Book Synopsis Photon Management in Solar Cells by : Ralf B. Wehrspohn
Download or read book Photon Management in Solar Cells written by Ralf B. Wehrspohn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by renowned experts in the field of photon management in solar cells, this one-stop reference gives an introduction to the physics of light management in solar cells, and discusses the different concepts and methods of applying photon management. The authors cover the physics, principles, concepts, technologies, and methods used, explaining how to increase the efficiency of solar cells by splitting or modifying the solar spectrum before they absorb the sunlight. In so doing, they present novel concepts and materials allowing for the cheaper, more flexible manufacture of solar cells and systems. For educational purposes, the authors have split the reasons for photon management into spatial and spectral light management. Bridging the gap between the photonics and the photovoltaics communities, this is an invaluable reference for materials scientists, physicists in industry, experimental physicists, lecturers in physics, Ph.D. students in physics and material sciences, engineers in power technology, applied and surface physicists.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Nano Solar Cells by : Ning Dai
Download or read book Introduction to Nano Solar Cells written by Ning Dai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-02-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the applications of nanomaterials and nanostructures in photovoltaic solar cells, elaborates how they can help achieve high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and introduces readers to the important work done in this field. It covers the basic physical properties of semiconductors and nanomaterials, as well as the formation and characteristics of the p–n junction and the heterojunction; the basic working principle and structures of nano photovoltaic cells; the important parts of nano photovoltaic cells, namely nano surface trapping and electrodes; nano solar cells based on quantum dots, quantum wires, and organic-inorganic hybrid nano photovoltaic cells; and some reported high-efficiency photovoltaic cells. It also discusses various device structures and important growth techniques for obtaining nanomaterials for solar cells. The book will serve as a useful reference or textbook for researchers, teachers, engineers, and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Large Scale Renewable Power Generation by : Jahangir Hossain
Download or read book Large Scale Renewable Power Generation written by Jahangir Hossain and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-28 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the issues of integrating large-scale renewable power generation into existing grids. The issues covered in this book include different types of renewable power generation along with their transmission and distribution, storage and protection. It also contains the development of medium voltage converters for step-up-transformer-less direct grid integration of renewable generation units, grid codes and resiliency analysis for large-scale renewable power generation, active power and frequency control and HVDC transmission. The emerging SMES technology for controlling and integrating large-scale renewable power systems is also discussed. Since the protection issues with large-scale distributed renewable power systems are different compared to the existing protection system for one way power flow, this book includes a new protection technique for renewable generators along with the inclusion of current status of smart grid. This book is a good reference for the researchers who are working the area of renewable power generation and smart grids.
Book Synopsis Nanotechnology in Australia by : Deborah M. Kane
Download or read book Nanotechnology in Australia written by Deborah M. Kane and published by Pan Stanford Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-11 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports current nanotechnology research from Australia, in addition to being the first trial of a new workshop program for the professional development of early career researchers (ECRs, including research students). It showcases the professional talents and high-quality writing of ECRs and also describes the workshop program, organized under the auspices of the Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network, designed to facilitate this. The nanotechnology research topics include plasmonics, the building blocks of plasmonic circuits; the use of metal nanoparticles to improve infrared light trapping in solar cell applications; methods for the bulk synthesis of graphene; synthesis of nanorods of vanadium compounds for energy storage; nanodiamonds, superparamagnetic nanoparticles and synthesis of hollow nanostructured silica, along with a discussion of their applications; molecular dynamics modelling of self-cleaning coatings; metal nanostructure-enhanced fluorescence and its biological applications; luminescent nano-bioprobes for bioassays and bioimaging; biomimicry leading to olfactory nano-biosensors; and superparamagnetic nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents.
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Solar Cells by : Narottam Das
Download or read book Nanostructured Solar Cells written by Narottam Das and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-02-22 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured solar cells are very important in renewable energy sector as well as in environmental aspects, because it is environment friendly. The nano-grating structures (such as triangular or conical shaped) have a gradual change in refractive index which acts as a multilayer antireflective coating that is leading to reduced light reflection losses over broadband ranges of wavelength and angle of incidence. There are different types of losses in solar cells that always reduce the conversion efficiency, but the light reflection loss is the most important factor that decreases the conversion efficiency of solar cells significantly. The antireflective coating is an optical coating which is applied to the surface of lenses or any optical devices to reduce the light reflection losses. This coating assists for the light trapping capturing capacity or improves the efficiency of optical devices, such as lenses or solar cells. Hence, the multilayer antireflective coatings can reduce the light reflection losses and increases the conversion efficiency of nanostructured solar cells.
Book Synopsis Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells by : Saleem Hussain Zaidi
Download or read book Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Saleem Hussain Zaidi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-02 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on crystalline silicon solar cell science and technology. It is written from the perspective of an experimentalist with extensive hands-on experience in modeling, fabrication, and characterization. A practical approach to solar cell fabrication is presented in terms of its three components: materials, electrical, and optical. The materials section describes wafer processing methods including saw damage removal, texturing, diffusion, and surface passivation. The electrical section focuses on formation of ohmic contacts on n and p-doped surfaces. The optical section illustrates light interaction with textured silicon surfaces in terms of geometrical, diffractive and physical optics, transmission, and surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy. A final chapter analyzes performance of solar cells, fabricated with a wide range of process parameters. A brief economic analysis on the merits of crystalline silicon-based photovoltaic technology as a cottage industry is also included./div This professional reference will be an important resource for practicing engineers and technicians working with solar cell and PV manufacturing and renewable energy technologies, as well as upper-level engineering and material science students. Presents a practical approach to solar cell fabrication, and characterization; Offers modular methodology with detailed equipment and process parameters supported by experimental results; Includes processing diagrams and tables for 16% efficient solar cell fabrication.
Book Synopsis Solar Power Generation by : P. Jayarama Reddy
Download or read book Solar Power Generation written by P. Jayarama Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-03-22 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a global perspective of the current state of affairs in the field of solar power engineering. In four parts, this well-researched volume informs about: Established solar PV (photovoltaic) technologies Third-generation PV technologies based on new materials with potential for low-cost large-scale production Solar cell technology based on new (third-generation) concepts, such as quantum dot solar cells and nano wire solar cells using silicon and compound semiconductors Economic implications and effects, as well as policies and incentives in various countries of the world involved with solar energy implementation In addition to discussing manufacturing facts and implementation issues, this book emphasizes the implications of policy measures in countries with good PV activity, such as Japan, China, India, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, the United States, and Canada. This volume is intended as a reference for a global audience of advanced students and R&D and industry professionals, as well as investors and policy-makers with fundamental knowledge of photovoltaic technology.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Perovskite Solar Cells, Volume 3 by : Jiangzhao Chen
Download or read book Handbook of Perovskite Solar Cells, Volume 3 written by Jiangzhao Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-10-29 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as one of the most promising new solar cells, with strong commercial potential. Several challenges remain before PSCs can be released in wide-scale commercial application. This book highlights the opportunities, advancements, and critical challenges involved in the commercial application of PSCs. It discusses large area fabrication, long-term stability, lead management, encapsulation techniques, as well as a commercial roadmap and current and future trends. This volume: Details the importance of lead management strategies to minimize toxicity. Shares progress on photon management. Discusses advances and challenges in enlarging perovskite use and the key factors restraining upscaling. Highlights issues around long-term stability of PSCs. Summarizes commercial advances around the industrialization of PSCs. This book is aimed at researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals in materials, energy, and related areas of engineering who are interested in development and commercialization of photovoltaic technologies.
Book Synopsis Diffractive Optics for Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells by : Christian Stefano Schuster
Download or read book Diffractive Optics for Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells written by Christian Stefano Schuster and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-26 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis introduces a figure of merit for light trapping with photonic nanostructures and shows how different light trapping methods compare, irrespective of material, absorber thickness or type of nanostructure. It provides an overview of the essential aspects of light trapping, offering a solid basis for future designs. Light trapping with photonic nanostructures is a powerful method of increasing the absorption in thin film solar cells. Many light trapping methods have been studied, but to date there has been no comprehensive figure of merit to compare these different methods quantitatively. This comparison allows us to establish important design rules for highly performing structures; one such rule is the structuring of the absorber layer from both sides, for which the authors introduce a novel and simple layer-transfer technique. A closely related issue is the question of plasmonic vs. dielectric nanostructures; the authors present an experimental demonstration, aided by a detailed theoretical assessment, highlighting the importance of considering the multipass nature of light trapping in a thin film, which is an essential effect that has been neglected in previous work and which allows us to quantify the parasitic losses.
Book Synopsis Nanotechnology for Photovoltaics by : Loucas Tsakalakos
Download or read book Nanotechnology for Photovoltaics written by Loucas Tsakalakos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current concerns regarding greenhouse gas-related environmental effects, energy security, and the rising costs of fossil fuel-based energy has renewed interest in solar energy in general and photovotaics in particular. Exploring state-of-the-art developments from a practical point of view, Nanotechnology for Photovoltaics examines issues in increas
Book Synopsis Advances in Energy Research, Vol. 1 by : Suneet Singh
Download or read book Advances in Energy Research, Vol. 1 written by Suneet Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-07 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER 2017), which cover topics ranging from energy optimization, generation, storage and distribution, and emerging technologies, to energy management, policy, and economics. The book is inter-disciplinary in scope and addresses a host of different areas relevant to energy research, making it of interest to scientists, policymakers, students, economists, rural activists, and social scientists alike.
Book Synopsis Optoelectronics by : Mike Haidar Shahine
Download or read book Optoelectronics written by Mike Haidar Shahine and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a unique collection of the latest developments in the rapidly developing world of optoelectronics. The contributing authors to this book are a group of internationally distinguished researchers. This book consists of a collection of chapters divided into two sections, with the first section covering new applications and the second section covering materials and crystal structures topics to support future generations of optoelectronic devices and open the door for future, more demanding applications. This collection of chapters will be of considerable interest to scientists, engineers, physicists, and technologists working in research and development in the fields of optoelectronics and photonics, as well as to young researchers who are at the beginning of their career.
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Solar Cells by : Guanying Chen
Download or read book Nanostructured Solar Cells written by Guanying Chen and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Nanostructured Solar Cells" that was published in Nanomaterials
