Different And Unequal

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Unequal Treatment

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030908265X
Total Pages : 781 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Unequal Treatment by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Unequal Treatment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-06 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.

Separate and Unequal

Author : Amir S. Cheshin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674029526
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Separate and Unequal by : Amir S. Cheshin

Download or read book Separate and Unequal written by Amir S. Cheshin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This vivid behind-the-scenes account of Israeli rule in Jerusalem details for the first time the Jewish state's attempt to lay claim to all of Jerusalem, even when that meant implementing harsh policies toward the city's Arab population. The authors, Jerusalemites from the spheres of politics, journalism, and the military, have themselves been players in the drama that has unfolded in east Jerusalem in recent years and appears now to be at a climax. They have also had access to a wide range of official documents that reveal the making and implementation of Israeli policy toward Jerusalem. Their book discloses the details of Israel's discriminatory policies toward Jerusalem Arabs and shows how Israeli leaders mishandled everything from security and housing to schools and sanitation services, to the detriment of not only the Palestinian residents but also Israel's own agenda. Separate and Unequal is a history of lost opportunities to unite the peoples of Jerusalem. A central focus of the book is Teddy Kollek, the city's outspoken mayor for nearly three decades, whose failures have gone largely unreported until now. But Kollek is only one character in a cast that includes prime ministers, generals, terrorists, European and American leaders, Arab shopkeepers, Israeli policemen, and Palestinian schoolchildren. The story the authors tell is as dramatic and poignant as the mosaic of religious and ethnic groups that call Jerusalem home. And coming at a time of renewed crisis, it offers a startling perspective on past mistakes that can point the way toward more equitable treatment of all Jerusalemites.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Unequal Childhoods

Author : Annette Lareau
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520239504
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Unequal Childhoods by : Annette Lareau

Download or read book Unequal Childhoods written by Annette Lareau and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2003-09-11 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description

Social Class and Changing Families in an Unequal America

Author : Marcia Carlson
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804770891
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Class and Changing Families in an Unequal America by : Marcia Carlson

Download or read book Social Class and Changing Families in an Unequal America written by Marcia Carlson and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-21 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an up-to-the-moment assessment of the condition of the American family in an era of growing inequality.

Categorically Unequal

Author : Douglas S. Massey
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610443802
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Categorically Unequal by : Douglas S. Massey

Download or read book Categorically Unequal written by Douglas S. Massey and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2007-04-02 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States holds the dubious distinction of having the most unequal income distribution of any advanced industrialized nation. While other developed countries face similar challenges from globalization and technological change, none rivals America's singularly poor record for equitably distributing the benefits and burdens of recent economic shifts. In Categorically Unequal, Douglas Massey weaves together history, political economy, and even neuropsychology to provide a comprehensive explanation of how America's culture and political system perpetuates inequalities between different segments of the population. Categorically Unequal is striking both for its theoretical originality and for the breadth of topics it covers. Massey argues that social inequalities arise from the universal human tendency to place others into social categories. In America, ethnic minorities, women, and the poor have consistently been the targets of stereotyping, and as a result, they have been exploited and discriminated against throughout the nation's history. African-Americans continue to face discrimination in markets for jobs, housing, and credit. Meanwhile, the militarization of the U.S.-Mexican border has discouraged Mexican migrants from leaving the United States, creating a pool of exploitable workers who lack the legal rights of citizens. Massey also shows that women's advances in the labor market have been concentrated among the affluent and well-educated, while low-skilled female workers have been relegated to occupations that offer few chances for earnings mobility. At the same time, as the wages of low-income men have fallen, more working-class women are remaining unmarried and raising children on their own. Even as minorities and women continue to face these obstacles, the progressive legacy of the New Deal has come under frontal assault. The government has passed anti-union legislation, made taxes more regressive, allowed the real value of the federal minimum wage to decline, and drastically cut social welfare spending. As a result, the income gap between the richest and poorest has dramatically widened since 1980. Massey attributes these anti-poor policies in part to the increasing segregation of neighborhoods by income, which has insulated the affluent from the social consequences of poverty, and to the disenfranchisement of the poor, as the population of immigrants, prisoners, and ex-felons swells. America's unrivaled disparities are not simply the inevitable result of globalization and technological change. As Massey shows, privileged groups have systematically exploited and excluded many of their fellow Americans. By delving into the root causes of inequality in America, Categorically Unequal provides a compelling argument for the creation of a more equitable society. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation's Centennial Series

Unequal Childhoods

Author : Annette Lareau
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520271424
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Unequal Childhoods by : Annette Lareau

Download or read book Unequal Childhoods written by Annette Lareau and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a powerful portrayal of class inequalities in the United States. It contains insightful analysis of the processes through which inequality is reproduced, and it frankly engages with methodological and analytic dilemmas usually glossed over in academic texts.

Unequal City

Author : Carla Shedd
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610448529
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Unequal City by : Carla Shedd

Download or read book Unequal City written by Carla Shedd and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chicago has long struggled with racial residential segregation, high rates of poverty, and deepening class stratification, and it can be a challenging place for adolescents to grow up. Unequal City examines the ways in which Chicago’s most vulnerable residents navigate their neighborhoods, life opportunities, and encounters with the law. In this pioneering analysis of the intersection of race, place, and opportunity, sociologist and criminal justice expert Carla Shedd illuminates how schools either reinforce or ameliorate the social inequalities that shape the worlds of these adolescents. Shedd draws from an array of data and in-depth interviews with Chicago youth to offer new insight into this understudied group. Focusing on four public high schools with differing student bodies, Shedd reveals how the predominantly low-income African American students at one school encounter obstacles their more affluent, white counterparts on the other side of the city do not face. Teens often travel long distances to attend school which, due to Chicago’s segregated and highly unequal neighborhoods, can involve crossing class, race, and gang lines. As Shedd explains, the disadvantaged teens who traverse these boundaries daily develop a keen “perception of injustice,” or the recognition that their economic and educational opportunities are restricted by their place in the social hierarchy. Adolescents’ worldviews are also influenced by encounters with law enforcement while traveling to school and during school hours. Shedd tracks the rise of metal detectors, surveillance cameras, and pat-downs at certain Chicago schools. Along with police procedures like stop-and-frisk, these prison-like practices lead to distrust of authority and feelings of powerlessness among the adolescents who experience mistreatment either firsthand or vicariously. Shedd finds that the racial composition of the student body profoundly shapes students’ perceptions of injustice. The more diverse a school is, the more likely its students of color will recognize whether they are subject to discriminatory treatment. By contrast, African American and Hispanic youth whose schools and neighborhoods are both highly segregated and highly policed are less likely to understand their individual and group disadvantage due to their lack of exposure to youth of differing backgrounds.

Is Separate Unequal?

Author : Albert Leon Samuels
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Is Separate Unequal? by : Albert Leon Samuels

Download or read book Is Separate Unequal? written by Albert Leon Samuels and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this critique of the liberal perspective on desegregation, Samuels leads readers from the Brown decision to Green v. School Board of New Kent County and on to United States v. Fordice to show how the future of public black universities has been left uncertain at best. For Samuels, economic equality, not segregation, remains the primary obstacle to fully realized citizenship for African Americans. He argues that African Americans' pursuit of equality in higher education can be achieved without defunding programs at these schools and that their funding should be increased in recognition of their role in preserving African American culture.

Being Unequal

Author : Peter L. Callero
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538100576
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Being Unequal by : Peter L. Callero

Download or read book Being Unequal written by Peter L. Callero and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-07-25 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We may think we control our own destinies, but who we are, how we think, what we feel, and how we act are shaped by multiple, intersecting identities that have different amounts of power and value in our society. Being Unequal explores how identity categories associated with race, class, gender, and sexuality help shape inequality. This concise and accessible book asks: How is identity experienced? How does identity help reproduce inequality? How does identity help resist inequality? What is the relationship between micro and macro inequality—in other words, how do our personal experiences shape larger social forces? Being Unequal argues that identities matter because they are a critical part of a complex social process in which everyday interactions contribute to larger systems of structural inequality. By recognizing the links between identity and inequality, Being Unequal also highlights the power of collective action to resist and oppose domination and exploitation. Filled with engaging real-world examples ranging from the social construction of momentary high school cliques to the emergence of momentous social movements, Being Unequal is a powerful introduction to social identities and the ways they shape our world.

The Health Gap

Author : Michael Marmot
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1408857987
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis The Health Gap by : Michael Marmot

Download or read book The Health Gap written by Michael Marmot and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Punchily written ... He leaves the reader with a sense of the gross injustice of a world where health outcomes are so unevenly distributed' Times Literary Supplement 'Splendid and necessary' Henry Marsh, author of Do No Harm, New Statesman There are dramatic differences in health between countries and within countries. But this is not a simple matter of rich and poor. A poor man in Glasgow is rich compared to the average Indian, but the Glaswegian's life expectancy is 8 years shorter. The Indian is dying of infectious disease linked to his poverty; the Glaswegian of violent death, suicide, heart disease linked to a rich country's version of disadvantage. In all countries, people at relative social disadvantage suffer health disadvantage, dramatically so. Within countries, the higher the social status of individuals the better is their health. These health inequalities defy usual explanations. Conventional approaches to improving health have emphasised access to technical solutions – improved medical care, sanitation, and control of disease vectors; or behaviours – smoking, drinking – obesity, linked to diabetes, heart disease and cancer. These approaches only go so far. Creating the conditions for people to lead flourishing lives, and thus empowering individuals and communities, is key to reduction of health inequalities. In addition to the scale of material success, your position in the social hierarchy also directly affects your health, the higher you are on the social scale, the longer you will live and the better your health will be. As people change rank, so their health risk changes. What makes these health inequalities unjust is that evidence from round the world shows we know what to do to make them smaller. This new evidence is compelling. It has the potential to change radically the way we think about health, and indeed society.

Unequal

Author : Sandra F. Sperino
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190278404
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Unequal by : Sandra F. Sperino

Download or read book Unequal written by Sandra F. Sperino and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is no secret that since the 1980s, American workers have lost power vis-à-vis employers through the well-chronicled steep decline in private sector unionization. American workers have also lost power in other ways. Those alleging employment discrimination have fared increasingly poorly in the courts. In recent years, judges have dismissed scores of cases in which workers presented evidence that supervisors referred to them using racial or gender slurs. In one federal district court, judges dismissed more than 80 percent of the race discrimination cases filed over a year. And when juries return verdicts in favor of employees, judges often second guess those verdicts, finding ways to nullify the jury's verdict and rule in favor of the employer. Most Americans assume that that an employee alleging workplace discrimination faces the same legal system as other litigants. After all, we do not usually think that legal rules vary depending upon the type of claim brought. The employment law scholars Sandra A. Sperino and Suja A. Thomas show in Unequal that our assumptions are wrong. Over the course of the last half century, employment discrimination claims have come to operate in a fundamentally different legal system than other claims. It is in many respects a parallel universe, one in which the legal system systematically favors employers over employees. A host of procedural, evidentiary, and substantive mechanisms serve as barriers for employees, making it extremely difficult for them to access the courts. Moreover, these mechanisms make it fairly easy for judges to dismiss a case prior to trial. Americans are unaware of how the system operates partly because they think that race and gender discrimination are in the process of fading away. But such discrimination still happens in the workplace, and workers now have little recourse to fight it legally. By tracing the modern history of employment discrimination, Sperino and Thomas provide an authoritative account of how our legal system evolved into an institution that is inherently biased against workers making rights claims.

Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309165865
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life by : National Research Council

Download or read book Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-08 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the population of older Americans grows, it is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. Differences in health by racial and ethnic status could be increasingly consequential for health policy and programs. Such differences are not simply a matter of education or ability to pay for health care. For instance, Asian Americans and Hispanics appear to be in better health, on a number of indicators, than White Americans, despite, on average, lower socioeconomic status. The reasons are complex, including possible roles for such factors as selective migration, risk behaviors, exposure to various stressors, patient attitudes, and geographic variation in health care. This volume, produced by a multidisciplinary panel, considers such possible explanations for racial and ethnic health differentials within an integrated framework. It provides a concise summary of available research and lays out a research agenda to address the many uncertainties in current knowledge. It recommends, for instance, looking at health differentials across the life course and deciphering the links between factors presumably producing differentials and biopsychosocial mechanisms that lead to impaired health.

Two Nations

Author : Andrew Hacker
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1439104948
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Two Nations by : Andrew Hacker

Download or read book Two Nations written by Andrew Hacker and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this groundbreaking study, Andrew Hacker offers a fresh and disturbing examination of the divisions of color and class in present-day America, analyzing the conditions that keep black and white Americans dangerously far apart in their ability to achieve the American dream. Why, despite continued efforts to increase understanding and expand opportunities, do black and white Americans still lead separate lives, continually marked by tension and hostility? In his much-lauded classic and updated version reflecting the changing realities of race in our nation, Andrew Hacker explains the origins and meaning of racism and clarifies the conflicting theories of equality and inferiority. He paints a stark picture of racial inequality in America—focusing on family life, education, income, and employment—and explores the controversies over politics, crime, and the causes of the gap between the races. Reasoned, accurate, and devastating, Two Nations demonstrates how this great and dividing issue has defined America's history and the pivotal role it will play in the future.

Separate and Unequal

Author : Steven M Gillon
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0465096093
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Separate and Unequal by : Steven M Gillon

Download or read book Separate and Unequal written by Steven M Gillon and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a New York Times bestselling author, the definitive history of the Kerner Commission, whose report on urban unrest reshaped American debates about race and inequality In Separate and Unequal, New York Times bestselling historian Steven M. Gillon offers a revelatory new history of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders -- popularly known as the Kerner Commission. Convened by President Lyndon Johnson after riots in Newark and Detroit left dozens dead and thousands injured, the commission issued a report in 1968 that attributed the unrest to "white racism" and called for aggressive new programs to end discrimination and poverty. "Our nation is moving toward two societies," it warned, "one black, and one white -- separate and unequal." Johnson refused to accept the Kerner Report, and as his political coalition unraveled, its proposals went nowhere. For the right, the report became a symbol of liberal excess, and for the left, one of opportunities lost. Separate and Unequal is essential for anyone seeking to understand the fraught politics of race in America.

Unequal By Design

Author : Wayne Au
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135853746
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Unequal By Design by : Wayne Au

Download or read book Unequal By Design written by Wayne Au and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-04-26 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unequal By Design critically examines high-stakes standardized testing in order to illuminate what is really at stake for students, teachers, and communities negatively affected by such testing. This thoughtful analysis traces standardized testing’s origins in the Eugenics and Social Efficiency movements of the late 19th and early 20th century through its current use as the central tool for national educational reform via No Child Left Behind. By exploring historical, social, economic, and educational aspects of testing, author Wayne Au demonstrates that these tests are not only premised on the creation of inequality, but that their structures are inextricably intertwined with social inequalities that exist outside of schools.

Unequal Health

Author : Grace Budrys
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742565074
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Unequal Health by : Grace Budrys

Download or read book Unequal Health written by Grace Budrys and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unequal Health asks why some individuals are living longer and enjoying better health than others. By considering popular beliefs about the relevance of such factors as sex, race, poverty, and health habits, Grace Budrys moves beyond factors that receive a great deal of media attention-such as smoking, diet, exercise, and even genetic inheritance-and examines those factors that are far more difficult to identify and track, such as relative income and relative social status.