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Dietary And Physical Activity Interventions For Obesity Control Among Latino Youth In The Us
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Book Synopsis Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions for Obesity Control Among Latino Youth in the US by : Jennifer Olivares
Download or read book Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions for Obesity Control Among Latino Youth in the US written by Jennifer Olivares and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity epidemic largely affects Hispanics. There is a critical need for culturally relevant interventions to address obesity among Hispanic/Latino children, who tend a greater risk of obesity and other chronic diseases than non-Hispanic white children. This systematic literature review examines dietary and physical fitness factors to help improve and minimize childhood obesity among Hispanic/Latino children. Findings provided strong recommendations within three domains: school-based, family-based, and community-based interventions. Interventions that were selected focused on childhood obesity related topics such as healthy eating habits, weight loss, and physical activity. This review includes articles that were 2011 and newer to strengthen the relevancy of the findings. Future interventions must consider more culturally relevant ideas to support this population.
Book Synopsis Obesity and Mental Health Among Hispanic Adolescent Youth; Examining the Effects of Physical Activity, Diet and Nutrition, Socioeconomic Status, and Race by :
Download or read book Obesity and Mental Health Among Hispanic Adolescent Youth; Examining the Effects of Physical Activity, Diet and Nutrition, Socioeconomic Status, and Race written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exploring the Relationship Between Obesity, Eating Habits, and Physical Activity Among Latino Adolescents by :
Download or read book Exploring the Relationship Between Obesity, Eating Habits, and Physical Activity Among Latino Adolescents written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physical Activity by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Physical Activity written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2008, the U.S. federal government issued fully approved physical activity guidelines for the first time. The idea that physical activity impacts health can be traced as far back as Hippocrates, and the science around the linkages between physical activity and health has continuously accumulated. On April 14-15, 2015, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Obesity Solutions held a 2-day workshop to explore the state of the science regarding the impact of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity and to highlight innovative strategies for promoting physical activity across different segments of the population. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop.
Book Synopsis Impact of a Health Intervention in Latino Children in Central Ohio by : Laura Romstedt
Download or read book Impact of a Health Intervention in Latino Children in Central Ohio written by Laura Romstedt and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Background: According to the National Center for Health Statistics, 15.3% of all American children between the ages of 6 and 11 are overweight and the prevalence of overweight children is disproportionately higher among Mexican-American children (1). The percent of overweight Mexican-American children ages 6 to 11 is 23.7%, significantly higher than the 11.8% for non-Hispanic whites (1). Overweight and obesity lead to an increase risk of many severe health problems and morbidities including diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Jump into Food and Fitness (JIFF), an intervention program targeted for elementary school-aged children, was developed by the 4-H Youth Development team at Michigan State University Extension is designed to educate children ages 8 to 11 about healthy food choices, nutrition, and physical fitness, and is modifiable for younger or older children (2). JIFF was not designed specifically for Latino children, and its implementation to the Latino community is a recent application in community nutrition research. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to measure the success of the intervention with a group of Latino children, as well as to develop and pilot an evaluation tool for this intervention. Procedure: In order to investigate the impact of this intervention in Latino children, the program has been applied to a group of children whose parents attended free nutrition and exercise classes through Centro Esperanza Latina on the West side of Columbus. The children and their parents were a part of another research project conducted by researchers at The Ohio State University. For seven weeks the primary investigator, with the help of a regular childcare provider, applied JIFF to a group of 12 children for once a week for one hour. The piloted evaluation tool included a pre and post food behavior and physical fitness questionnaire created by the primary investigator. It also included seven individual evaluations to be conducted before and after each lesson in order to measure the impact of each individual lesson. The evaluations included asking questions and conducting activities for the children in order to measure acquired knowledge and skills, as well as behavior change. The classes, handouts, and parent newsletters were translated into Spanish. Findings: The piloted evaluation tools were successful in measuring acquired knowledge and short-term behavior change for this sample population. Variations of the evaluation tool may also be successful in measuring long-term behavior change with future implementations of other curriculum. The evaluation tools indicate that the sample populations did not consistently retain knowledge acquired during each lesson of the JIFF curricula and pre and post behavior change was inconsistent for this sample. Conclusions: Education through school, after school programs, or other types of intervention could benefit the health of many overweight children; however, evaluation of these programs is critical. The evaluation tool could potentially be used for assessment of the impact of JIFF on other populations and variations of the piloted evaluation tool could also be used to measure the success of a different health intervention targeting children.
Book Synopsis Eating Habits, Physical Activity and Risky Behaviors of Youth Practicing Weight Control by : Julie Lynn Chmielewski
Download or read book Eating Habits, Physical Activity and Risky Behaviors of Youth Practicing Weight Control written by Julie Lynn Chmielewski and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Eating Frequency and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Risk in Hispanic Youth by : Benjamin T. House
Download or read book Eating Frequency and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Risk in Hispanic Youth written by Benjamin T. House and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between eating frequency and adiposity and associated metabolic disease risk. The main hypothesis was that increased eating frequency compared to infrequent eating frequency would be related to reduced adiposity and metabolic disease markers, as well as healthier dietary and physical activity behaviors in Hispanic youth. For this investigation four cross-sectional analyses were performed in Hispanic youth age 8-19 y with a combined sample size of 1185. Three of the studies completed included gold standard measures of dietary intake, body composition, metabolic parameters, physical activity, and specific fat distribution. The forth included a questionnaire filled out by over 700 Hispanic college freshmen age 18-19 y at the University of Texas at Austin. The first two analyses included two separate cohorts of overweight or obese minority youth ages 8-18 y (n=185 and n=191)1,2. Frequent Eaters (4.0 eating occasions (EOs) per day) compared to Infrequent Eaters (2.4 EOs per day) consumed more calories per day (p≤0.01), ate more often (p≤0.01), consumed less calories per EO (p≤0.01), yet exhibited lower visceral adipose tissue (p=0.03), BMI (p≤0.01), waist circumferences (p≤0.01), fasting insulin (p=0.02), HOMA-IR values (p=0.02), and lower triglycerides (p≤0.01), and higher beta cell function (p=0.01) and acute insulin response (p=0.02). To date, these were the first studies investigating eating frequency and adiposity and metabolic disease risk in Hispanic youth. We know minority youth tend to eat less often than Non-Hispanic Whites and that first year college students are particularly susceptible to weight gain and poor overall health. Given this combined with our previous findings and that in Hispanic high school graduates were more likely to be enrolled in college than NHW or blacks, we wanted to further explore this high risk population as they transitioned to college. We conducted a large cross-sectional study with 709 Hispanic college freshmen that completed a questionnaire to identify eating frequency, physical activity levels and reported height and weight. We found eating frequency to be positively related to moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but not overweight or obesity prevalence. Also, those who ate 4 or more times per day were 2.5 times more likely to spend at least 150 minutes in MVPA per week compared to those who ate 2 or less times per day. We further brought in 100 of the 709 in for extensive in-person testing in which 92 subjects had complete data. We found frequent eaters ate 44% more often (p≤0.01) and consumed 27% less calories per eating occasion (p≤0.01), while consuming 21% more kcals per day (or 445 less kcals per day) (p≤0.01) compared to infrequent eaters. Frequent eaters had 8% lower BMIs (p=0.02), 60% lower BMI z-scores (p=0.03), 21% lower visceral adipose tissue (p=0.03), 26% lower subcutaneous adipose tissue (p=0.03), and 8% higher total body fat (p=0.04) compared to infrequent eaters. These findings suggest that increased eating frequency is related to decreased obesity and metabolic disease risk in Hispanic youth and Hispanic college freshmen, despite increases in energy intake. Additionally, in a very large and exclusively Hispanic college freshmen population eating frequency was related to self-reported increases in physical activity. Thus, increasing eating frequency may be a viable public health message among Hispanic youth and Hispanic college students, yet more research is needed to understand the potential mechanisms and investigate a causal relationship.
Book Synopsis Physical Activity Interventions in Children and Adolescents by : Dianne Stanton Ward
Download or read book Physical Activity Interventions in Children and Adolescents written by Dianne Stanton Ward and published by New World Library. This book was released on 2007 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The text provides information on the current levels of youth physical activity and offers an overview of theories of behavior change that have been used in developing physical activity interventions in a variety of settings. Programs and interventions are discussed in terms of their strengths, weaknesses, and level of success. Also includes sample forms to assist the reader in evaluating and designing interventions in areas where proven programs are not yet available.
Book Synopsis Utilizing Technology to Increase Youth Engagement Towards Physical Activity by : Deborah Simone Fetter
Download or read book Utilizing Technology to Increase Youth Engagement Towards Physical Activity written by Deborah Simone Fetter and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engaging in regular activity during childhood contributes to better cardiorespiratory fitness and a greater likelihood of being active in adulthood. Yet, few youth in the United States meet the United States Department of Health and Human Services Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA) per day. Concomitantly, the prevalence of childhood obesity remains alarmingly high in the United States with 31.8% of youth classified as overweight or obese. There are a multitude of factors that contribute to the development of obesity, including physical activity patterns. Engaging in regular physical activity has been associated with a wide range of health benefits, including improving body composition. The school setting has been postulated to be a desirable place to promote physical activity because youth spend a large portion of their day in school and have the chance to expend up to half of their daily energy. However, the opportunities for youth to be physically active have been declining as physical education programs continue to be eliminated and recess time shortened in schools. Additionally, the availability of technology has increased in recent years and made engaging in sedentary behaviors, such as playing video games and watching TV, more accessible. Yet, there is potential in incorporating technology related to exercise into school-based programs to generate interest in physical activity. Further, there are many determinants of physical activity to target for effective interventions, including physiological, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental factors. Investigating how we can target these determinants in obesity-prevention programs can lead to a greater understanding of how to encourage youth to develop lifelong physical activity habits. The overall objective of this research was to investigate how utilizing technology in the school-based, multicomponent nutrition program, the Shaping Healthy Choices Program (SHCP), can help increase youth engagement towards physical activity. The first objective of this research was to determine the impact of the SHCP on physical activity patterns in a sub-sample of fourth-grade youth. Physical activity has been shown to have a wide range of beneficial health effects, yet few youth meet the United States physical activity recommendation. To address the increased prevalence of childhood obesity, the SHCP was developed based on principles of the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 adaption of the Social Ecological Model. The program was implemented over nine months among fourth-grade youth. One intervention school and one control school within the same Northern California school district were selected to participate in this sub-study. At pre- and post-intervention assessments, youth wore a PolarActive monitor on their non-dominant wrist 24 h/d for at least 2 consecutive days. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate change in physical activity by adjusting for covariates and other potential confounders, including ethnicity/race, household income, and sex. Statistical significance was set at p
Book Synopsis Utilizing Children as Change Agents to Promote Healthy Family Lifestyle Behaviors by : Allison Ann Koch
Download or read book Utilizing Children as Change Agents to Promote Healthy Family Lifestyle Behaviors written by Allison Ann Koch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Objective: To assess the impact of a healthy choices and activities intervention program utilizing goal coaches to guide adolescents as positive change agents for Latino parental/caregiver family food decisions Study Design, Setting, and Participants: Research design included two phases: (1) a developmental phase with youth and goal-coach curriculum development and testing, and (2) an implementation phase with a 6-week healthy choices and physical activities intervention pilot program. Participants in the developmental and pilot phase of the study include both children (10-14 years) and their Spanish speaking primary caretakers who attend a church youth group program in central North Carolina. Goal coaches include youth mentors between the ages of 18 to 24, recruited from a local college in central North Carolina. Outcome, Measures and Analysis: 1) Content analysis of focus groups with youth and goal coaches were conducted to determine ease of use and compliance with study methodology, including photo journaling and family goal setting, as well as message appropriateness for youth and goal coaches. 2) During implementation and one month follow up the following were assessed: pre/post testing of parent/caregiver food behaviors, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity behaviors; youth nutrition, physical activity habits and BMI; and adherence to established family goals. Results: 21 youth and 5 goal coaches were recruited to participate. All materials were developed utilizing constructs from the Social Cognitive Theory, and translated. 1) During the focus groups, goal coaches reported that they learned from the youth that parents are a barrier to influencing healthy family behaviors. Youth also reported that they were non-compliant with the use of the photo journal. 2) Youth were able to successfully set family-based nutrition and physical activity goals with 82% family compliance overall. Parents reported increased physical activity and healthy food behaviors pre- and post-intervention, including increased nutrient-dense food purchasing one-month post-intervention. One-month follow-up surveys reported an increase in healthy nutrition and physical activities in homes. Conclusions and Implications: This innovative approach is a promising strategy for reducing the adverse health effects associated with dietary acculturation among Latino families. It builds upon the inherent value of familism as well as the strengths of adolescents as carriers of nutrition and health information. Future research is needed to expand upon these strategies to better tailor nutrition education messaging for Latino immigrant families."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Book Synopsis Promoting Healthy Lifestyles Through a Family-centered Nutrition Program for Low-income Latino Families by : Maricruz Melena (Graduate student)
Download or read book Promoting Healthy Lifestyles Through a Family-centered Nutrition Program for Low-income Latino Families written by Maricruz Melena (Graduate student) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The purpose of this project was to locate a potential funding source and write a grant to develop a family-centered nutrition program that addresses the high rates of childhood obesity among Latino children in the United States. The proposed nutrition program aims to prevent obesity at an early age through parental educational workshops and child physical activity. This health disparity calls for culturally-sensitive programs and future research regarding culturally competent services. Addressing the issue of childhood obesity is essential in promoting the physical and psychological well-being of children. An extensive literature review was performed to investigate culturally sensitive practices and interventions effective among the Latino population. The actual submission and/or funding of this grant was not a requirement for the successful completion of the project.
Book Synopsis Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence: Medical, biological, and social issues by : Hiram E. Fitzgerald
Download or read book Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence: Medical, biological, and social issues written by Hiram E. Fitzgerald and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. 1. Social and behavioral development :; Risk factors for obesity in early human development /; John Worobey --; Role of physical activity in obesity prevention /; James M. Pivarnik --; Childhood overweight and academic achievement /; Sara Gable, Jnnifer L. Krull, Arathi Srikanta --; Adiposiy and internalizing problems: infancy to middle childhood /; Robert H. Bradley, Renate Houts, Phillip R. Nader, Marion O'Brien, Jay Belsky, and Robert Crosnoe --; Food marketing goes online: A content analysis of web sites for children /; Elizabeth S. Moore --; Families and obesity: a family process approach to obesity in adolescents /; Matthew P. Thorpe, Randal D. Day ;; Pt. 2. Individual differeces and ethnic variation :; Responding to the epidemic of American Indian and Alaska Native childhood obesity /; Paul Spicer, Kelly Moore --; Obesity in African Americans and Latino Americans /; Helen D. Pratt, Manmohan Kamboj, Robin Joseph ;; Pt. 3. Prevention and intervention :; Managing the overweight child /; Ihuoma Eneli, Karah Daniels Mantinan --; Parents as the primary target for healthy eating among young children /; Mildred A. Horodynski, Kami J. Silk, Michelle Henry --; Surgical treatment for obesity /; Jeff M. Gauvin --; Ethical considerations related to obesity intervention /; Leonard M. Fleck, Karen A. Petersmarck.
Book Synopsis Parent Outcomes for a Family-based Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Program by : Adrian Chavez
Download or read book Parent Outcomes for a Family-based Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Program written by Adrian Chavez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latinos have disproportionately high rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Family-based interventions may reduce chronic disease risk among Latinos across generations. Purpose: To assess the efficacy of Athletes for Life (AFL), a 12-week community-and-family-based behavioral intervention, for improving diet, physical activity (PA), anthropometrics, fitness, and biochemical outcomes among mostly Latino parents.Methods: Parents with at least one child 6-11 years of age were randomized to active AFL participation (n=14) or a wait-list control (n=14) group. AFL consisted of twice weekly 90 minute sessions (45 minutes of nutrition-focused lessons and 45 minutes of PA participation) designed to promote fruit and vegetable consumption, reduction of sugar intake, and increasing habitual PA. Data were collected prior to and immediately after the 12 week intervention. Results: Participants (37.9±7.2y) were mostly Latino (93%), Spanish speaking (68%), and women (93%). Relative to participants in the control group, AFL participants had a significant reduction in body fat (-1.1±1.2% vs. 0.2±1.2%; p=0.014), resting (-7.6±10.2 bpm vs. +2.1±6.8 bpm; p
Book Synopsis Family Functioning, Parenting Strategies, and Disordered Eating Among Hispanic Youth by : Dina Ferranti
Download or read book Family Functioning, Parenting Strategies, and Disordered Eating Among Hispanic Youth written by Dina Ferranti and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disordered eating (DE) is a major public health concern related to both clinical eating disorders and obesity. DE encompasses various subclinical, yet maladaptive eating behaviors that include dieting, binge eating, and/or extreme weight control behaviors (i.e. self-induced vomiting, laxatives). Hispanic youth appear to be especially vulnerable to DE in comparison to other ethnic groups. However, to date there has been little research focused on Hispanic youth and DE, particularly those in middle childhood (8-11 years). The purpose of this study was to test a theoretical model examining family level variables, parenting strategies for eating and physical activity (PEAS) and family functioning, and their relationships with DE among Hispanic youth, and to understand the role of gender in moderating these relationships. A cross-sectional design was used for a secondary analysis of data from the Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth), a national, population-based study of Hispanic youth from the Bronx, Chicago, Miami, and San Diego. The subsample for the current study was limited to youth participants 8-11 years (n=673) and their parents (n=569). PEAS and family functioning were independent variables, and DE, specifically dieting and binge eating, were dependent variables. Preliminary analyses explored various individual and sociocultural variables as potential covariates. Of those, BMI, years in U.S., and study site were included in theoretical model testing. Model testing was conducted with one-child per family (n=569) using structural equation modeling. Weak support for some hypotheses were demonstrated for youth variables in correlational analyses. However, the study hypotheses were generally not supported, perhaps due to poor fit of the measurement models, particularly for the youth model. Thus, these measurement issues may have prevented an understanding of the theoretical relationship between family level variables and DE. Further research is needed to refine the measures of key study variables (family functioning and PEAS) used in the current study to improve their developmental and cultural fit for Hispanic youth and their parents.Supplemental analyses were conducted to further explore potential study site differences, gender differences, and/or evidence of validity of measures between youth and parent family level variables, BMI, and DE. Of interest, supplemental analyses indicated that those youth engaging in dieting and/or binge eating had a higher BMI than those youth who did not engage in these behaviors. Participants in the study reported high rates of both dieting and binge eating. This suggests that future intervention development surrounding DE among Hispanic youth is necessary for prevention and treatment of DE and its negative health consequences. Specific nursing research and practice implications are presented in the discussion.
Book Synopsis San Fernando Fuerte by : Melissa Mendoza
Download or read book San Fernando Fuerte written by Melissa Mendoza and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Youth and adolescents are increasing body composition measures, increasing sedentary behaviors and decreasing their levels of physical activity. These factors are contributing to childhood obesity and may lead to type II diabetes and other preventable chronic diseases. The City of San Fernando has a high rate of overweight youth and adolescents and lack of resources for physical activity and nutrition education. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a multi-disciplinary intervention will improve physical outcomes and fitness measures among youth and adolescents in a predominantly Latino community. The author conducted pre- and post-physical fitness evaluations using the Cooper Institute FITNESSGRAM test battery, among 59 Latino, male and female, youth and adolescents. Primary outcomes were body composition, aerobic capacity, muscular fitness, and flexibility. Results were statistically insignificant due to a final sample size of 5 youth and adolescents. In conclusion, more research needs to be done to determine whether an 8-week multidisciplinary intervention will have positive results in preventing obesity within low-income Latino youth and adolescents.
Book Synopsis Nutrition and Physical Activity Education for Knowledge Gain and Glycemic Control Among Hispanics with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes by : Lisa Frank
Download or read book Nutrition and Physical Activity Education for Knowledge Gain and Glycemic Control Among Hispanics with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes written by Lisa Frank and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " Diabetes is a severe medical condition associated with several other health complications. Diabetes is a significant cause of frequent emergency department visits, extended hospital stays, and even death in the United States (Heron, 2018). Notably, diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death among Hispanics within the United States (Heron, 2018). Findings covering five years (2011-2016) of health data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), that 22% of Hispanics in the United States have diabetes, compared with 12% of non-Hispanic whites (Cheng et al., 2019). Also, Hispanics develop diabetes-related complications more often and have poorer diabetes outcomes than non-Hispanic whites (Cheng et al., 2019). Additionally, there is low awareness among Hispanics regarding diabetes-related complications (Wukich, Raspovic, & Suder, 2017). Hispanics are mostly unaware that diabetes causes cardiovascular disease, renal disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, poor wound healing, and skin infections, often leading to lower extremity amputations (Wukich et al., 2017). Clinicians are responsible for providing effective diabetes education to all patients and delivering high-quality diabetes care. The Clinical Problem is that the project implementer identified insufficient diabetes care and a high prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes among low socioeconomic status Hispanics at the worksite. The project implementer developed, implemented, and evaluated this change project based on research evidence. EBP Project Purpose was to implement a diabetes education intervention among Hispanics with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes to improve health outcomes. The EBP project aimed to determine if nutrition and physical activity education increased diabetes knowledge, influenced healthy behaviors, and improved glycemic control among this vulnerable population. The participants were recruited and introduced to the project during regular clinic appointments, and 25-participants signed the informed consent to join the project. The Participants were all Hispanic, 18 years or older, had low academic achievement, limited English proficiency, low socioeconomic status, with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. There was a total of 25 participants in this EBP project. All 25 out of 25 participants completed the entire EBP change project. The Measuring Tools used to measure this EBP change project's effectiveness were two instruments, the well-established Glucometer and the well-validated diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ). Method/Design utilized in this EBP change project was the Pretest Posttest design. Pre-intervention, the 25 participants completed a baseline DSMQ survey, and each participant had their baseline fasting blood glucose tested. Post-intervention, the DSMQ survey was re-administered to the 25 participants, and all 25 participants had their fasting blood glucose re-tested. The EBP Project Implementation occurred at a hospital-based Primary Care Clinic in a low socioeconomic status neighborhood in New York City, densely populated with Hispanics. There were 8-diabetes teaching sessions, which lasted 1-hour each. There were also two in-person clinic visits for a pre-intervention and post-intervention evaluation. Once the consents were obtained, the project implementer performed a baseline fasting blood glucose test on all 25 participants and obtained fasting blood glucose levels. The project implementer also administered a diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ) on all 25 participants and obtained baseline DSMQ scores during the first in-person clinic visit. Afterward, diabetes education intervention began. The teaching sessions covered nutrition and physical activity education and provided education on prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. The first teaching session was face to face at the clinic, and the remaining seven sessions were online interactive sessions via Zoom. Each teaching session lasted for 1-hour. All 25 participants completed the 8-teaching sessions. After the 8th session, all 25 participants returned to the clinic as instructed for post-project evaluation, including post-intervention fasting blood glucose tests and DSMQ survey. Outcome Findings revealed a 60% increase in diabetes knowledge post-intervention. The overall average for all five subcategories of the diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ) was collectively a percentage change average of 60%. One of the five DSMQ subcategories, the blood glucose monitoring and control subscale, had a pre-intervention baseline mean score of 58% and a post-intervention mean score of 83%. The glucose control and blood glucose monitoring subscale had a percentage change mean score of 43.10%, signifying significant improvement in glucose control post-project implementation. Outcome Findings also revealed that the pre-intervention baseline - fasting blood glucose aggregate average was 125mg/dl. The post-intervention - fasting blood glucose aggregate average decreased to 91mg/dl, with a percentage change mean score of 27.2 %. Discussion -These Results demonstrated that the EBP change project outcomes exceeded the two set benchmarks of a 20% increase in diabetes knowledge and 10 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) decrease in fasting blood glucose levels post-intervention. These benchmarks were derived from the well-established Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) benchmarking studies. Conclusion - the EBP change project results were significant, and the benchmarks were met, indicating the change project's effectiveness. Key words: Diabetes education, nutrition and physical activity education, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, Hispanics, evidence-based practice, diabetes self-management questionnaire, glucometer, fasting blood glucose test " -- Abstract
Book Synopsis Examination of the Effectiveness of Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions on Behavior Change and Cardiovascular Risk Among Adolescent Students Participating in a School-based Health Program in Michigan by : Elizabeth L. Hudson
Download or read book Examination of the Effectiveness of Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions on Behavior Change and Cardiovascular Risk Among Adolescent Students Participating in a School-based Health Program in Michigan written by Elizabeth L. Hudson and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IMPORTANCE: Overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood pressure (BP) are increasingly common among U.S. adolescents and increase risk for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. These risk factors are highly influenced by diet and activity levels, both of which are modifiable with appropriate intervention. School-based programs may be an ideal setting for nutrition intervention programs to improve health behaviors, however data examining the effectiveness of such programs is limited, and results have been inconsistent depending on the outcomes examined. OBJECTIVE: Among a sample of adolescents in Michigan participating in Project Healthy Schools (PHS), a multi-component school-based intervention program, the objective of this dissertation is to 1) examine the effectiveness of the PHS program at achieving favorable change in participating students' dietary consumption of foods and/or beverages associated with CVD risk; 2) examine if achievement of optimal consumption of fruits and vegetables, sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) and levels of physical activity (PA) is associated with improvement in blood lipid and BP levels and; 3) determine if change in dietary consumption of foods high in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and trans-fatty acids (TFA) is associated with change in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A non-randomized, quasi-experimental pre-post design evaluation of sixth grade students from 94 middle-schools across the state of Michigan enrolled in the first year of a school-based nutrition intervention program between 2005-2019. MEASURES: Measures of dietary intake and PA were collected from a validated health behavior questionnaire administered at baseline and following completion of the 10-week nutrition intervention program. Physiologic outcome measures of a non-fasting lipid profile which included total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides [TG] and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as systolic and diastolic BP measurements were collected. RESULTS: Intake of fruit and vegetables significantly increased post-intervention, as did consumption of sugary beverages. Students who were more physically active following the PHS intervention had significantly higher post-intervention HDL-C and lower TG levels, whereas students with low SSB intake post-intervention experienced lower post-intervention HDL-C levels compared to students with higher SSB intake. Reduced consumption of high-risk, high fat foods was associated with a significant decrease in mean LDL-C when compared with high consumption at baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Significant increases in dietary intake of fruit and vegetable consumption following participation in the intervention program were modest. Improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors were also observed. Students who improved their intake of foods high in saturated and trans-fat experienced the largest decreases in LDL-C post-intervention. The results also suggest that PA in this age group may be an effective way to improve HDL-C and TG levels, especially among high-risk students. Future work should examine whether modest changes in dietary consumption and/or PA levels can promote a meaningful shift in physiological measures of cardiovascular risk over a longer period of time.
