Die Akademie Der Wissenschaften In Wien 1938 1945

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National-Socialist Archaeology in Europe and its Legacies

Author : Martijn Eickhoff
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031280245
Total Pages : 687 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis National-Socialist Archaeology in Europe and its Legacies by : Martijn Eickhoff

Download or read book National-Socialist Archaeology in Europe and its Legacies written by Martijn Eickhoff and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-14 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume is dedicated to national-socialist archaeology as a Europe-wide phenomenon. It analyses national-socialist attempts to denationalize the archaeologies of European nations by creating a new unifying European archaeology on a racial basis. From the beginning of the nineteenth century, archaeology began to develop into an important force behind processes of nation building. At the same time, structures of transnational academic collaboration contributed strongly to the internal dynamics of the research field, which was primarily organized on a national basis. In those European countries that were confronted with national-socialist occupation and repression between 1939 and 1945, these transnational archaeological networks were to prove crucial for the development of national-socialist archaeological policies. This volume will reveal how national-socialist archaeology was to an extent valued positively in its time as highly innovative, even influencing the archaeology of non-occupied countries. Although in the final instance, it generally failed to displace the national archaeologies in Europe, the volume also analyses the long-term impact of national-socialist rule on the development of European archaeology. How did the attempts to create a unified European archaeology after 1945 continue to influence networks, methods and terminologies, institutional structures, or popular representations of the early past?

A New Nationalist Europe Under Hitler

Author : Johannes Dafinger
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351627716
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis A New Nationalist Europe Under Hitler by : Johannes Dafinger

Download or read book A New Nationalist Europe Under Hitler written by Johannes Dafinger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nazis, fascists and völkisch conservatives in different European countries not only cooperated internationally in the fields of culture, science, economy, and persecution of Jews, but also developed ideas for a racist and ethno-nationalist Europe under Hitler. The present volume attempts to combine an analysis of Nazi Germany’s transnational relations with an evaluation of the discourse that accompanied these relations.

Oswald Menghin

Author : Robert Obermair
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3111057461
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Oswald Menghin by : Robert Obermair

Download or read book Oswald Menghin written by Robert Obermair and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-12-31 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental idea of this book is to show – based on the example of Oswald Menghin, Minister of Education of the National Socialist Austrian “Anschluss”-government, and the networks surrounding him – how science and politics were interwoven in Austria in the first half of the 20th century and how the ideas and networks created in that milieu outlasted the alleged caesurae of this period and found continuation in post-war South America. As Menghin traversed an astonishing number of political upheavals and changes – time after time in exalted positions –, his biography may be considered as paradigmatic for the Age of Extremes. The following aspects form the core interest of this book: (1) Menghin’s position in the political and scientific field, as well as the interconnection between these spheres. (2) The transnational entanglement between the two central areas of Menghin’s geographic spheres of action. (3) Continuities and changes both in Menghin’s biography and in a broader political and scientific context in Austria and Argentina. (4) Menghin’s scope of action and the extent of his responsibility for crucial and often dire developments in all these facets.

Archiv 72

Author : Weltmuseum Wien Friends
Publisher : LIT Verlag Münster
ISBN 13 : 3643996993
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (439 download)

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Book Synopsis Archiv 72 by : Weltmuseum Wien Friends

Download or read book Archiv 72 written by Weltmuseum Wien Friends and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Hitler's Austria

Author : Evan Burr Bukey
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469650355
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Hitler's Austria by : Evan Burr Bukey

Download or read book Hitler's Austria written by Evan Burr Bukey and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2018-08-25 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although Austrians comprised only 8 percent of the population of Hitler's Reich, they made up 14 percent of SS members and 40 percent of those involved in the Nazis' killing operations. This was no coincidence. Popular anti-Semitism was so powerful in Austria that once deportations of Jews began in 1941, the streets of Vienna were frequently lined with crowds of bystanders shouting their approval. Such scenes did not occur in Berlin. Exploring the convictions behind these phenomena, Evan Bukey offers a detailed examination of popular opinion in Hitler's native country after the Anschluss (annexation) of 1938. He uses evidence gathered in Europe and the United States--including highly confidential reports of the Nazi Security Service--to dissect the reactions, views, and conduct of disparate political and social groups, most notably the Austrian Nazi Party, the industrial working class, the Catholic Church, and the farming community. Sketching a nuanced and complex portrait of Austrian attitudes and behavior in the Nazi era, Bukey demonstrates that despite widespread dissent, discontent, and noncompliance, a majority of the Austrian populace supported the Anschluss regime until the bitter end, particularly in its economic and social policies and its actions against Jews.

Jews and Science

Author : Sander L. Gilman
Publisher : Purdue University Press
ISBN 13 : 1612498027
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Jews and Science by : Sander L. Gilman

Download or read book Jews and Science written by Sander L. Gilman and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-15 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jews and Science examines the complicated relationship between Jewish identities and the evolving meanings of science throughout the history of Western academic culture. Jews have been not only the agents for study of things Jewish, but also the subject of examination by “scientists” across a range of disciplines, from biology and bioethics to anthropology and genetics. Even the most recent iteration of Jewish studies as an academic discipline—Israel studies—stresses the global cultural, economic, and social impact of Israeli science and medicine. The 2022 volume of the Casden Institute’s Jewish Role in American Life series tackles a range of issues that have evolved with the rise of Jewish studies, throughout its evolution from interdisciplinary to transdisciplinary, and now finally as a discipline itself with its own degrees and departments in universities across the world. This book gathers contributions by scholars from various disciplines to discuss the complexity in defining “science” across multiple fields within Jewish studies. The scholars examine the role of the self-defined “Jewish” scholar, discerning if their identification with the object of study (whether that study be economics, criminology, medicine, or another field entirely) changes their perception or status as scientists. They interrogate whether the myriad ways to study Jews and their relationship to science—including the role of Jews in science and scientific training, the science of the Jews (however defined), and Jews as objects of scientific study—alter our understanding of science itself. The contributors of Jews and Science take on the challenge to confront these central problems.

Recognizing the Past in the Present

Author : Sabine Hildebrandt
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1789207851
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis Recognizing the Past in the Present by : Sabine Hildebrandt

Download or read book Recognizing the Past in the Present written by Sabine Hildebrandt and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2020-12-11 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following decades of silence about the involvement of doctors, medical researchers and other health professionals in the Holocaust and other National Socialist (Nazi) crimes, scholars in recent years have produced a growing body of research that reveals the pervasive extent of that complicity. This interdisciplinary collection of studies presents documentation of the critical role medicine played in realizing the policies of Hitler’s regime. It traces the history of Nazi medicine from its roots in the racial theories of the 1920s, through its manifestations during the Nazi period, on to legacies and continuities from the postwar years to the present.

Relationships/Beziehungsgeschichten. Austria and the United States in the Twentieth Century

Author : Günter Bischof
Publisher : StudienVerlag
ISBN 13 : 3706557274
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Relationships/Beziehungsgeschichten. Austria and the United States in the Twentieth Century by : Günter Bischof

Download or read book Relationships/Beziehungsgeschichten. Austria and the United States in the Twentieth Century written by Günter Bischof and published by StudienVerlag. This book was released on 2014-04-28 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the breakup of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian-American relationship was characterized by a dwarf confronting a giant. America continued to be a heaven for a better life for many Austrian emigrants. For the growing American preponderant position in the world after World War I, the small Austrian Republic was insignificant. And yet there were times when Austria mattered geopolitically. During the post-World War II occupation of Austria, the U.S. helped reconstruct Austria economically and was the biggest champion of its independence. During the Cold War, the U.S. frequently used Austria as a mediator site of summit meetings. American mass production models, consumerism, and popular culture were adopted by Austrian youth. Americanization and American preponderance also produced anti-Americanism. With the end of the Cold War and Austria's accession to the European Union it once again lost significance for Washington's geopolitics.

Hayek

Author : Bruce Caldwell
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226816834
Total Pages : 869 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Hayek by : Bruce Caldwell

Download or read book Hayek written by Bruce Caldwell and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-11-25 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 2022 Economist Best Book of the Year. The definitive account of the distinguished economist’s formative years. Few twentieth-century figures have been lionized and vilified in such equal measure as Friedrich Hayek—economist, social theorist, leader of the Austrian school of economics, and champion of classical liberalism. Hayek’s erudite arguments in support of individualism and the market economy have attracted a devout following, including many at the levers of power in business and government. Critics, meanwhile, cast Hayek as the intellectual forefather of “neoliberalism” and of all the evils they associate with that pernicious doctrine. In Hayek: A Life, historians of economics Bruce Caldwell and Hansjörg Klausinger draw on never-before-seen archival and family material to produce an authoritative account of the influential economist’s first five decades. This includes portrayals of his early career in Vienna; his relationships in London and Cambridge; his family disputes; and definitive accounts of the creation of The Road to Serfdom and of the founding meeting of the Mont Pèlerin Society. A landmark work of history and biography, Hayek: A Life is a major contribution both to our cultural accounting of a towering figure and to intellectual history itself.

Vivarium

Author : Gerd B. Muller
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262342057
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Vivarium by : Gerd B. Muller

Download or read book Vivarium written by Gerd B. Muller and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scientific achievements and forgotten legacy of a major Austrian research institute, from its founding in 1902 to its wartime destruction in 1945. The Biologische Versuchsanstalt was founded in Vienna in 1902 with the explicit goal to foster the quantification, mathematization, and theory formation of the biological sciences. Three biologists from affluent Viennese Jewish families—Hans Przibram, Wilhelm Figdor, and Leopold von Portheim–founded, financed, and nurtured the institute, overseeing its development into one of the most advanced biological research institutes of the time. And yet today its accomplishments are nearly forgotten. In 1938, the founders and other members were denied access to the institute by the Nazis and were forced into exile or deported to concentration camps. The building itself was destroyed by fire in April 1945. This book rescues the legacy of the “Vivarium” (as the Institute was often called), describing both its scientific achievements and its place in history. The book covers the Viennese sociocultural context at the time of the Vivarium's founding, and the scientific zeitgeist that shaped its investigations. It discusses the institute's departments and their research topics, and describes two examples that had scientific and international ramifications: the early work of Karl von Frisch, who in 1973 won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; and the connection to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York. Contributors Heiner Fangerau, Johannes Feichtinger, Georg Gaugusch, Manfred D. Laubichler, Cheryl A. Logan, Gerd B. Müller, Tania Munz, Kärin Nickelsen, Christian Reiß, Kate E. Sohasky, Heiko Stoff, Klaus Taschwer

The History of East-Central European Eugenics, 1900-1945

Author : Marius Turda
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472533569
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis The History of East-Central European Eugenics, 1900-1945 by : Marius Turda

Download or read book The History of East-Central European Eugenics, 1900-1945 written by Marius Turda and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The History of East-Central European Eugenics, 1900-1945 redefines the European history of eugenics by exploring the ideological transmission of eugenics internationally and its application locally in East-Central Europe. It includes 100 primary sources translated from the East-Central European languages into English for the first time and key contributions from leading scholars in the field from around Europe. This volume examines the main eugenic organisations, as well as individuals and policies that shaped eugenics in Austria, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, the former Yugoslavia, Hungary and Romania. It also explores the ways in which ethnic minorities interacted with national and international eugenics discourses to advance their own aims and ambitions, whilst providing a comparative analysis of the emergence and development of eugenics in East-Central Europe more generally. Complete with a glossary of terms, a list of all eugenic societies and journals from these countries, as well as a comprehensive bibliography, The History of East-Central European Eugenics, 1900-1945 is a pivotal reference work for students, researchers and academics interested in East-Central Europe and the history of science and national identity in the 20th century.

The Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought

Author : George Steinmetz
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691237433
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis The Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought by : George Steinmetz

Download or read book The Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought written by George Steinmetz and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-04 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new history of French social thought that connects postwar sociology to colonialism and empire In this provocative and original retelling of the history of French social thought, George Steinmetz places the history and development of modern French sociology in the context of the French empire after World War II. Connecting the rise of all the social sciences with efforts by France and other imperial powers to consolidate control over their crisis-ridden colonies, Steinmetz argues that colonial research represented a crucial core of the renascent academic discipline of sociology, especially between the late 1930s and the 1960s. Sociologists, who became favored partners of colonial governments, were asked to apply their expertise to such “social problems” as detribalization, urbanization, poverty, and labor migration. This colonial orientation permeated all the major subfields of sociological research, Steinmetz contends, and is at the center of the work of four influential scholars: Raymond Aron, Jacques Berque, Georges Balandier, and Pierre Bourdieu. In retelling this history, Steinmetz develops and deploys a new methodological approach that combines attention to broadly contextual factors, dynamics within the intellectual development of the social sciences and sociology in particular, and close readings of sociological texts. He moves gradually toward the postwar sociologists of colonialism and their writings, beginning with the most macroscopic contexts, which included the postwar “reoccupation” of the French empire and the turn to developmentalist policies and the resulting demand for new forms of social scientific expertise. After exploring the colonial engagement of researchers in sociology and neighboring fields before and after 1945, he turns to detailed examinations of the work of Aron, who created a sociology of empires; Berque, the leading historical sociologist of North Africa; Balandier, the founder of French Africanist sociology; and Bourdieu, whose renowned theoretical concepts were forged in war-torn, late-colonial Algeria.

"Säuberungen" an österreichischen Hochschulen 1934–1945

Author : Johannes Koll
Publisher : Böhlau Verlag Wien
ISBN 13 : 3205203364
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis "Säuberungen" an österreichischen Hochschulen 1934–1945 by : Johannes Koll

Download or read book "Säuberungen" an österreichischen Hochschulen 1934–1945 written by Johannes Koll and published by Böhlau Verlag Wien. This book was released on 2017-07-17 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Austrofaschismus, Nationalsozialismus, Entnazifizierung nach der Befreiung – die mehrfachen Regimewechsel der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts hatten auch auf die Hochschulen in Österreich gravierende Auswirkungen. ‚Säuberungen‘ beim Personal und bei den Studierenden sollten jeweils zu einer Neuausrichtung der Gesellschaft beitragen. Unter welchen Voraussetzungen, auf welche Weise und mit welchen Folgen der politisch gewollte Eingriff in die Zusammensetzung von Lehrkörper und Hörerschaft vor sich ging, wird in diesem Buch untersucht. Neben der Darstellung allgemeiner Rahmenbedingungen stehen Fallbeispiele zu einzelnen Hochschulen und die Vorstellung von Einzelschicksalen im Mittelpunkt. Dadurch werden Vergleiche zwischen den Hochschulen und zwischen den verschiedenen Regimen möglich.

Ernst Mach's Vienna 1895-1930

Author : J.T. Blackmore
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792371229
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (712 download)

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Book Synopsis Ernst Mach's Vienna 1895-1930 by : J.T. Blackmore

Download or read book Ernst Mach's Vienna 1895-1930 written by J.T. Blackmore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-08-31 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work gives insight into the philosophical influence Ernst Mach (1838-1916) has had on leading Viennese physicists and philosophers of his time by relating the ideas and works of these men to Mach's phenomenalism. The relation between Mach and the University of Vienna Philosophical Society is also examined. In the process little-known documents and correspondence from Mach are presented. Additionally, this extensive research helps clarify the conflict between Mach and most physicists over the reality of atoms and places the claim of Mach and his followers to represent science and philosophy of science against the claim of Planck and Einstein that phenomenalism and positivism were not even compatible with science. Audience: This is an ideal book for both graduate students and scholars in the field of history and philosophy of science.

Palace of Knowledge

Author : Kurt Mühlberger
Publisher : Böhlau Verlag Wien
ISBN 13 : 9783205778073
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Palace of Knowledge by : Kurt Mühlberger

Download or read book Palace of Knowledge written by Kurt Mühlberger and published by Böhlau Verlag Wien. This book was released on 2008 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the Revolution of 1848 the University of Vienna was moved away from the center of the city. Only after the city walls were razed in 1884 did the university acquire a new home on Ringstrasse in the immediate vicinity of the City Hall, Parliament and Court Theater. Once academic freedom had been attained and the educational system restructured on the basis of the Humboldtian model, the new university palace soon became a symbol of the emergence of modern science in Austria. A 'historical stroll' leads the reader through the important stations of the general history of the university, pointing to aspects of the architectural history of the building, the construction and artistic design. The book not only gives an impression of the historical rooms but also offers a glimpse behind the scenes. The striking constructional changes are described against the backdrop of the more than 120 years of rich history associated with the "house on the Ring".

The Burgtheater and Austrian Identity

Author : Robert Pyrah
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 135119609X
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis The Burgtheater and Austrian Identity by : Robert Pyrah

Download or read book The Burgtheater and Austrian Identity written by Robert Pyrah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-02 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The collapse of the Habsburg monarchy in 1918 galvanized discussion about national identity in the new Republic of Austria. As Robert Pyrah shows in this thoroughly documented study, the complex identity politics of interwar Austria were played out in the theatres of Vienna, which enjoyed a cultural prominence rarely matched in other countries. By 1934, productions across the city were being co-opted to serve the newly patriotic cause of the Dollfuss and Schuschnigg regimes, and the Burgtheater, once known as the first German stage, had been transformed into a national theatre for Austria. Using case studies of key productions and a wealth of previously unseen archival material, Pyrah sheds new light on artistic and ideological developments throughout the period, including the neglected earlier years. He documents previously unexplored overlaps in the cultural programmes of Left and Right, and unearths evidence that key institutions were subverted by the Right well before the suspension of parliamentary rule in 1933."

Human Subjects Research after the Holocaust

Author : Sheldon Rubenfeld
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319057022
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Subjects Research after the Holocaust by : Sheldon Rubenfeld

Download or read book Human Subjects Research after the Holocaust written by Sheldon Rubenfeld and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-30 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An engaging, compelling and disturbing confrontation with evil ...a book that will be transformative in its call for individual and collective moral responsibility." – Michael A. Grodin, M.D., Professor and Director, Project on Medicine and the Holocaust, Elie Wiesel Center for Judaic Studies, Boston University Human Subjects Research after the Holocaust challenges you to confront the misguided medical ethics of the Third Reich personally, and to apply the lessons learned to contemporary human subjects research. While it is comforting to believe that Nazi physicians, nurses, and bioscientists were either incompetent, mad, or few in number, they were, in fact, the best in the world at the time, and the vast majority participated in the government program of “applied biology.” They were not coerced to behave as they did—they enthusiastically exploited widely accepted eugenic theories to design horrendous medical experiments, gas chambers and euthanasia programs, which ultimately led to mass murder in the concentration camps. Americans provided financial support for their research, modeled their medical education and research after the Germans, and continued to perform unethical human subjects research even after the Nuremberg Doctors’ Trial. The German Medical Association apologized in 2012 for the behavior of its physicians during the Third Reich. By examining the medical crimes of human subjects researchers during the Third Reich, you will naturally examine your own behavior and that of your colleagues, and perhaps ask yourself "If the best physicians and bioscientists of the early 20th century could do evil while believing they were doing good, can I be certain that I will never do the same?"