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Author : Brian Kent Hilko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (66 download)
Download or read book Diagnostics in a High Density Z Pinch Plasma written by Brian Kent Hilko and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael A. Liberman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461214246
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Physics of High-Density Z-Pinch Plasmas written by Michael A. Liberman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A "z pinch" is a deceptively simple plasma configuration in which a longitudinal current produces a magnetic field that confines the plasma. Z-pinch research is currently one of the fastest growing areas of plasma physics, with revived interest in z-pinch controlled fusion reactors along with investigations of new z-pinch applications, such as very high power x-ray sources, high-energy neutrons sources, and ultra-high magnetic fields generators. This book provides a comprehensive review of the physics of dense z pinches and includes many recent experimental results.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)
Download or read book The Importance of EBIT Data for Z-pinch Plasma Diagnostics written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results from the last six years of x-ray spectroscopy and spectropolarimetry of high energy density Z-pinch plasmas complemented by experiments with the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) are presented. The two topics discussed are the development of M-shell x-ray W spectroscopic diagnostics and K-shell Ti spectropolarimetry of Z-pinch plasmas. The main focus is on radiation from a specific load configuration called an 'X-pinch'. X-pinches are excellent sources for testing new spectral diagnostics and for atomic modelling because of the high density and temperature of the pinch plasmas, which scale from a few [mu]m to several mm in size. They offer a variety of load configurations, which differ in wire connections, number of wires, and wire materials. In this work the study of X-pinches with tungsten wires combined with wires from other, lower-Z materials is reported. Utilizing data produced with the LLNL EBIT at different energies of the electron beam the theoretical prediction of line positions and intensity of M-shell W spectra were tested and calibrated. Polarization-sensitive X-pinch experiments at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) provide experimental evidence for the existence of strong electron beams in Ti and Mo X-pinch plasmas and motivate the development of x-ray spectropolarimetry of Z-pinch plasmas. This diagnostic is based on the measurement of spectra recorded simultaneously by two spectrometers with different sensitivity to the linear polarization of the observed lines and compared with theoretical models of polarization-dependent spectra. Polarization-dependent K-shell spectra from Ti X-pinches are presented and compared with model calculations and with spectra generated by a quasi-Maxwellian electron beam at the LLNL EBIT-II electron beam ion trap.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (962 download)
Download or read book Study of the Internal Structure, Instabilities, and Magnetic Fields in the Dense Z-pinch written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Z-pinches are sources of hot dense plasma which generates powerful x-ray bursts and can been applied to various areas of high-energy-density physics (HEDP). The 26-MA Z machine is at the forefront of many of these applications but important aspects of HEDP have been studied on generators at the 1 MA current level. Recent development of laser diagnostics and upgrade of the Leopard laser at Nevada Terawatt Facility (NTF) give new opportunities for the dense Z-pinch study. The goal of this project is the investigation of the internal structure of the stagnated Z pinch including sub-mm and micron-scale instabilities, plasma dynamics, magnetic fields, and hot spots formation and initiation. New plasma diagnostics will be developed for this project. A 3D structure and instabilities of the pinch will be compared with 3D MHD and spectroscopic modeling and theoretical analysis. The structure and dynamics of stagnated Z pinches has been studied with x-ray self-radiation diagnostics which derive a temperature map of the pinch with a spatial resolution of 70-150 æm. The regular laser diagnostics at 532 nm does not penetrate in the dense pinch due to strong absorption and refraction in trailing plasma. Recent experiments at NTF showed that shadowgraphy at the UV wavelength of 266 nm unfolds a fine structure of the stagnated Z-pinch with unprecedented detail. We propose to develop laser UV diagnostics for Z pinches with a spatial resolution 5 [mu]m to study the small-scale plasma structures, implement two-frame shadowgraphy/interferometry, and develop methods for investigation of strong magnetic fields. New diagnostics will help to understand better basic physical processes in Z pinches. A 3D internal structure of the pinch and characteristic instabilities will be studied in wire arrays with different configurations and compared with 3D MHD simulations and analytical models. Mechanisms of "enhanced heating" of Z-pinch plasma will be studied. Fast dynamics of stagnated plasma will be studied to estimate its contribution to the Doppler broadening of x-ray lines. Development of "necks" and "hot spots" will be studied with high-resolution UV diagnostics, an x-ray streak camera, and x-ray spectroscopy. Laser initiation of hot spots in Z pinches will be tested. A Faraday rotation diagnostic at 266 nm will be applied to 1-10 MG magnetic fields. For magnetic fields B20 MG, suggested in micropinches, Cotton-Mouton and cutoff diagnostics will be applied. A picosecond optical Kerr shutter will be tested to increase a sensitivity of UV methods for application at multi-MA Z pinches. The proposal is based on the experimental capability of NTF. The Zebra generator produces 1-1.7 MA Z-pinches with electron plasma density of 1020-1021cm-3, electron temperature of 0.5-1 keV, and magnetic fields>10 MG. The Leopard laser was upgraded to energy of 90-J at 0.8 ns. This regime will be used for laser initiation of hot spots. A further upgrade to energy of 250-J is suggested for laser-Z-pinch interaction. A picosecond regime will be used for optical gating. A 10-TW Tomcat laser at NTF is available for the high energy UV laser probing of the Z-pinch. Two graduate students will develop new optical and x-ray diagnostics, carry out experiments, and process experimental data. Other students will be involved in the design and fabrication of loads, supporting regular optical and x-ray diagnostics, and data processing. The new plasma diagnostics may be applied to HEDP experiments at NTF and other multi-MA generators. The feasibility of the research plan is based on the experience of the scientific team in Z-pinch plasma physics, laser physics, development of new plasma diagnostics, and the experimental capability of NTF. The experimental group of Dr. V.V. Ivanov (UNR) collaborates with a group for Z pinch MHD modeling of Dr. J.P. Chittenden (Imperial College, London), and theoretical group of Dr. D.D. Ryutov (LLNL). The suggested research ideas are supported by preli ...
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Z-pinch Diagnostics, Plasma and Liner Instabilities and New X-ray Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulse power experiments of the last several decades have contributed greatly to the understanding of high temperature and high density plasmas and, more recently, to the study of hydrodynamic effects in thick imploding cylinders. Common to all these experiments is the application of a large current pulse to a cylindrically symmetric load, with the resulting Lorenz force compressing the load to produce hydrodynamic motion and/or high temperature, high density plasma. In Los Alamos, Pulsed power experiments are carried out at two facilities. Experiments at low current (from several million to ten million Amperes) are conducted on the Pegasus II capacitor bank. Experiments with higher currents (10's to 100's MA range) are performed in Ancho Canyon with the explosively driven Procyon and MAGO magnetic flux compression generator systems. In this paper, the authors present a survey of diagnostic capabilities and results from several sets of experiments. First, they discuss the initiation and growth of instabilities in plasmas generated from the implosion of hollow z-pinches in the pegasus and Procyon experiments. Next they discuss spectroscopic data from the plasmas produced by the MAGO system. They also show time resolved imaging data from thick ((approximately) .4 mm) liner implosions. Finally, the authors discuss improvements to x-ray and visible light imaging and spectrographic diagnostic techniques. The emphasis of this paper is not so much a detailed discussion of the experiments, but a presentation of imaging and spectroscopic results and the implications of these observations to the experiments.
Author : Carl Boyd Hilland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Production and Diagnostic Measurements of a Pulsed High Density Kilovolt Plasma Employing a Noncylindrical Z Pinch written by Carl Boyd Hilland and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Time-dependent Electron Temperature Diagnostics for High-power, Aluminum Z-pinch Plasmas written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-resolved x-ray pinhole photographs and time-integrated radially-resolved x-ray crystal spectrometer measurements of azimuthally-symmetric aluminum-wire implosions suggest that the final pinch is composed of a hot dense plasma core surrounded by a cooler plasma halo. The slope of the free-bound x-ray continuum measured using filtered photoconducting diodes, provides a time-resolved, model-independent diagnostic of the core electron temperature. A simultaneous measurement of the time-resolved K-shell line spectra provides a diagnostic to indirectly measure the electron temperature of the plasma halo. Together, measurements from the two diagnostics lend support to a picture that also emerges from a 1-D Rad-Hydro model; namely, that of a plasma whose thermalization on axis produces steep radial gradients in temperature, where the temperatures are substantially in excess of a kilovolt in the core and below a kilovolt in the surrounding plasma halo.
Author : Jack Davis
Publisher : American Institute of Physics
ISBN 13 : 9780735401082
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Dense Z-Pinches written by Jack Davis and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2002-12-13 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference was a topical meeting in the area of high energy density plasma physics as it relates to magnetically imploded/confined plasmas: Z-pinches. Scientists interested in plasmas for fusion and other applications at temperatures around a million degrees centigrade with strong magnetic fields and intense radiation fluxes will be interested in this conference. The physics of the plasmas discussed in this conference include magneto-hydrodynamics and instabilities, fusion mechanisms, radiation transport, mega-ampere pulsed power, atomic physics, spectroscopy and x-ray imaging. This proceeding provides a snapshot of the field internationally.
Author : I. Podgornyi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468407244
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Topics in Plasma Diagnostics written by I. Podgornyi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume is essentially a qualitative survey of modern trends in the diagnostics of high-temperature plasmas, with particular orientation toward laboratory plasmas of interest in connection with research in controlled thermonuclear fusion. Among the broad topics considered are probe diagnostics, optical methods (including the use of lasers and holography), microwave diagnostics, and diagnostics with particle beams. Having infor mation on these methods available in compact form and in one place, as is the case in the present volume, should make it pos sible to evaluate different diagnostic approaches to specific prob lems. The volume will be useful as an introduction for advanced students making their first contact with experimental plasma physics and for physicists and engineers who are entering the field and desire a rapid survey of principles and modern trends in the diagnostics of high-temperature plasmas. v Foreword to the American Edition The material in this book is based on lectures given at Mos cow State University. It is intended to acquaint the reader with the basic aspects of plasma diagnostics and contains information re quired for the experimental physicist who wishes to carry out straightforward measurements of laboratory plasmas. It will be evident that in choosing the material we have been guided pri marily by the scientific interests of the author, and the great bulk of the material is based on work carried out in the USSR.
Author : Jack Sherman Shlachter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Behavior of a Plasma in a High Density Gas Embedded Z-pinch Configuration written by Jack Sherman Shlachter and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030908637X
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Frontiers in High Energy Density Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-11 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent scientific and technical advances have made it possible to create matter in the laboratory under conditions relevant to astrophysical systems such as supernovae and black holes. These advances will also benefit inertial confinement fusion research and the nation's nuclear weapon's program. The report describes the major research facilities on which such high energy density conditions can be achieved and lists a number of key scientific questions about high energy density physics that can be addressed by this research. Several recommendations are presented that would facilitate the development of a comprehensive strategy for realizing these research opportunities.
Author : Jeremy Chittenden
Publisher : AIP Conference Proceedings / P
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Dense Z-Pinches written by Jeremy Chittenden and published by AIP Conference Proceedings / P. This book was released on 2006-01-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume summarizes the state-of-the-art in Z-pinch research pertaining to applications in inertial confinement fusion, x-ray radiation sources and high energy density plasma physics. Topics include: wire array Z-pinches, single wires and fibers, X-pinches, gas-puffs, plasma focus, capillary discharges and soft X-ray lasers, pulsed power drivers, diagnostic techniques and spectroscopy, as well as theoretical concepts.
Author : Eleanor Glynis Forbes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)
Download or read book Diagnostic Development and Plasma-material Interaction Studies on the ZaP-HD Device written by Eleanor Glynis Forbes and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch device was designed to investigate the use of a tri-axial electrode configuration to scale a sheared-flow stabilized Z pinch to high energy density conditions. Decoupling the power used to form the plasma from the power used to compress the pinch has resulted in temperatures and densities of 1 keV and 1 x 1018cm−3 during quiescent periods of up to 60 microseconds. After demonstrating improved performance through the use of two power supplies, the ZaP-HD machine has seen further use as a test-bed for diagnostic development and high energy density plasma-material interactions (PMI). Two novel diagnostics have been fielded on the ZaP-HD machine: time-resolved spectroscopy and three-dimensional digital holographic interferometry (DHI). Time-resolved spectroscopy is used to make simultaneous measurements of plasma temperature and velocity over the course of the plasma lifetime. Three-dimensional DHI is used to reconstruct the full 3D electron density structure of approximately three centimeters of the length of the Z-pinch. These two diagnostics used in concert with magnetic field probes and other measurements provide a detailed history of the Z-pinch behavior and give comprehensive information on the variation in pinch performance with initial conditions. A series of experiments were performed to better understand the role of plasma kinetic and thermal energy in material target deformation in high-energy density plasmas. Graphite and boron-nitride targets were exposed to plasmas of varying temperatures and velocities. Plasma behavior was monitored with a diagnostic suite and the targets were examined with high-resolution surface diagnostics to characterize any deformation caused by plasma exposure. Significant differences in the surface structure are seen for graphite targets. Features vary with plasma ion energy and with orientation to the plasma flow. Energy deposition and sputtering yield are calculated for various parameters. Targets exposed to high-energy plasma pulses are found to exceed the BN and graphite sublimation temperature. The data are used to calculate graphite erosion times and may be useful for designing electrodes on future experiments and reactor concepts.
Author : Michael Patrick Ross
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (981 download)
Download or read book Exploring Plasma Stability and Confinement with High Resolution Density Measurements on the ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch written by Michael Patrick Ross and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch project provides a platform to explore how shear flow stabilized Z-pinches could scale to high-energy-density plasma (plasma with pressures exceeding 1~Mbar) and fusion reactor conditions. The Z-pinch is a linear plasma confinement geometry in which the plasma carries axial electric current and is confined by its self-induced magnetic field. ZaP-HD generates shear stabilized, axisymmetric Z-pinches with stable lifetimes approaching 60ms. The goal of the project is to increase the plasma density and temperature compared to the previous ZaP project by compressing the plasma to smaller radii (~1mm). Radial and axial plasma electron density structure is measured using digital holographic interferometry (DHI), which provides the necessary fine spatial resolution. ZaP-HD's DHI system uses a 2ns Nd:YAG laser pulse with a second harmonic generator (lambda = 532nm) to produce holograms recorded by a Nikon D3200 digital camera. The holograms are numerically reconstructed with the Fresnel transform reconstruction method to obtain the phase shift caused by the interaction of the laser beam with the plasma. This provides a two-dimensional map of line-integrated electron density, which can be Abel inverted to determine the local number density. The DHI resolves line-integrated densities down to 3 X 1020m−2 with spatial resolution near 10 micro m. This dissertation presents the first application of Fresnel transform reconstruction as an analysis technique for a plasma diagnostic, and it analyzes the method's accuracy through study of synthetic data. It then presents an Abel inversion procedure that utilizes data on both sides of a Z-pinch local number density profile to maximize profile symmetry. Density measurements from DHI reveal the quality of ZaP-HD's confinement, specifically its scaling properties. DHI measurements also enable an evaluation of Z-pinch stability metrics.
Author : Derek Alexander Mariscal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781321870602
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (76 download)
Download or read book Investigation of Magnetic Field and Current Topology in Z-pinch Plasmas written by Derek Alexander Mariscal and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Z-pinch plasma dynamics are largely determined by the current and magnetic field topology of the system. Measurement of the magnetic fields allows for the inference of the current distribution, but is in practice difficult to measure in experiments. This leads to a high dependence on numerical simulations for extracting this information, but without quality experimental data, may not be entirely reliable for this purpose. Proton deflectometry, or proton radiography, is a relatively new diagnostic developed for investigating electromagnetic fields in high energy-density plasmas since it provides data with high spatial and temporal resolution compared to traditional field diagnostics. It was developed in the laser-plasma-interaction community as a means of determining electric and magnetic field strength and orientation during laser-driven plasma experiments. In this work, the method was developed for use on Mega-Amp-scale pulsed-power-driven plasma experiments. In one configuration, a proton beam was directed radially, with respect to the z-axis of a pulsed-power-driven short-circuit load. In this setup, an azimuthally symmetric magnetic field is generated around the short-circuit load, as a current pulse, 0.6 MA in 0-100% rise-time 200 ns with an approximately sine-squared waveform. Scaled laboratory astrophysics experiments modeling the dynamics of universal astrophysical phenomena such as plasma jets have recently become an area of great interest. Such experiments are vital to resolving long-standing questions about the roles of various physical processes in the dynamics of such objects. The application of proton deflectometry to scaled laboratory astrophysics experiments revealed details of the current and magnetic field topology which was previously accessible only in numerical codes. One such load is the radial foil load, designed to replicate the propagation of a jet during the formation stages of a star. The data from this work was used to benchmark a resistive MHD code, Gorgon, designed to reproduce the Z-pinch experiments as well as astrophysical phenomena. The simulation results were found to agree with the experimental data, meaning that the current and magnetic field topology could be recovered from the code. The demonstration of this diagnostic technique opens up many possibilities for examining the current and magnetic field topology in other Z-pinch experiments.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080859860
Total Pages : 493 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Plasma Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1971-02-27 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma Physics
