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Development Of Membrane Extraction Systems For Measuring Trace Level Organic Compounds In Water
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Book Synopsis Development of Membrane Extraction Systems for Measuring Trace Level Organic Compounds in Water by : Xuemei Guo
Download or read book Development of Membrane Extraction Systems for Measuring Trace Level Organic Compounds in Water written by Xuemei Guo and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground and surface water resources poses a threat to public health. The measurement of these trace level contaminants in water is of significant importance. Conventional methods for analysis of trace volatile organic compounds in water include purge and trap, head space analysis, and solid phase microextraction (SPME). While these are excellent laboratory techniques, none of them can be used for continuous, on-line monitoring of water streams. Membrane separation of organic compounds from water provides an exciting possibility for on-line extraction and analysis. In previous investigations, water continuously flowed on the feed side of the membrane and the analytes were continuously removed by an inert gas stream or a vacuum. The measurement was based on steady state permeation. This approach has several limitations. For example, the steady state can not be reached instantly, resulting in a long analysis time. Another limitation is that this instrument can not be used for analyzing small discrete samples. In this study, a novel approach, referred to as pulse introduction membrane extraction (PIME), is presented. This technique eliminates steady state requirements and can be used for continuous monitoring, as well as for discrete analysis of trace levels of VOCs in water. Water samples are introduced as a pulse into a membrane module. An eluent is used to transport the sample onto the membrane. The permeated organic compounds are extracted by an inert gas, concentrated in a micro-sorbent trap and injected into a GC for analysis. An aqueous boundary layer which forms at the membrane surface due to the poor mixing of water with the membrane appears to be the major resistance to mass transfer for the permeation process. Boundary layer effects were reduced by nitrogen purge of the membrane, and by an alternative membrane module design. A mathematical model which takes into account the aqueous boundary layer effects was developed to describe the nonsteady state, pulse introduction process. A qualitative model of extraction efficiency is also presented here to illustrate the factors that affect analytical sensitivity. The combination of system optimization, nitrogen purge and improved module design results in higher sensitivity and faster response than other methods reported in the technical literature. Detection limits are at ppb levels, precision and extraction efficiency are excellent. As the result of this research, the capability of continuous monitoring of trace levels of organic compounds in water has been demonstrated. The PIME system was compared with previously reported steady state membrane permeation system. The advantages of the PIME system include higher sensitive and faster response and can also be used for discrete sample analysis. Comparison of the PIME with the purge and trap technique, which is currently the most popular method for VOCs analysis, showed that the results are in good agreement. Contaminated ground water samples from the Naval Engineering Research Station were analyzed to demonstrate the practicality of the PIME system. This study was extended to the analysis of sernivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in water. Continuous monitoring of SVOCs in water using membrane extraction and on-line HPLC analysis was explored. The system was based on continuous extraction rather than pulse introduction. It demonstrated the capability for enriclunent of SVOCs from water into a solvent. Continuous monitoring of SVOCs was demonstrated at ppb level using HPLC. System parameters which affect the enrichment factors were studied.
Book Synopsis Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by :
Download or read book Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Report on Proposal to Develop and Test a Membrane Sampling Module for the Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds from Water by :
Download or read book Final Report on Proposal to Develop and Test a Membrane Sampling Module for the Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds from Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new technique is describe for the direct detection of volatile organic compounds in aqueous solutions at levels in the parts per trillion range. The sample is enriched in analyte in two consecutive stages, one utilizes a semi-permeable membrane interface and the other a jet separator. The analyte solution is sampled as it flows coaxially over a semi-permeable capillary membrane, the interior of which is continuously purged by helium. The permeate is pneumatically transported to the mass spectrometer via a jet separator, which is used to remove excess helium and water from the analyte vapor stream. Data are reported for an ion trap mass spectrometer used in conjunction with a conventional fixed-gap quartz jet separator. Typical analyte response times are 2-5 minutes and flow injection methods are used for sample delivery. Detection limits in the range 30 to parts per billion are observed for selected volatile organic compounds and the response is linear over 3 orders of magnitude. Details of the construction of the interface are provided.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liquid-Phase Extraction by : Colin F. Poole
Download or read book Liquid-Phase Extraction written by Colin F. Poole and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Phase Extraction thoroughly presents both existing and new techniques in liquid phase extraction. It not only provides all information laboratory scientists need for choosing and utilizing suitable sample preparation procedures for any kind of sample, but also showcases the contemporary uses of sample preparation techniques in the most important industrial and academic project environments, including countercurrent chromatography, pressurized-liquid extraction, single-drop Microextraction, and more. Written by recognized experts in their respective fields, it serves as a one-stop reference for those who need to know which technique to choose for liquid phase extraction. Used in conjunction with a similar release, Solid Phase Extraction, it allows users to master this crucial aspect of sample preparation. - Defines the current state-of-the-art in extraction techniques and the methods and procedures for implementing them in laboratory practice - Includes extensive referencing that facilitates the identification of key information - Aimed at both entry-level scientists and those who want to explore new techniques and methods
Book Synopsis A Thermally-enhanced, Membrane-based Flow-through Extraction System for the On-line Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by : Lindsay A. Harrington
Download or read book A Thermally-enhanced, Membrane-based Flow-through Extraction System for the On-line Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water written by Lindsay A. Harrington and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analytical Measurements in Aquatic Environments by : Jacek Namiesnik
Download or read book Analytical Measurements in Aquatic Environments written by Jacek Namiesnik and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-08-26 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even a cursory perusal of any analytical journal will demonstrate the increasing important of trace and ultra-trace analysis. And as instrumentation continues to develop, the definition of the term "trace element" will undoubtedly continue to change. Covering the composition and underlying properties of freshwater and marine systems, Analytical Mea
Book Synopsis Determination of Toxic Organic Chemicals In Natural Waters, Sediments and Soils by : T. R. Crompton
Download or read book Determination of Toxic Organic Chemicals In Natural Waters, Sediments and Soils written by T. R. Crompton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-07 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determination of Toxic Organic Chemicals in Natural Waters, Sediments and Soils: Determination and Analysis reviews the latest techniques for the determination and assessment of both current and emerging organic compounds in a range of important environmental contexts. A wide range of organic compounds in non-saline waters are discussed in the opening chapters, including hydrocarbons, surface active agents and volatile organic compounds. This is followed by multiorganics, pesticides and organometallic compounds in non-saline waters. Organic compounds in aqueous precipitation are then explored before the book goes on to discuss compounds in soils, including extraction techniques, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, and organometallic compounds. Finally, the concluding chapters focus on compounds in sediments, providing readers with the latest information in the field and supporting them as they address the important issue surrounding organic material throughout ecosystems. - Highlights the latest methods for analyzing a wide range of organic compounds - Supports researchers by providing detailed information across a range of ecosystems - Includes detailed guidance for assessing complex mixtures of organic compounds in the environment
Book Synopsis Solvent Extraction and Liquid Membranes by : Manuel Aguilar
Download or read book Solvent Extraction and Liquid Membranes written by Manuel Aguilar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-04-07 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The applications of solvent extraction (SX) and liquid membranes (LM) span chemistry, metallurgy, hydrometallurgy, chemical/mineral processing, and waste treatment-making it difficult to find a single resource that encompasses fundamentals as well as advanced applications. Solvent Extraction and Liquid Membranes: Fundamentals and Applicat
Book Synopsis Sampling and Sample Preparation in Field and Laboratory by : Janusz Pawliszyn
Download or read book Sampling and Sample Preparation in Field and Laboratory written by Janusz Pawliszyn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-09-09 with total page 1170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is the first comprehensive book on sampling and modern sample preparation techniques and has several main objectives: to facilitate recognition of sample preparation as both an integral part of the analytical process; to present a fundamental basis and unified theoretical approach for the professional development of sample preparation; to emphasize new developments in sample preparation technology; and to highlight the future impact of sample preparation on new directions in analytical science, particularly automation, miniaturization and field implementation. Until recently, there has been relatively little scientific interest in sampling and sample preparation, however this situation is presently changing as sampling and sample preparation become integral parts of the analytical process with their own unique challenges and research opportunities. Sampling and Sample Preparation for Field and Laboratory is an essential resource for all analytical chemists, and in particular those involved in method development. Not only does it cover the fundamental aspects of extraction, it also covers applications in various matrices and includes sampling strategies and equipment and how these can be integrated into the analytical process for maximum efficiency.
Book Synopsis Food Control and Biosecurity by : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Download or read book Food Control and Biosecurity written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-13 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food Control and Biosecurity, Volume Sixteen, the latest release in the Handbook of Food Bioengineering series, is an essential resource for anyone in the food industry who needs to understand safety and quality control to prevent or reduce the spread of foodborne diseases. The book covers information from exporter to transporter, importer and retailer, and offers valuable tools to measure food quality while also addressing government standards and regulations for food production, processing and consumption. The book presents cutting-edge methods for detecting hazardous compounds within foods, including carcinogenic chemicals. Other related topics addressing food insecurity and food defense are also discussed. - Identifies the latest import/export regulations related to food control and biosecurity - Provides detection and analysis methods to ensure a safe food supply - Presents risk assessment tools and prevention strategies for food safety and process control
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation by : Josep M. Bayona
Download or read book Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation written by Josep M. Bayona and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 2998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation is a complete treatment of the theory and methodology of sampling in all physical phases and the theory of sample preparation for all major extraction techniques. It is the perfect starting point for researchers and students to design and implement their experiments and support those experiments with quality-reviewed background information. In its four volumes, fundamentals of sampling and sample preparation are reinforced through broad and detailed sections dealing with Biological and Medical, Environmental and Forensic, and Food and Beverage applications. The contributions are organized to reflect the way in which analytical chemists approach a problem. It is intended for a broad audience of analytical chemists, both educators and practitioners of the art and can assist in the preparation of courses as well in the selection of sampling and sample preparation techniques to address the challenges at hand. Above all, it is designed to be helpful in learning more about these topics, as well as to encourage an interest in sampling and sample preparation by outlining the present practice of the technology and by indicating research opportunities. Sampling and Sample preparation is a large and well-defined field in Analytical Chemistry, relevant for many application areas such as medicine, environmental science, biochemistry, pharmacology, geology, and food science. This work covers all these aspects and will be extremely useful to researchers and students, who can use it as a starting point to design and implement their experiments and for quality-reviewed background information There are limited resources that Educators can use to effectively teach the fundamental aspects of modern sample preparation technology. Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation addresses this need, but focuses on the common principles of new developments in extraction technologies rather than the differences between techniques thus facilitating a more thorough understanding Provides a complete overview of the field. Not only will help to save time, it will also help to make correct assessments and avoid costly mistakes in sampling in the process Sample and sample preparation are integral parts of the analytical process but are often less considered and sometimes even completely disregarded in the available literature. To fill this gap, leading scientists have contributed 130 chapters, organized in 4 volumes, covering all modern aspects of sampling and liquid, solid phase and membrane extractions, as well as the challenges associated with different types of matrices in relevant application areas
Download or read book Treatise on Water Science written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 2131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality and management are of great significance globally, as the demand for clean, potable water far exceeds the availability. Water science research brings together the natural and applied sciences, engineering, chemistry, law and policy, and economics, and the Treatise on Water Science seeks to unite these areas through contributions from a global team of author-experts. The 4-volume set examines topics in depth, with an emphasis on innovative research and technologies for those working in applied areas. Published in partnership with and endorsed by the International Water Association (IWA), demonstrating the authority of the content Editor-in-Chief Peter Wilderer, a Stockholm Water Prize recipient, has assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Topics related to water resource management, water quality and supply, and handling of wastewater are treated in depth
Book Synopsis Development of Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Trace Organic Materials in Water by : Ihor Lysyj
Download or read book Development of Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Trace Organic Materials in Water written by Ihor Lysyj and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
