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Development Of Marine Sediment Toxicity Data For Ordnance Compounds And Toxicity Identification Evaluation Studies At Select Naval Facilities
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Book Synopsis Development of Marine Sediment Toxicity Data for Ordnance Compounds and Toxicity Identification Evaluation Studies at Select Naval Facilities by :
Download or read book Development of Marine Sediment Toxicity Data for Ordnance Compounds and Toxicity Identification Evaluation Studies at Select Naval Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To assess the potential impact of contamination by ordnance compounds and their contribution to environmental degradation in two areas of Puget Sound, Washington, an extensive study was undertaken. It included the generation of a toxicity database of ordnance compounds to marine organisms, and sediment toxicity and chemical analyses of 50 stations in the vicinity of the Jackson Park and Port Hadlock naval facilities, Puget Sound, including Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) studies at selected stations. Eight ordnance compounds of concern were selected and analyzed for toxicity with six different kinds of marine toxicity tests, which included five species and phyla, and nine endpoints. Toxicity tests and endpoints were: fertilization success and embryological development with the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata; zoospore germination, germling length and cell number with the green macro-alga Ulva fasciata; survival and reproductive success of the polychaete Dinophilus gyrociliatus; larvae survival with the redfish Sciaenops ocellatus; and survival of juveniles of the opossum shrimp Mysidopsis bahia. The overall toxicity, chemistry, and TIE test results indicate that ordnance compounds are not contaminants of concern at any of the sites studied in Puget Sound, Washington.
Book Synopsis Final Report on Development of Marine Sediment Toxicity Data for Ordnance Compounds and Toxicity Identification Evaluation Studies at Select Naval Facilities by : R. Scott Carr
Download or read book Final Report on Development of Marine Sediment Toxicity Data for Ordnance Compounds and Toxicity Identification Evaluation Studies at Select Naval Facilities written by R. Scott Carr and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 191 by : George Ware
Download or read book Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 191 written by George Ware and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-17 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology provides concise, critical review articles of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.
Book Synopsis Toxicity of Marine Sediments and Pore Waters Spiked With Ordnance Compounds by :
Download or read book Toxicity of Marine Sediments and Pore Waters Spiked With Ordnance Compounds written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken to help quantify the potential effects of sediment contamination with ordnance compounds to the benthic biota. This objective was achieved by conducting toxicity tests with sediments spiked with ordnance compounds, using whole sediment tests with a benthic amphipod and porewater tests with different life stages of three marine organisms. The selection of ordnance compounds and porewater test species for this study was based on the results of previous studies, where a database for toxicity of eight different ordnance compounds to six marine species was generated. The ordnance compounds selected for the present study were 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), tetryl and picric acid. Two kinds of sediments were spiked with each ordnance compound. Spiked sediments were allowed to equilibrate for approximately 1 week prior to porewater extraction and to toxicity testing of the solid-phase. Solid-phase tests were conducted using the 10-day acute test with the benthic amphipod, Ampelisca abdita. Porewater toxicity tests were conducted using the 48-hour embryological development test with the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, the 96-hour zoospore germination and germling growth test with the macro-alga, Ulva fasciata, and the 7-day survival and reproduction test with the burrowing polychaete, Dinophilus gyroclliatus. These species and endpoints were identified previously as being among the most sensitive for these ordnance compounds.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Aquatic Toxicity Workshop by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the Aquatic Toxicity Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods for Assessing the Toxicity of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Amphipods by :
Download or read book Methods for Assessing the Toxicity of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Amphipods written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sediment Toxicity Assessment by : G.Allen Burton
Download or read book Sediment Toxicity Assessment written by G.Allen Burton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment Toxicity Assessment provides the latest information regarding how to evaluate sediment contamination and its effects on aquatic ecosystems. It presents an integrated ecosystem approach by detailing effective assessment methods, considerations, and effects to each major component of marine and freshwater systems, including the benthos, plankton, and fish communities. The approaches emphasize defining habitat conditions (physical and chemical), toxicant bioavailability, factors influencing toxicity (lab and field), biomarkers, acute and chronic toxicity, study design, collection methods, and EPA management strategies. The book also explains how to integrate the assessments. Sediment Toxicity Assessment will be useful to to all environmental managers, environmental scientists, ecotoxicologists, environmental regulators, aquatic ecologists, environmental contractors and consultants, instructors, students, conservation commissions, and environmental activist organizations.
Download or read book Sediments written by Renato Baudo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important volume-the product of a meeting of a select group of scientists-provides the most recent research results from the world's leaders in the study of toxic pollutants in sediments. It gives practical information on measuring and mapping distributions of concentrations of pollutants and their toxic effects in sediments. Also covered are the use and relative advantages and disadvantages of benthic chambers, sedimentation traps, box corers, "peepers" and other sampling techniques in sediment research and assessment. Important topics covered include: bioassay, elemental speciation, diffuse source problems, nutrient flux, biomethylation, bioavailability, and toxicity assessment. Will help in assessment and monitoring of chemistry, dynamics, bioavailability, and toxicity of pollutants, as well helping to chart courses for remedial action. This book will be of interest to anyone interested in the processes controlling the chemistry and movement of pollutants in sediments, especially: limnologists aquatic toxicologists engineers lake managers ecologists biologists environmental chemists
Book Synopsis Review of the U.S. Navy Environmental Health Center's Health-Hazard Assessment Process by : National Research Council
Download or read book Review of the U.S. Navy Environmental Health Center's Health-Hazard Assessment Process written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-09-23 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of chemicals are used on land at shore facilities, in the air in combat and reconnaissance aircraft, on seas around the world in surface vessels, and in submarine vessels by the navy and marine corps. Although the chemicals used are for the large part harmless, there is a significant amount of chemicals in use that can be health hazards during specific exposure circumstances. The Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC) is primarily tasked with assessing these hazards. The NEHC completes its tasks by reviewing toxicological and related data and preparing health-hazard assessments (HHAs) for the different chemicals. Since the NEHC is continually asked to develop these HHAs, the National Research Council (NRC) was asked to assess independently the validity and effectiveness of NEHC's HHA process, in order to determine whether the process as implemented provides the Navy with the best, comprehensive, and defensible evaluations of health hazards and to identify any elements that might require improvement. The task was assigned to the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology's Committee on Toxicology's (COT's) Subcommittee on Toxicological hazard and Risk Assessment. Review of the U.S. Navy Environmental Health Center's Health-Hazard Assessment Process presents the subcommittee's report. The report is the work of expertise in general toxicology, inhalation toxicology, epidemiology, neurotoxicology, immunotoxicology, reproductive and developmental toxicology, pharmacology, medicine, risk assessment, and biostatistics. It is based on its review of documents provided by NEHC, presentations by NEHC personnel, and site visits to NEHC in Norfolk, Virginia and an aircraft carrier in San Diego, California.
Book Synopsis Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates by :
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment contamination is a widespread environmental problem that can potentially pose a threat to a variety of aquatic ecosystems. The sediment test methods in this manual will be used by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to make decisions under a range of statutory authorities concerning such issues as: dredged material disposal, registration of pesticides and toxic substances, superfound site assessment, and assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The use of uniform sediment testing procedures by USEPA programs is expected to increase data accuracy and precision, facilitate test replication, increase the comparative value of test results, and ultimately, increase the efficiency of regulatory processes requiring sediment tests.
Book Synopsis Sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluation by : Gerald Thomas Ankley
Download or read book Sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluation written by Gerald Thomas Ankley and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sediments and Toxic Substances by : Wolfgang Calmano
Download or read book Sediments and Toxic Substances written by Wolfgang Calmano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In modern sediment research on contaminants five aspects are discussed which, in an overlapping succession, also reflect develop ment of knowledge on particle-associated pollutants during the past twenty-five years: (1) identification of sources and their distribution; (2) evaluation of solid/solution relations; (3) study of transfer mecha nisms to biological systems; (4) assessment of environment impact; and (5) selection and further development of remedial measures, in par ticular, of dredged materials. Scientific research and practical develop ment are still expanding in all these individual aspects. Similar to other waste materials, management of contaminated sed iments requires a holistic approach. This means that assessment of biogeochemical reactions, interfacial processes and transfer mecha nisms as well as the prognosis of long-term borderline conditions, in particular of capacity-controlling properties, should be an integrated part of the wider management scheme, i.e., the analytical and experi mental parameters should always be related to potential remediation options for a specific sediment problem. The underlying coordinated project, which was funded by the German Federal Ministry for Science and Technology (now the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology) provided excellent opportunities for multidisciplinary effort, bringing together biologists, chemists, engineers, geologists and other researchers. During its active phase, the group attracted much interest nationally and internationally. The group members highly appreciate the manifold contacts and invitations during the past five years.
Book Synopsis Guidance Document on Measurement of Toxicity Test Precision Using Control Sediments Spiked with a Reference Toxicant by : Roman Lanno
Download or read book Guidance Document on Measurement of Toxicity Test Precision Using Control Sediments Spiked with a Reference Toxicant written by Roman Lanno and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides guidance and recommendations for selection of a reference toxicant, spiking procedures, and use of control sediments for assessing changes in sensitivity of test organisms to toxicants and measuring precision of both intra- and inter-laboratory spiked-sediment toxicity tests. Four potential reference toxicants (cadmium, copper, pentachlorophenate, and fluoranthene) were considered for selection since they were the only chemicals with published information regarding sediment spiking and use in sediment toxicity tests. The recommendations on the use of these toxicants in tests using either freshwater or marine sediment reflect the information currently available. Instructions are included for the selection of control sediments for spiking, selection and use of test organisms, acquisition and handling of chemicals, conducting reference toxicant tests, establishing and updating warning charts, record keeping, and data reporting. Key areas requiring further research are also identified. The appendices include a summary of current research on formulated sediments, a list of information typically provided in a material safety data sheet, and graphs showing the fate of copper and cadmium added to natural seawater.
Book Synopsis Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations by : Donald Irvin Mount
Download or read book Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations written by Donald Irvin Mount and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Porewater Toxicity Testing by : Robert Scott Carr
Download or read book Porewater Toxicity Testing written by Robert Scott Carr and published by Setac Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity by : National Research Council
Download or read book Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-04-13 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Navy has been concerned for some time with protecting its military and civilian personnel from reproductive and developmental hazards in the workplace. As part of its efforts to reduce or eliminate exposure of Naval personnel and their families to reproductive and developmental toxicants, the Navy requested that the National Research Council (NRC) recommend an approach that can be used to evaluate chemicals and physical agents for their potential to cause reproductive and developmental toxicity. The NRC assigned this project to the Committee on Toxicology, which convened the Subcommittee on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, to prepare this report. In this report, the subcommittee recommends an approach for evaluating agents for potential reproductive and developmental toxicity and demonstrates how that approach can be used by the Navy. This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: James Chen (National Center for Toxicological Research), George Daston (Procter and Gamble Company), Jerry Heindel (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences), Grace Lemasters (University of Cincinnati), and John Young (National Center for Toxicological Research).
Book Synopsis An Integrated Approach to the Toxicity Evaluation of Irish Marine Sediment - Chemical Assessment by :
Download or read book An Integrated Approach to the Toxicity Evaluation of Irish Marine Sediment - Chemical Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project was a collaborative project between the Marine Institute (MI) in Galway and Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC) in the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT). In Ireland, at present, sediment quality assessments are generally reliant on chemical analysis alone with limited bioassay techniques available to further characterise the sediment. Some causative agents of toxicity to biological organisms are below analytical detection limits. Integration of bioassay data with chemical analysis is essential in order to complete a full ecotoxicological assessment of the quality of the marine environment. This project describes the chemical analysis of marine sediment for persistent pollutants from selected locations around the coast of Ireland. A novel analytical technique is developed for extraction and quantification of organotins (OTCs) from sediment and for subsequent exposure onto fish cell lines. Fish cell cultures are additionally exposed to a range of reference OTC chemicals. The method for organotin extraction is additionally utilised in a Toxicity Identification Evaluation study whereby a crude solvent extract is assayed on two biological organisms namely the Microtox (employing the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri) and the marine copepod Tisbe battagliai and chemically analysed. A further fractionation of the extract is then performed and further testing conducted on the organisms, therefore potentially pinpointing the source of toxicity. An in-situ study using caged Nucell lapillus and Crassostrea gigas to monitor TBT induced bioeffects in Irish harbours was also developed which was correlated with stable isotope ratios, condition indices and measurement of OTCs in the various biota tissues and sediment samples. This short term exposure methods showed a rapid development of imposex in gastropod species and shell abnormalities in oysters at a TBT polluted location.
