Development Of Highly Active Supported Tio2 Photocatalyst For Waste Water Purification

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Development of Highly Active Supported TiO2 Photocatalyst for Waste Water Purification

Author : Nor Hafizah binti Ahmad Tarmizi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Highly Active Supported TiO2 Photocatalyst for Waste Water Purification by : Nor Hafizah binti Ahmad Tarmizi

Download or read book Development of Highly Active Supported TiO2 Photocatalyst for Waste Water Purification written by Nor Hafizah binti Ahmad Tarmizi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ground water pollution has become one of the major concerns to the government due to the rapid development of the industries such as pharmaceutical and petrochemical. An excessive amount of polluted water release from these industries can cause negative impact to the public when the water is consumed. Utilization of membrane filtration, chloride dioxide, and activated carbon are among conventional methods to treat the polluted water to date. Today, TiO2 photocatalyst is recognized as a potential material for water treatment as it is non-toxic and requires solar energy to initiate its redox mechanism to degrade organic and inorganic pollutants. Nonetheless, separation of TiO2 powder from the purified water after the treatment can be very tedious thus secondary operation is needed to separate them. In this research, TiO2 photocatalyst powders with nanosize particles were synthesized via sol-gel method. The mol ratios of water-to-TPT were varied at 0.5 (Powder 0.5), 1 (Powder 1), 2 (Powder 2), 3 (Powder 3), 4 (Powder 4), and 5 (Powder 5). Then, the gel TiO2 powders were dried at 200 °C for one hour followed by calcination at 400 °C. The obtained powders were then immobilized with cement for phenol degradation. FESEM surface morphologies of TiO2 powders showed that the powders had spherical shape at lower ratios of water-to-TPT and lost its ability to form homogeneous spherical shape as the ratios became higher. XRD analysis proved the obtained TiO2 powders were pure anatase and fully crystalline after being calcined at 400 °C. The TG/DTA results revealed the crystallization temperature of smaller powder particle was higher as it needed more heat to change its phase than bigger powder particles. The cement-bonded TiO2 photocatalysts were found to be well-adhered to the cement surface when analyzed with FESEM. Photocatalytic performance of cement-bonded TiO2 photocatalysts of Powder 1, 2, and 5 were evaluated from their photodegradation activity with phenol solution as the representative organic pollutant. Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model was employed to compare their photoefficiency. Powder 1 has higher value of adsorption equilibrium constant due to its smaller particles that capable of adsorbing more phenol molecules to be degraded. Meanwhile, Powder 2 has better reaction rate constant as its high crystallinity has provided efficient charge separation to induce the redox mechanism in degrading phenol molecules.

Photocatalysis and Water Purification

Author : Pierre Pichat
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527645411
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Photocatalysis and Water Purification by : Pierre Pichat

Download or read book Photocatalysis and Water Purification written by Pierre Pichat and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is one of the essential resources on our planet. Therefore, fresh water and the recycling of waste-water are very important topics in various areas. Energy-saving green technologies are a demand in this area of research. Photocatalysis comprises a class of reactions which use a catalyst activated by light. These reactions include the decomposition of organic compounds into environmental friendly water and carbon dioxide, leading to interesting properties of surfaces covered with a photocatalyst: they protect e.g. against incrustation of fouling matter, they are self-cleaning, antibacterial and viricidal. Therefore, they are attractive candidates for environmental applications such as water purification and waste-water treatment. This book introduces scientists and engineers to the fundamentals of photocatalysis and enlightens the potentials of photocatalysis to increase water quality. Also, strategies to improve the photocatalytic efficacy are pointed out: synthesis of better photocatalysts, combination of photocatalysis with other technologies, and the proper design of photocatalytic reactors. Implementation of applications and a chapter on design approaches for photocatalytic reactors round off the book. 'Photocatalysis and Water Purification' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. G.Q. Max Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.

Photocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment

Author : Elvis Fosso-Kankeu
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119631394
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Photocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment by : Elvis Fosso-Kankeu

Download or read book Photocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment written by Elvis Fosso-Kankeu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment comprehensively covers a range of topics aiming to promote the implementation of photocatalysis at large scale through provision of facile and green methods for catalysts synthesis and elucidation of pollutants degradation mechanisms. This book is divided into two main parts namely “Synthesis of effective photocatalysts” (Part I) and “Mechanisms of the photocatalytic degradation of various pollutants” (Part II). The first part focuses on the exploration of various strategies to synthesize sustainable and effective photocatalysts. The second part of the book provides an insights into the photocatalytic degradation mechanisms and pathways under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation, as well as the challenges faced by this technology and its future prospects.

Visible Light Active Structured Photocatalysts for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants

Author : Olga Sacco
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128183357
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Visible Light Active Structured Photocatalysts for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants by : Olga Sacco

Download or read book Visible Light Active Structured Photocatalysts for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants written by Olga Sacco and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visible Light Active Structured Photocatalysts for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants: Science and Engineering addresses the potential role of visible active photocatalytic processes for the removal of emerging contaminants. The book discusses the classification, sources and potential risks of emerging pollutants in water as well as the different synthesis methods of visible active structured photocatalysts with relation to their applications in photocatalytic processes for the removal of organic and inorganic emerging contaminants. Finally, the possible reaction pathways occurring during the visible or solar photocatalytic processes together with toxicity assessment are discussed. The book is a useful guide for academics, researchers and technicians in chemical engineering, chemistry and environmental sciences. Defines emerging contaminants and what can be included in that group of contaminants commonly named "contaminants of emerging concern" Presents different synthesis methods of visible active structured photocatalysts and their applications in solar or visible light photocatalytic systems for the removal of organic and inorganic emerging contaminants Analyzes reaction pathways that occur during the visible or solar photocatalytic processes, also including toxicity assessments

Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes

Author : Susana Rodriguez-Couto
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323900119
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes by : Susana Rodriguez-Couto

Download or read book Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes written by Susana Rodriguez-Couto and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-11 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater through Bio-nanotechnology showcases profiles of the nonregulated contaminants termed as “emerging contaminants, which comprise industrial and household persistent toxic chemicals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, surfactants and surfactant residues, plasticizers and industrial additives, manufactured nanomaterials and nanoparticles, microplastics, etc. that are used extensively in everyday life. The occurrence of “emerging contaminants in wastewater, and their behavior during wastewater treatment and production of drinking water are key issues in the reuse and recycling of water resources. This book focuses on the exploitation of Nano-biotechnology inclusive of the state-of-the-art remediate strategies to degrade/detoxify/stabilize toxic and hazardous contaminants and restore contaminated sites, which is not as comprehensively discussed in the existing titles on similar topics available in the global market. In addition, it discusses the potential environmental and health hazards and ecotoxicity associated with the widespread distribution of emerging contaminants in the water bodies. It also considers the life cycle assessment (LCA) of emerging (micro)-pollutants with suitable case studies from various industrial sources. Provides natural and ecofriendly solutions to deal with the problem of pollution Details underlying mechanisms of nanotechnology-associated microbes for the removal of emerging contaminants Describes numerous successful field studies on the application of bio-nanotechnology for eco-restoration of contaminated sites Presents recent advances and challenges in bio-nanotechnology research and applications for sustainable development Provides authoritative contributions on the diverse aspects of bio-nanotechnology by world’s leading experts

Immobilized Titanium Dioxide for Emerging Contaminant Removal in Wastewater

Author : Yasmine Kamal Abdel-Maksoud Abdel-Salam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Immobilized Titanium Dioxide for Emerging Contaminant Removal in Wastewater by : Yasmine Kamal Abdel-Maksoud Abdel-Salam

Download or read book Immobilized Titanium Dioxide for Emerging Contaminant Removal in Wastewater written by Yasmine Kamal Abdel-Maksoud Abdel-Salam and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: There have been rising concerns about emerging contaminants that are not efficiently removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants. TiO2 photocatalysis is one of the promising routes for sustainable wastewater treatment. Research on the use of TiO2 photocatalysis for water/wastewater treatment for the removal of persistent non-biodegradable emerging water pollutant is active worldwide. Since the mid-1970s the viability of photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in water using TiO2 was demonstrated. More than 1,000 substances have been degraded using TiO2. Despite the extensive research on photocatalytic oxidation using TiO2, pilot and demonstration plants through the last four decades are still countable. Widespread use of photocatalytic treatment of water and wastewater require the development of an innovative photocatalytic reactor that is efficient, reliable, simple to construct, easy to maintain, has low energy consumption, low capital and operating cost and provides easy separation of catalyst after treatment ends. In an attempt to develop this desired photo-reactor, three photo-reactors were designed and constructed: the slurry water-bell photo-reactor, the immobilized water-bell photo-reactor and the immobilized tray photo-reactor. The slurry water-bell photo-reactor is based on generating a thin water film to allow for solar light penetration for photo-catalyst activation and continuous oxygenation. Recirculating the reaction solution at a high flow rate ensures good mixing and avoids dead zones in the photo-reactor. the reactor performance for degradation of phenol, as a model compound, was evaluated using commercial TiO2. Factors affecting the degradation efficiency were studied including catalyst loading, light intensity, initial pollutant concentration, oxidant addition and exposure time. Dissolved oxygen levels, temperature and pH were monitored through all the conducted tests. The performance of the slurry water-bell was compared with other photo-reactors using two benchmarks: the degradation rate constant and the reactor throughput. The reactor throughput is a function of the treated volume, treatment duration and reactor area footprint, thus it is as a versatile indicator for comparison between reactors of different types and geometries as well as selection of reactor configurations suitable for scale-up and commercialization. TiO2 was immobilized on sand grains for use as dispersed photo-catalyst in the water-bell reactor. Immobilization of TiO2 was conducted by two methods; direct immobilization using sol-gel synthesis and binding with epoxy coating. Photo-catalyst abrasion was encountered. The strong mixing conditions and flow through the recirculating pump resulted in high abrasion of the photo-catalyst off the sand surface. The tray photo-reactor was developed to avoid the high friction of the photo-catalyst particles in the recirculating pump while maintain fulfilling all the other photocatalytic process requirements of light penetration, continuous oxygen supply, and turbulent flow. The immobilized tray photocatalytic reactor uses a fixed-bed of TiO2 supported on sand grains. The reactor maintains a thin water film over the supported TiO2 catalytic bed. TiO2 was immobilized on the sand grains using 3 different immobilization approaches: 1) direct immobilization using the sol gel technique, 2) coating with TiO2/cement grout; and (3) binding with TiO2-epoxy coating. Reactor performance for the degradation of phenol as a model compound was evaluated for the three photo-catalysts. Immobilization of TiO2 on sand particles using epoxy was successful in achieving the highest phenol degradation and resistance to abrasion. The water turbidity remained unchanged indicating photo-catalyst resistance to abrasion even after multiple use of the catalytic bed. Successful operation of the tray photo-reactor in the continuous mode was also achieved. The performance of the immobilized tray photo-reactor was compared with other photo-reactors using three benchmarks: the initial degradation rate, the reactor throughput and turbidity. The immobilized tray photo-reactor is suitable for scale-up and commercialization due to five distinctive features which are: modular design; integrated storage; passive oxygenation; absence of need for UV transmitting components that are susceptible to breakage and optical losses, and simple and cheap components.

Environmentally Benign Photocatalysts

Author : Masakazu Anpo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387484418
Total Pages : 740 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (874 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmentally Benign Photocatalysts by : Masakazu Anpo

Download or read book Environmentally Benign Photocatalysts written by Masakazu Anpo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-11 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, mankind has observed an unprecedented and remarkable growth in industry, resulting in a more prosperous lifestyle for peoples of many countries. In developing countries, however, explosive industrial growth is just now beginning to raise the living standards of the people. Most industries, especially in these developing countries, are still powered by the burning of fossil fuels; con- quently, a lack of clean energy resources has caused environmental pollution on an unprecedented large and global scale. Toxic wastes have been relentlessly released into the air and water leading to serious and devastating environmental and health problems while endangering the planet and life itself with the effects of global warming. To address these urgent environmental issues, new catalytic and photocatalytic processes as well as open-atmospheric systems are presently being developed that can operate at room temperature while being totally clean and ef?cient and thus environmentally harmonious. Essential to technologies harnessing the abundant solar energy that reaches the earth are the highly functional photocatalytic proce- es that can utilize not only UV light, but also visible light.

Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Author : Mohamed A. Barakat
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319242717
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by : Mohamed A. Barakat

Download or read book Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles written by Mohamed A. Barakat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this brief, a comprehensive review of the UV/visible-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation process is presented with an insight into the mechanisms involved, the role of titanium dioxide as a catalyst, irradiation sources, types of reactors, and a comparison between various modes of TiO2 application. An overview of the development and enhancement of the activity of TiO2 nanoparticles in photocatalysis is presented. The topics covered include a detailed look at the unique properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles and their relationship to photocatalytic properties. The utilization of the TiO2 nanoparticles as photocatalysts, in the non-doped and doped forms is also reviewed. Finally, the use of modified TiO2 nanoparticles has made a significant contribution in providing definitive mechanistic information regarding the visible light photocatalytic processes.

Heterogeneous Photocatalysis

Author : Mario J. Muñoz-Batista
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030494926
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Photocatalysis by : Mario J. Muñoz-Batista

Download or read book Heterogeneous Photocatalysis written by Mario J. Muñoz-Batista and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. The chapter "Mechanochemical Forces as a Synthetic Tool for Zero and One-Dimensional Titanium Oxide-Based Nano-photocatalysts" is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 License via link.springer.com.

TiO2 Photocatalysis

Author : Akira Fujishima
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9784939051036
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis TiO2 Photocatalysis by : Akira Fujishima

Download or read book TiO2 Photocatalysis written by Akira Fujishima and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

TiO2 Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

Author : Dessy Ariyanti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis TiO2 Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants by : Dessy Ariyanti

Download or read book TiO2 Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants written by Dessy Ariyanti and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater consists of various colloidal particulates, pathogenic microorganisms, and organic pollutants. The discharge of untreated wastewater with a large quantity of organic pollutants does not only lead to the eutrophication and human health risks, but also contributes significantly to Green House Gas (GHG) emissions in the form of nitrous oxide and methane. To date, the most feasible technology in the research of organic wastewater treatment is photocatalysis using semiconductor metal oxide TiO2. By the illumination of UV light, TiO2 generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) which can further assist the decomposition and mineralization of organic compound. Although the superiority of TiO2 among photoactive materials has been established, there are still some space related to its performance and efficiency that can be improved further such as the process optimization, morphology modification and improvement of their optical properties. In this thesis, the research mainly focuses on the application of TiO2 for organic degradation and the development of TiO2 photocatalyst, which include: (1) investigation on TiO2 photocatalysis for mixed dyes degradation in a photo-reactor (PR) and in a submerged membrane photo reactor (SMPR) and (2) investigation on the morphology modification by employing alkaline hydrothermal process and surface modification through chemical reduction to the improvements of material properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The results of the study on TiO2 photocatalysis for dyes degradation in a binary system indicate that in the binary or even more complex systems, except for the degradation kinetics, the mechanism, and pathway follow those of in a single system. The reactions will eventually end up with total mineralization of organic dyes, showing the effectiveness of TiO2 photocatalysis. As the effectiveness of TiO2 photocatalysis for dyes degradation has been proven, further improvement in the TiO2 catalyst recovery obviously added more value to the process technically and economically. This is developed by integrating the photo-reactor with membrane filtration system (SMPR) for simultaneous dyes degradation and TiO2 catalyst recovery. Compared to the conventional photo-reactor, SMPR offer additional hydrodynamic force in the solution by its catalyst recovery activity that can improve photocatalytic activity up to 20%. In addition, by applying low flux (66 L/m2h), low concentration of catalyst (0.5 g/L), and aeration (1.3 L/min) can give an optimum photocatalytic performance as well as optimum membrane filtration performance. On the development of TiO2 catalyst, morphology modification via hydrothermal methods with operating condition 180oC for 20 h followed by annealing at 500oC has successfully produced TiO2 nanoribbon with dimensions 200-300 nm in width and several microns in length and possessed relatively high surface area and pore volume that improve the photocatalytic activity. This nanostructured can be used to develop multifunction membrane material for effective photocatalysis. Another important work in the TiO2 photocatalyst development is that the surface modification have been successfully introduced to pristine TiO2 via NaBH4 treatment and its concentration can be controlled by appliying different temperatures. The modified TiO2 (X300-450) has a good visible light absorption. Additionally, for the black TiO2 treated via NaBH4 reduction in 400 and 450oC, it shows low charge recombination compared to the pristine TiO2. Furthermore, in the application for dye degradation, it was found that those properties are not linear to the photocatalytic activity, as it has mainly bulk defects, which play the role of swallow traps for the electron and hole recombination, thus reducing the amount of charge migrated to the surface for photocatalytic reaction.

Heterogeneous Photocatalysis

Author : M. Schiavello
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Photocatalysis by : M. Schiavello

Download or read book Heterogeneous Photocatalysis written by M. Schiavello and published by . This book was released on 1997-10-09 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalysis is a reaction which is accelerated by light while a heterogeneous reaction consists of two phases ( a solid and a liquid for example). Heterogeneous Photocatalysis is a fast developing science which to date has not been fully detailed in a monograph. This title discusses the basic principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis and describes the bulk and surface properties of semiconductors. Applications of various types of photoreactions are described and the problems related to the modeling and design of photoreactors are covered.

Photocatalysis

Author : Rakshit Ameta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315355132
Total Pages : 595 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Photocatalysis by : Rakshit Ameta

Download or read book Photocatalysis written by Rakshit Ameta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalysis, reactions carried out in the presence of a semiconductor and light, is rapidly becoming one of the most active areas of chemical research, with applications in areas such as electrochemistry, medicine, and environmental chemistry, Photocatalysis: Principles and Applications stresses the development of various types of photocatalytic semiconductors, including binary, ternary, quaternary, and composite, and their modifications by metallization, sensitization, and doping to enhance their photocatalytic activities. In addition to describing the principles and mechanisms of photocatalysis, it also discusses other possible applications of photocatalysis such as use as antifouling agents, controlling air pollution by degrading contaminants present in the environment, self-cleaning of glasses and tiles in the presence of light/artificial light, green composites, wastewater treatment, hydrogen generation, and inactivation of microorganisms. The book also describes medical applications and summarizes efforts in the field of photosplitting of water as a newer energy source and photoreduction of carbon dioxide for providing synthetic fuels and also a step towards mimicking photosynthesis. Introduces the basic principle of photocatalysis. Provides an overview of the types of semiconductors, their immobilization, and modifications to make them more active. Gives possible applications of photocatalysis in wastewater treatment and strategy to combat against different kinds of pollutions like water, air, and soil. Summarizes efforts in the field of photosplitting of water as a newer energy source and photoreduction of carbon dioxide for providing synthetic fuels and as a step towards mimicking photosynthesis. Discusses inactivation of different kinds of microorganisms. Covers medical applications. Features Introduces the basic principle of photocatalysis. Provides an overview of the types of semiconductors, their immobilization, and modifications to make them more active. Gives possible applications of photocatalysis in wastewater treatment and strategy to combat against different kinds of pollutions like water, air, and soil. Summarizes efforts in the field of photosplitting of water as a newer energy source and photoreduction of carbon dioxide for providing synthetic fuels and as a step towards mimicking photosynthesis. Discusses inactivation of different kinds of microorganisms. Covers medical applications.

Development of a Novel TiO2-polymeric Photocatalyst for Water Purification Both Under UV and Solar Illuminations

Author : Debjani Mukherjee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of a Novel TiO2-polymeric Photocatalyst for Water Purification Both Under UV and Solar Illuminations by : Debjani Mukherjee

Download or read book Development of a Novel TiO2-polymeric Photocatalyst for Water Purification Both Under UV and Solar Illuminations written by Debjani Mukherjee and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprising about 70% of the Earth's surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource. According to the W.H.O, around 3.5 million people are dying every year from different water related diseases. Different kinds of dyes and pharmaceutical products have been detected in drinking water, all over the world. These organic compounds being non removable by traditional water purification processes, made advanced oxidation processes come into existence. Among all kind of advanced oxidation processes, photocatalytic oxidation is the most promising one. The photocatalytic process is based on aqueous phase hydroxyl radical chemistry and couples low energy UV light with semiconductors acting as photocatalyst. The slurry form of TiO2 though being efficient has several disadvantages (particularly, post treatment expensive separation steps) which brings the immobilization of the catalysts on surfaces into existence. In this study, a TiO2-polymeric film photocatalyst was synthesized by reaction of gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. TiO2 Degussa P25 powder was embedded into the polymeric matrix. The characterization of the film by OM, SEM, FTIR, revealed the topography of the catalyst films. Optimization of photocatalysts functionality was carried out by varying the cross linking methods and conducting several photodegradation reactions both under UV and solar light. Aspirin and methyl orange were chosen as model compounds, as traces of these compounds were detected in the drinking water of South-Western Ontario. The freeze-dried film photocatalyst was observed to degrade organic compounds efficiently, under both UV and solar illuminations. Degradation of high concentrated organic pollutants, was observed to follow Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics while at low concentration, first-order kinetics was observed. The effects of initial concentration, flow rate, pH, light intensity, photocatalyst loading, and thickness of the film on the degradation rates were studied. Mechanism of degradation of aspirin was studied from LC/MS analysis. The TOC analysis was carried out to analyse the organic carbon content of the intermediates formed during the course of degradation. Finally, photocatalytic degradation reaction was carried out in a continuous flow reactor under LED lights. film photocatalyst holds the potential of being an efficient and economical form of future photocatalyst for water purification.

Photocatalysts

Author : Sher Bahadar Khan
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 178985475X
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

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Book Synopsis Photocatalysts by : Sher Bahadar Khan

Download or read book Photocatalysts written by Sher Bahadar Khan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book enlightens the type, chemical structure, and application of photo-catalysts. It covers the recent developments in photo-catalysts and their applications, particularly in photo-catalytic degradation of different organic pollutants, hydrogen production, etc. It provides a concise but complete coverage and overview of photocatalysts and their recent advances for a broad audience: beginners, graduate students, and specialists in both academic and industrial sectors.

Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Films for Photocatalytic Treatment of Greywater

Author : Lorena Lopez Vanegas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Films for Photocatalytic Treatment of Greywater by : Lorena Lopez Vanegas

Download or read book Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Films for Photocatalytic Treatment of Greywater written by Lorena Lopez Vanegas and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the need for safe and clean water has increased globally over the years, recycling wastewater has gained great importance not only for economic reasons but to help the environment through the reduction of the contamination load by using recycled water for those final purposes that do not require drinking water quality. In this regard, greywater is seen as one of the most appropriate and promising sources of wastewater with great potential for treatment and reuse as it represents between 60% to 75% of the domestic wastewater daily volume and contains a lower concentration of organic compounds and fewer pathogens when compared to other wastewater sources (Nolde, 2000b, Friedler, 2004, Abu Ghunmi et al., 2011, Eriksson et al., 2002). This project investigated the potential of heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalytic processing for domestic greywater treatment through evaluating the TiO2 photocatalytic activity against methyl orange in the presence of a wide range of individual greywater components. The research was developed in three stages; in stage one the design of highly efficient large-scale TiO2 photocatalytic films was achieved, in stage two the full characterisation of the TiO2 films was done including the evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films towards UV photodegradation of methyl orange (probe species) and in stage three the assessment of large-scale TiO2 films for the photocatalytic treatment of individual greywater components was carried out. A TiO2 sol-gel formulation used for the synthesis of the TiO2 colloidal solution was found to be appropriate for the preparation of large-scale TiO2 films since these showed high photocatalytic response. This was the first time that this formulation was successfully used for the preparation of large-scale TiO2 films even though it has been previously used for coatings on different types of fabrics (Tung and Daoud, 2009, Tung and Daoud, 2011). For the immobilisation of this formulation, a doctor blade coating technique was found to allow for preparation of more efficient TiO2 films than a spray coating technique. Acid frosted soda-lime glass substrate allowed for deposition of continuous and uniform nanostructured anatase films with high photocatalytic activity. The photodegradation of aqueous solution of methyl orange over anatase TiO2 films exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics only during the first catalytic oxidation cycle. Deviations from first order kinetics in subsequent catalytic runs were ascribed to film activation as a result of modifications of the catalyst surface during the initial cycle. These results were the baseline for the assessment of the TiO2 photocatalytic processing for greywater treatment. A detailed study of the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films towards the UV photodegradation of methyl orange in the presence of twenty four different individual greywater components was carried out. Reactions trends were identified for the effect of the tested individual greywater components during the initial cycle of treatment and the effect of their degradation products during a second cycle. It was found that some key components present in greywater have deleterious effects on both catalyst performance and activation while others were found to assist the catalyst and enhanced its activation. However, it was only possible to develop a partial predictive model of the performance of the TiO2 films for real greywater situations because of the complexity of the competing processes involved. Overall, in this study the preparation of highly efficient anatase TiO2 photocatalytic films suitable for wastewater treatment was achieved. Reaction trends for the effects of a wide range of domestic greywater components on the TiO2 catalyst performance and re-use were identified. These findings show that there is more to investigate about the behaviour of the TiO2 catalyst towards individual greywater components before TiO2 photocatalytic processing can be fully understood and assessed for the treatment of complex wastewater streams such as greywater.

Clean by Light Irradiation

Author : Vincenzo Augugliaro
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1847558704
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (475 download)

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Book Synopsis Clean by Light Irradiation by : Vincenzo Augugliaro

Download or read book Clean by Light Irradiation written by Vincenzo Augugliaro and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with the environmentally friendly cleaning materials functionalized with TiO2, a widely known semiconductor giving rise to redox reactions under artificial or solar irradiation. The role of titanium dioxide in the worldwide community is introduced first. The fundamental working principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis follow and a critical section on the semiconductor bulk and surface properties open the way to the differences between TiO2 blend features with respect to analogous thin film layouts. Then Follows the main section of the book which deals with the techniques applied to manufactured commercial devices, ranging from glasses to textiles and from concrete and other construction materials to paintings. Also road asphalt and other devices, such as photocatalytic air conditioning machines are outlined. Last generation materials, not yet commercialized, and the deposition techniques applied to prepare them are also widely discussed. The final part of the book covers the difficult and modern topic of standardization and comparison of performance of photocatalytic processes and in particular the guidelines proposed by various worldwide organizations for standardization are discussed. The book covers the general matters as well as the practical applications with the supporting methods discussed in detail. This book brings together a team of highly experienced and well-published experts in the field, providing a comprehensive view of the applications of supported titanium dioxide.