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Development Of Design And Simulation Model And Safety Study Of Large Scale Hydrogen Production Using Nuclear Power
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Book Synopsis Development of Design and Simulation Model and Safety Study of Large-scale Hydrogen Production Using Nuclear Power by : Sal B. Rodríguez
Download or read book Development of Design and Simulation Model and Safety Study of Large-scale Hydrogen Production Using Nuclear Power written by Sal B. Rodríguez and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Design and Simulation Model and Safety Study of Large-scale Hydrogen Production Using Nuclear Power by :
Download or read book Development of Design and Simulation Model and Safety Study of Large-scale Hydrogen Production Using Nuclear Power written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before this LDRD research, no single tool could simulate a very high temperature reactor (VHTR) that is coupled to a secondary system and the sulfur iodine (SI) thermochemistry. Furthermore, the SI chemistry could only be modeled in steady state, typically via flow sheets. Additionally, the MELCOR nuclear reactor analysis code was suitable only for the modeling of light water reactors, not gas-cooled reactors. We extended MELCOR in order to address the above deficiencies. In particular, we developed three VHTR input models, added generalized, modular secondary system components, developed reactor point kinetics, included transient thermochemistry for the most important cycles [SI and the Westinghouse hybrid sulfur], and developed an interactive graphical user interface for full plant visualization. The new tool is called MELCOR-H2, and it allows users to maximize hydrogen and electrical production, as well as enhance overall plant safety. We conducted validation and verification studies on the key models, and showed that the MELCOR-H2 results typically compared to within less than 5% from experimental data, code-to-code comparisons, and/or analytical solutions.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production from Nuclear Energy by : Greg F Naterer
Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Nuclear Energy written by Greg F Naterer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the resurgence of nuclear power around the world, and the increasingly important role of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, the utilization of nuclear energy for large-scale hydrogen production will have a key role in a sustainable energy future. Co-generation of both electricity and hydrogen from nuclear plants will become increasingly attractive. It enables load leveling together with renewable energy and storage of electricity in the form of hydrogen, when electricity prices and demand are lowest at off-peak hours of nuclear plants, such as overnight. Hydrogen Production from Nuclear Energy provides an overview of the latest developments and methods of nuclear based hydrogen production, including electrolysis and thermochemical cycles. Particular focus is given to thermochemical water splitting by the copper-chlorine and sulphur-based cycles. Cycle configurations, equipment design, modeling and implementation issues are presented and discussed. The book provides the reader with an overview of the key enabling technologies towards the design and industrialization of hydrogen plants that are co-located and linked with nuclear plants in the future. The book includes illustrations of technology developments, tables that summarize key features and results, overviews of recent advances and new methods of nuclear hydrogen production. The latest results from leading authorities in the fields will be presented, including efficiencies, costs, equipment design, and modeling.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Simulation of Nuclear Hydrogen Production Systems by : Patricio Dario Ramírez Muñoz
Download or read book Dynamic Simulation of Nuclear Hydrogen Production Systems written by Patricio Dario Ramírez Muñoz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear hydrogen production processes have been proposed as a solution to rising CO 2 emissions and low fuel yields in the production of liquid transportation fuels. In these processes, the heat of a nuclear reactor is used to run the chemical reactions in a hydrogen plant. The resulting system is tightly interconnected and operates at very high temperature and pressure, which can lead to operational disruptions and accidents. For this reason, computational studies validating the safe operation of the system are required by regulatory authorities. In the past, safety studies have been conducted by using legacy codes, such as RELAP and MELCOR, and their focus has been the operation of nuclear power plants. However, traditional legacy codes are not appropriate to simulate nuclear hydrogen production. The simulation of a nuclear reactor itself is already complex because it involves simulating reactor kinetics and transport phenomena. To that complexity, nuclear hydrogen production adds the need to simulate chemical reactions in the hydrogen plant. These chemical reactions cannot be represented easily in legacy codes because these codes lack the flexibility, speed and accuracy required to simulate them. Therefore, only a limited number of studies on the safety of these systems exist. Instead of using legacy codes, this thesis proposes using equation-based simulators developed by the chemical engineering community to model and study the safety of a nuclear hydrogen production plant. Equation-based simulators were designed to be flexible, extensible and fast because they have to simulate a vast range of processes from the chemical industry. Thus, they provide a good platform for the simulation of nuclear hydrogen production systems. This thesis explains the models used for the different parts in the nuclear hydrogen production plant, and then presents the response of this plant model to different accident scenarios. The first contribution of this thesis is a novel equation-based model for the heat transfer loop connecting a nuclear reactor and a hydrogen production plant. This heat transfer loop uses helium as the heat transfer fluid, which makes simulating its behavior difficult because of the need to model gas dynamics. To resolve this, three models for gas dynamics and two set of coupling conditions for boundary variables were tested in JACOBIAN, an equation-based simulator. The three models for gas dynamics in combination with a novel approach to set coupling conditions for boundary variables were able to represent the interesting time scales accurately in transient scenarios. The accuracy and computational speed of these simulations outperformed those produced by a reference model created in RELAP, a legacy code. The second contribution is a model of a nuclear hydrogen production plant using high-temperature steam electrolysis to produce hydrogen. This model was created to study the effect of potential accidents on the nuclear reactor. It included detailed models of the nuclear reactor and heat transfer loop, and a partial model of the electrolysis plant. The nuclear reactor was modeled as a pebble bed modular reactor, which is one of the safest designs available. The reactor was connected to the hydrogen production plant using the heat transfer loop model already developed in this thesis. The hydrogen production plant was partially represented as a steam superheater in the heat transfer loop. The third contribution is the demonstration of the safety characteristics of the nuclear hydrogen production plant by subjecting the plant model to three accident scenarios. The scenarios involved disruptions in the hydrogen plant or in the heat transfer loop, and all of them-directly or indirectly-lead to a loss of heat sink capacity for the nuclear reactor. This resulted in an increase of the nuclear reactor core temperature, which was quickly moderated by the fission power reduction at the fuel pebbles and by the safe design of the nuclear reactor. As a consequence, the maximum temperature reached in the core was always less than the fuel melting point and the reactor was always in a safe condition. The heat transfer loop could suffer the rupture of a pipe in one of the scenarios, and design modifications to address this were suggested. This thesis' results partially prove that nuclear hydrogen production plants could be safe, and simultaneously, that equation-based simulators are good platforms to demonstrate the safety of these plants. Developing these models and tests further will help guarantee the safety of the plant and obtain regulatory and public approval for this new nuclear application.
Download or read book Hydrogen Safety written by Fotis Rigas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-09-20 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While hydrogen is of vital and growing importance in many industrial sectors, this volatile substance poses unique challenges, including easy leakage, low ignition energy, a wide range of combustible fuel– air mixtures, buoyancy, and its ability to embrittle metals that are required to ensure safe operation. Updated to include the latest advances in the decade since original publication, Hydrogen Safety, Second Edition highlights physiological, physical, and chemical hazards associated with hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and usage systems. Focused on providing a balanced view of hydrogen safety – one that integrates principles from physical sciences, engineering, management, and social sciences – this book is organized to address questions associated with the hazards of hydrogen and the ensuing risks associated with its industrial and public use. This book: Addresses issues of inherently safer design, safety management systems, and safety culture. Features updated case studies of significant accidents involving hydrogen, along with their detailed analysis and lessons learnt, and potential accident scenarios under certain conditions. Details current research trends and perspectives on materials- based hydrogen storage solutions, hydrogen use in vehicles, and hydrogen in construction materials. Describes Process Safety Management as applied to the process industries, in conjunction with the components of the US Department of Energy Safety Plant Elements for hydrogen safety, and covers activities of the European Commission (EC) Network of Excellence for Hydrogen Safety (HySafe). Includes updated codes for gaseous and liquefied hydrogen and the NFPA 2 Hydrogen Technologies Code. Concludes with research and legal requirements. Offering a holistic view of hydrogen safety, from properties to safety systems, this book helps readers in chemical, industrial, safety, and related engineering subjects ensure a safe application and environment.
Book Synopsis Design and Analysis of Liquid Hydrogen Technologies by : Ahmad K. Sleiti
Download or read book Design and Analysis of Liquid Hydrogen Technologies written by Ahmad K. Sleiti and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-04-12 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design and Analysis of Liquid Hydrogen Technologies: Liquefaction, Storage and Distribution offers readers a comprehensive guide to the development, analysis, design, and assessment methodologies for liquid hydrogen. From the fundamentals to the latest developments and current applications, the book provides an extensive and systematic discussion of the design, simulation, and techno-economic analysis methodologies supported by practical examples, verified codes, and innovative process designs. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the liquid hydrogen economy, followed by detailed advanced thermoeconomic, exergoeconomic, optimization, and dynamic simulation models that are essential for the assessment of the current and future LH2 technologies. The authors then identify current technological challenges and propose innovative solutions for LH2 technologies, with a focus on the liquefaction plants and storage facilities. In-depth analyses are provided of the reliability, safety, and environmental impacts of the different stages of the LH2 supply, transportation, regasification, and distribution. To improve the economic feasibility of LH2 plants, recent advanced energy-integrated systems are discussed. Potential market applications are considered, and detailed techno-economic assessments are provided. Finally, the book critically evaluates the future directions and prospective development of liquid hydrogen technologies, regulations, safety standards, and new markets for liquid hydrogen applications. Bringing together the latest information, Design and Analysis of Liquid Hydrogen Technologies: Liquefaction, Storage and Distribution provides a valuable resource for students, researchers, scientists, and engineers working in the hydrogen economy or involved in the processing, design, manufacturing, quality control, reliability, safety, systems, and testing of cryogenic refrigeration and liquid hydrogen production, storage, and transportation. Describes, in detail, the current operational and conceptual hydrogen liquefaction, storage, transportation, regasification, and distribution technologies Offers comprehensive analytical tools, decision-making tools, and practical examples for the advanced modeling and simulation of liquid hydrogen plants Provides techno-economic, reliability, safety, and environmental impact analysis of liquid hydrogen technologies, along with future prospects
Book Synopsis Nuclear Hydrogen Production Handbook by : Xing L. Yan
Download or read book Nuclear Hydrogen Production Handbook written by Xing L. Yan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 939 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by two leading researchers from the world-renowned Japan Atomic Energy Agency, the Nuclear Hydrogen Production Handbook is an unrivalled overview of current and future prospects for the effective production of hydrogen via nuclear energy. Combining information from scholarly analyses, industrial data, references, and other resources, this h
Book Synopsis Process Analysis and Aspen Plus Simulation of Nuclear-based Hydrogen Production with a Copper-chlorine Cycle by : Cletus Chukwu
Download or read book Process Analysis and Aspen Plus Simulation of Nuclear-based Hydrogen Production with a Copper-chlorine Cycle written by Cletus Chukwu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conceptual Design, Analysis and Optimization of Nuclear-based Hydrogen Production Via Copper-chlorine Thermochemical Cycles by : Mehmet Fatih Orhan
Download or read book Conceptual Design, Analysis and Optimization of Nuclear-based Hydrogen Production Via Copper-chlorine Thermochemical Cycles written by Mehmet Fatih Orhan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world faces problems with depleting energy resources and the harmful impact of present energy consumption patterns on the environment, and consequently on the global climate and humanity. The concerns regarding global climate change are serious and have resulted in extensive research and developments on alternative, clean energy sources. While many of the available natural energy resources are limited due to their reliability, quality, quantity and density; nuclear energy has the potential to contribute a significant share of large scale energy supply without or little contributing to climate change. Hydrogen production via thermochemical water decomposition is one of the key potential processes for direct utilization of nuclear thermal energy. Thermochemical water splitting with a copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle is a promising process that could be linked with nuclear reactors to decompose water into its constituents, oxygen and hydrogen as a net result, through intermediate copper and chlorine compounds with a net input of water and heat. The process involves a series of closed-loop chemical reactions that does not contribute to any greenhouse gas emissions into the environment. Although some preliminary technical studies of the Cu-Cl cycle have been reported and some small lab scale experiments of individual reactions in the cycle have been carried out, there is still a need to link all the sub-steps of the cycle and build a pilot plant, to facilitate eventual commercialization. Such an experimental set up of overall cycle is lacking, especially to evaluate characteristics of the complete cycle such as energy, exergy and cost effectiveness. Simulation packages, such as Aspen Plus, are useful tools to provide the system designer or operator with design, optimization and operation information before building a pilot plant. In this thesis, process analysis is performed and simulation models are developed using the Aspen Plus simulation package, based on experimental work carried out at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) and other sources. The energy and mass balances, stream flows and properties, the heat exchanger duties and shaft work are calculated. Heat recovery options are assessed to improve thermal management and hence overall efficiency of the Cu-Cl cycle. An integrated heat exchange network is designed to use heat from the process streams efficiently and decrease the external heat demand. The efficiency of the process, based on three, four and five-step cycles, is examined in this thesis. The thermal efficiency of the five-step thermochemical process is calculated as 44%, of the four-step process is 43% and of the three-step process is 41%, based on the lower heating value of hydrogen. Sensitivity analyses are performed to study the effects of various operating parameters on the efficiency, yield, and cost. A parametric study is conducted, and possible efficiency improvements are discussed. The manner is investigated in which exergy-related parameters can be used to minimize the cost of a Cu-Cl thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production. The iterative optimization technique presented requires a minimum of available data and provides effective assistance in optimizing thermal systems, particularly in dealing with complex systems and/or cases where conventional optimization techniques cannot be applied. The principles of thermoeconomics, as embodied in the specific exergy cost (SPECO) and exergy-cost-energy-mass (EXCEM) methods, are used here to determine changes in the design parameters of the cycle that improve the cost effectiveness of the overall system. It is found that the cost rate of exergy destruction varies between $1 and $15 per kilogram of hydrogen produced; and the exergoeconomic factor between 0.5 and 0.02 as the cost of hydrogen rises from $2.8 to $20 per kg of hydrogen produced. The hydrogen cost is inversely related to the exergoeconomic factor, plant capacity and energy/exergy efficiencies. Based on the cycle's design parameters and conditions the hydrogen production cost is calculated as $3.8/kg hydrogen. Also, an integrated Cu-Cl cycle hydrogen production system, based on nuclear and renewable energy sources, is investigated. Nuclear and renewable energy sources are reviewed to determine the most appropriate option to couple with the Cu-Cl cycle. An environmental impact assessment is conducted and compared to the conventional methods using fossil fuels and other options. Some cost assessment studies of hydrogen production are presented for this integrated system. The results show that hydrogen production cost could drop down to as low as 2.8 $/kg. The results are expected to assist ongoing efforts to increase the economic viability of the Cu-Cl cycle, and to reduce product costs of potential commercial versions of this process.
Book Synopsis Process Analysis and Aspen Plus Simulation of Nuclear-based Hydrogen Production with a Copper-chlorine Cycle by :
Download or read book Process Analysis and Aspen Plus Simulation of Nuclear-based Hydrogen Production with a Copper-chlorine Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermochemical processes for hydrogen production driven by nuclear energy are promising alternatives to existing technologies for large-scale commercial production of hydrogen, without dependence on fossil fuels. In the Copper-Chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle, water is decomposed in a sequence of intermediate processes with a net input of water and heat, while hydrogen and oxygen gases are generated as the products. The Super Critical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR) has been identified as a promising source of heat for these processes. In this thesis, the process analysis and simulation models are developed using the Aspen PlusTM chemical process simulation package, based on experimental work conducted at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL). A successful simulation is performed with an Electrolyte Non Random Two Liquid (ElecNRTL) model of Aspen Plus. The efficiency of the cycle based on three and four step process routes is examined in this thesis. The thermal efficiency of the four step thermochemical process is calculated as 45%, while the three step hybrid thermochemical cycle is 42%, based on the lower heating value (LHV) of hydrogen. Sensitivity analyses are performed to study the effects of various operating parameters on the efficiency, yield, and thermodynamic properties. Possible efficiency improvements are discussed. The results will assist the development of a lab-scale cycle which is currently being conducted at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), in collaboration with its partners.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen and Fuel Cells by : International Energy Agency
Download or read book Hydrogen and Fuel Cells written by International Energy Agency and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2004 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen and fuel cells are vital technologies to ensure a secure and CO2-free energy future. Their development will take decades of extensive public and private effort to achieve technology breakthroughs and commercial maturity. Government research programs are indispensable for catalyzing the development process. This report maps the IEA countries' current efforts to research, develop and deploy the interlocking elements that constitute a "hydrogen economy", including CO2 capture and storage when hydrogen is produced out of fossil fuels. It provides an overview of what is being done, and by whom, covering an extensive complexity of national government R & D programs. The survey highlights the potential for exploiting the benefits of the international cooperation. This book draws primarily upon information contributed by IEA governments. In virtually all the IEA countries, important R & D and policy efforts on hydrogen and fuel cells are in place and expanding. Some are fully-integrated, government-funded programs, some are a key element in an overall strategy spread among multiple public and private efforts. The large amount of information provided in this publication reflects the vast array of technologies and logistics required to build the "hydrogen economy."--Publisher description.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling Efforts for System Interface Studies for Nuclear Hydrogen Production by :
Download or read book Dynamic Modeling Efforts for System Interface Studies for Nuclear Hydrogen Production written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: System interface studies require not only identifying economically optimal equipment configurations, which involves studying mainly full power steady-state operation, but also assessing the operability of a design during load change and startup and assessing safety-related behavior during upset conditions. This latter task is performed with a dynamic simulation code. This report reviews the requirements of such a code. It considers the types of transients that will need to be simulated, the phenomena that will be present, the models best suited for representing the phenomena, and the type of numerical solution scheme for solving the models to obtain the dynamic response of the combined nuclear-hydrogen plant. Useful insight into plant transient behavior prior to running a dynamics code is obtained by some simple methods that take into account component time constants and energy capacitances. Methods for determining reactor stability, plant startup time, and temperature response during load change, and tripping of the reactor are described. Some preliminary results are presented.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-02 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production Technologies by : Mehmet Sankir
Download or read book Hydrogen Production Technologies written by Mehmet Sankir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive practical review of the new technologies used to obtain hydrogen more efficiently via catalytic, electrochemical, bio- and photohydrogen production. Hydrogen has been gaining more attention in both transportation and stationary power applications. Fuel cell-powered cars are on the roads and the automotive industry is demanding feasible and efficient technologies to produce hydrogen. The principles and methods described herein lead to reasonable mitigation of the great majority of problems associated with hydrogen production technologies. The chapters in this book are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields, and readers will have a chance to compare the fundamental production techniques and learn about the pros and cons of these technologies. The book is organized into three parts. Part I shows the catalytic and electrochemical principles involved in hydrogen production technologies. Part II addresses hydrogen production from electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) by decomposing organic compound into hydrogen in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The final part of the book is concerned with photohydrogen generation. Recent developments in the area of semiconductor-based nanomaterials, specifically semiconductor oxides, nitrides and metal free semiconductor-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production are extensively discussed.
Book Synopsis Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States by : United States. Congress. House
Download or read book Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States written by United States. Congress. House and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 2112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some vols. include supplemental journals of "such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House".
Book Synopsis Analysis of Reference Design for Nuclear-Assisted Hydrogen Production at 750°C Reactor Outlet Temperature by :
Download or read book Analysis of Reference Design for Nuclear-Assisted Hydrogen Production at 750°C Reactor Outlet Temperature written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) for the efficient production of hydrogen without the greenhouse gas emissions associated with conventional fossil-fuel hydrogen production techniques has been under investigation at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INL) for the last several years. The activities at the INL have included the development, testing and analysis of large numbers of solid oxide electrolysis cells, and the analyses of potential plant designs for large scale production of hydrogen using a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) to provide the process heat and electricity to drive the electrolysis process. The results of this research led to the selection in 2009 of HTE as the preferred concept in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) hydrogen technology down-selection process. However, the down-selection process, along with continued technical assessments at the INL, has resulted in a number of proposed modifications and refinements to improve the original INL reference HTE design. These modifications include changes in plant configuration, operating conditions and individual component designs. This report describes the resulting new INL reference design coupled to two alternative HTGR power conversion systems, a Steam Rankine Cycle and a Combined Cycle (a Helium Brayton Cycle with a Steam Rankine Bottoming Cycle). Results of system analyses performed to optimize the design and to determine required plant performance and operating conditions when coupled to the two different power cycles are also presented. A 600 MWt high temperature gas reactor coupled with a Rankine steam power cycle at a thermal efficiency of 44.4% can produce 1.85 kg/s of hydrogen and 14.6 kg/s of oxygen. The same capacity reactor coupled with a combined cycle at a thermal efficiency of 42.5% can produce 1.78 kg/s of hydrogen and 14.0 kg/s of oxygen.
Download or read book Nuclear Production of Hydrogen written by and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable energy source for the 21st century, but as natural sources of pure hydrogen are extremely limited, it is necessary to develop technologies to produce large quantities of hydrogen economically. The current dominant technology for producing hydrogen is based on reforming fossil fuels, a process which releases greenhouse gases, but hydrogen produced by water cracking, using heat and surplus electricity from nuclear power plants, requires no fossil fuels and results in lower greenhouse gas emissions. This publication contains the proceedings of the expert meeting, held in Japan in October 2005, including papers on: the status of nuclear hydrogen research and development; integrated production systems; technologies and design concepts; basic and applied science in support of nuclear hydrogen production.
