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Development Of Clean Catalyst For Alkylation Of Isobutane With 2 Butene
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Book Synopsis Development of Clean Catalyst for Alkylation of Isobutane with 2-butene by :
Download or read book Development of Clean Catalyst for Alkylation of Isobutane with 2-butene written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The alkylation of isobutane with light olefins is a reaction of considerable interest and plays an important role in the petroleum industry, since it produces branched C 8 paraffins that inherently possess higher octane number. However, current processes with HF and H 2 SO 4 have been limited due to their toxic nature. For this reason, the replacement of these catalysts with clean catalyst is favorable. One of clean catalysts, ZSM-12 zeolite was prepared using TEA + as organic template. Among the various parameters that affect the crystallization of ZSM-12, aluminum content of the gel, OH-/SiO 2 and TEA + /SiO 2 ratios were the important determinants. Aluminum rich ZSM-12 with Si/Al ratio of 30 was successfully synthesized. Alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene was carried out over large pore zeolites with various pore structures. Under identical reaction conditions, Beta and ZSM-12 were shown to outperform other zeolites. This higher stability is believed to be a result of their specific pore architecture. For the selectivity toward the individual TMP and DMH compounds, pore architecture also plays a significant role in determining these selectivities. The influence of Si/Al ratios has been studied using directly synthesized beta zeolites. The zeolites prepared possess comparable structural properties but differ in acid site density. In contrast to the common belief that a higher aluminum content zeolite is more stable, optimum Si/Al ratios of beta was observed. This unpredicted result could be attributed to the existence of an optimal level of acidity, which minimizes the formation of coking materials. The deactivation pathway of one-dimensional zeolites, namely LTL and ZSM-12, has been investigated. During the reaction, both zeolites displayed different product distribution with loss of catalytic activity. The results supported the fact that LTL deactivated mainly by pore blockage but ZSM-12 deactivated due to site coverage. A study of the alkylation in ionic liquid has been conducted using in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halides-aluminum chloride encompassing various alkyl-group (butyl-, hexyl- and octyl- ) and halides (Cl, Br and I) on its cation and anion, respectively. Among the ionic liquids, [C 8 mim]Br-AlCl 3 showed outstanding catalytic performance, due to the higher inherent acidity and solubility relative to others.
Book Synopsis Investigations on Alkylation of Isobutane with 2-butene Using Highly Acidic Ionic Liquids as Catalysts by : Thi Le Thuy Bui
Download or read book Investigations on Alkylation of Isobutane with 2-butene Using Highly Acidic Ionic Liquids as Catalysts written by Thi Le Thuy Bui and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alkylation of 2-methyl-2-butene Concentrate and Isobutane with Sulfuric Acid Catalyst by : Gary Earl Foltz
Download or read book Alkylation of 2-methyl-2-butene Concentrate and Isobutane with Sulfuric Acid Catalyst written by Gary Earl Foltz and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solid Superacids written by Kazushi Arata and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An acid that is stronger than the acid strength of 100% sulphuric acid is known as a superacid. Environmental concerns about the use of toxic liquid superacids and liquid inorganic acids in the transformation of hydrocarbons provide an impetus for a search of stable and more environmentally friendly solid acid catalysts. This book examines an important opportunity related to green chemistry where solid superacids lead to new gas- and liquid-solid phase reactions, which are environmentally benign processes in the chemical industry.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Petroleum Processing by : Steven A. Treese
Download or read book Handbook of Petroleum Processing written by Steven A. Treese and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Kinetic Study of the Alkylation of Isobutane with Butene-2 by : William Harold Calkins
Download or read book A Kinetic Study of the Alkylation of Isobutane with Butene-2 written by William Harold Calkins and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Alkylation of Isobutane with Butene-2 in the Presence of Sulfuric Acid by : Eva Herzberg
Download or read book The Alkylation of Isobutane with Butene-2 in the Presence of Sulfuric Acid written by Eva Herzberg and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of the Liquid Phase Alkylation of Isobutane with Butene-2 Using Ion-exchange Resin as Catalyst by : David Kennedy Hirst
Download or read book A Study of the Liquid Phase Alkylation of Isobutane with Butene-2 Using Ion-exchange Resin as Catalyst written by David Kennedy Hirst and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alkylation of 2-butene by Isobutane by : Robert Warren Van Scoy
Download or read book Alkylation of 2-butene by Isobutane written by Robert Warren Van Scoy and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deactivation Routes in Zeolite Catalyzed Isobutane/2-Butene Alkylation and Regeneration Procedures by :
Download or read book Deactivation Routes in Zeolite Catalyzed Isobutane/2-Butene Alkylation and Regeneration Procedures written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this thesis was to understand the routes of deactivation of iso-butane / 2-butene alkylation on faujasitic zeolites and to correlate the alkylation performance with the physicochemical properties of the zeolite used. It was also under the scope of this thesis, to propose a reaction/regeneration mechanism that ensures a successful and continuous operation. It could be shown that the avoidance of structural damage occurring during the modification procedure is the key factor for suitable alkylation catalyst. A successful catalyst for alkylation has to posses a high concentration of strong Brønsted acid sites and a low concentration of Lewis acid sites. It could be shown that during the alkylation reaction a high quality alkylate was produced that was practically free of unsaturated compounds and aromatics, even at times close to deactivation. It could be shown that the accumulated deposits in the pores of the catalyst were mainly formed by highly branched paraffinic compounds following a (CH2)3 series and with molecular weights from 128 g/mol to 548 g/mol. The deposits formed inside the pores of the catalyst were a result of propene oligomerization. Superior catalysts showed lower masses in the deposits with a maximum at C12-C15 while inferior catalysts showed a maximum at C24-C27. Low amounts of olefins and aromatics were also found in the deposits. Small amounts of C12H26 and C16H34 from multiple alkylation were also detected in the deposits. Cyclic compounds and aromatics were formed on the surface of the catalyst as observed by MALDI-TOF. These types of compounds were not detected when the zeolite was dissolved in HF and the coke molecules extracted with methylene chloride. Therefore, their concentration was low within the total concentration of deposits. These types of molecules were responsible for pore mouth plugging on the surface of the catalyst. The size of the molecules detected by MALDI- TOF increased with time-on-stream for all catalyst. They w.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reaction Mechanism and Deactivation Pathways in Zeolite Catalyzed Isobutane/2-Butene Alkylation by :
Download or read book Reaction Mechanism and Deactivation Pathways in Zeolite Catalyzed Isobutane/2-Butene Alkylation written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, the isobutane/2-butene alkylation was studied on lanthanum-exchanged zeolite X in a CSTR-type slurry reactor. Catalysts with a high concentration of strong Brønsted acid sites and a high Brønsted to Lewis acid site ratio exhibited higher active catalytic lifetimes than samples with lower ratios. Isobutane self-alkylation activity was also increasing with increasing Brønsted/Lewis ratio. The integral productivity of the catalysts was found to be independent of the butene space velocity. The catalysts deactivated by the buildup of highly unsaturated polymers, which strongly adsorbed on the acid sites and blocked them for further reactions. With increasing reaction temperature, the deposits were increasingly aromatic.
Book Synopsis Alkylation of Isobutane with Light Olefins Using Mesoporous Superacidic Catalysts by : Philip Kletnieks
Download or read book Alkylation of Isobutane with Light Olefins Using Mesoporous Superacidic Catalysts written by Philip Kletnieks and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alkylation of Isobutane with 1-butene Over Zeolite Catalysts-kinetic Modeling by : Gregorio R. Alvarez Contreras
Download or read book Alkylation of Isobutane with 1-butene Over Zeolite Catalysts-kinetic Modeling written by Gregorio R. Alvarez Contreras and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alkylation of Isobutane with N-butene Over Solid Catalysts by : Chin-Huang Liang
Download or read book Alkylation of Isobutane with N-butene Over Solid Catalysts written by Chin-Huang Liang and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods and Reagents for Green Chemistry by : Alvise Perosa
Download or read book Methods and Reagents for Green Chemistry written by Alvise Perosa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-05-25 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to stimulate and promote the wide-ranging aspects of green chemistry and its major role in ensuring sustainable development. The book covers the following areas: green chemistry; green reagents and atom economy; safeguarding the atmosphere; industrial green catalysis; alternative reaction conditions; biocatalysis and green chemistry. This book is based on the third edition of the Collection of Lectures of the Summer Schools on Green Chemistry held in Venice, Italy in the summers of 1998-2003 (sponsored by the European Commission, TMR and Improving Programmes and carried out by the Consortzio Interuniversitario La Chemica per l'Ambiente).
Book Synopsis Supercritical Alkylation of Isobutane with 1-butene Using Solid Acid Catalysts by : Iain Hunter Stewart
Download or read book Supercritical Alkylation of Isobutane with 1-butene Using Solid Acid Catalysts written by Iain Hunter Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
