Development of Biomolecular Tools for Studying Host-Virus Interactions of the Hepatitis C Virus

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Biomolecular Tools for Studying Host-Virus Interactions of the Hepatitis C Virus by : Neda Nasheri Ardekan

Download or read book Development of Biomolecular Tools for Studying Host-Virus Interactions of the Hepatitis C Virus written by Neda Nasheri Ardekan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Development of Tools to Study how Virus-host Cell Interactions Influence Infection Spread

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (971 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Tools to Study how Virus-host Cell Interactions Influence Infection Spread by : Bahar Inankur

Download or read book Development of Tools to Study how Virus-host Cell Interactions Influence Infection Spread written by Bahar Inankur and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viruses cause a variety of human diseases including AIDS, the common cold, hepatitis, and cancer. During a virus infection, the various processes and interactions of the virus, host, and environment form a complex and dynamic system with a heterogeneous range of outcomes. While there has been a strong focus on investigation of molecular mechanisms of virus-host cell interactions within a single-infection cycle and clinical studies that entail multiple infection cycles, relatively less has been done to link how the interactions within a single-infection cycle are reflected over multiple rounds of infection. In this context, the work in this thesis focuses on the development of experimental and computational quantitative tools to study the factors that influence infection spread from cell to cell in vitro. The potential of an infection to spread is determined mainly by the ability of the infecting virus to effectively enter the host cell, replicate efficiently, and evade or suppress any host restrictions. Conversely, host cell inhibition of the infection relies on the ability to detect the invading virus, mount a response that typically includes the activation of genes that have either direct antiviral roles or signal to warn other cells of the infection, and avoid the suppressive activity of the virus that seeks to limit these responses. In order to investigate this dynamic interaction between virus and host, we used vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a well characterized model virus. We first designed microfluidic channels to study virus spread under stagnant fluid environments. In parallel, to quantify the effects of antiviral responses we developed an antiviral activity assay that measures the overall functional ability of secreted antiviral molecules to inhibit infections. Moreover, using a novel dual color fluorescent reporter system to detect viral replication and cellular antiviral activity; we performed real-time fluorescent microscopy imaging studies of infection spread within cell culture monolayers in conventional well plates and microchannels. Quantitative analysis of spatial and temporal features of spreading infections in these two different cultures, together with the use of activity assay revealed the dose and duration dependency of antiviral activation prior to infection that ultimately determined the spread or arrest of the infection. On a separate project, using the image processing and analysis tools, we quantified the infection spread behavior of VSV in the presence of a virus mutant that lacked essential genes for growth, but was able to divert the viral proteins produced by an infectious virus to its own replication. The detailed analysis and modeling of the diverse interfered patterns revealed the increase in the diversity of spread patterns with increasing mutant virus input. The tools developed here can aid the in vitro testing of antiviral drugs by helping assess how the treatments influence the interactions between virus and the host cells over multiple rounds of infection. Further improving the quantitative methods developed using VSV, finally we focused on a more clinically relevant virus, rhinovirus (RV), which contributes to a variety of respiratory illnesses. Aiming to link the genetic diversity observed in different RV strains with differences in the severity of infections observed clinically, we developed single-cell image analysis workflows. The workflows enabled tracking of individual cells and extraction of fluorescent intensities from different cellular compartments in a dual color fluorescent transfection assay. Using these tools we quantified the RVs' ability to disrupt nuclear transport pathways over time. Comparison of different strains revealed the differential disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport, a key mechanism for intracellular antiviral signaling. Extending these studies to probe spatial and temporal dynamics of spreading RV infections, we quantified the spread patterns of a recombinant fluorescent RV strain and extracted parameters that can be further used for characterizing the various features of the spread phenotypes of different RV strains. The multi-cycle infection analysis of various RV strains may help gain insights into varying degrees of illness severities observed for infections of different RV strains. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of these new experimental and computational tools for enabling a more quantitative approach to elucidating the dynamic and complex mechanisms of virus-host interactions.

Platforms for Exploring Host-pathogen Interactions in Hepatitis C Virus Infection

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Platforms for Exploring Host-pathogen Interactions in Hepatitis C Virus Infection by : Kartik Trehan

Download or read book Platforms for Exploring Host-pathogen Interactions in Hepatitis C Virus Infection written by Kartik Trehan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afflicting almost 200 million worldwide, hepatitis C virus (HCV) mounts a chronic infection of liver hepatocytes that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. An understanding of host-virus interactions will drive the development of therapeutics, but research is restrained by available experimental tools. Due to the cost and unreliability of existing humanized mouse and primate in vivo models, HCV research is almost exclusively performed using in vitro platforms which suffer from three major limitations. First, challenges in primary hepatocyte culture and the general non-permissiveness of liver cell lines have necessitated the use of a uniquely permissive hepatoma line derived from a single donor, questioning the generalizability of findings to the broader population. Second, this cell line deviates appreciably from native liver in functions central to HCV infection, including innate immune signaling, polarization, and proliferation. Third, infection is typically studied using bulk assays with suboptimal specificity, sensitivity, and content. Here, we describe three technologies for overcoming these limitations in the study of host-virus interactions. We demonstrate their utility in exploring innate immune signaling, a clinically significant component of HCV pathogenesis. Section I describes an in vitro platform for investigating inter-host variations in the natural history of infection and treatment response. We show that directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) yields patient-specific liver tissue that is permissive to HCV and responds to infection with a robust innate immune response, opening the door to "personalizing" the study and treatment of infection. In Section II, we demonstrate that tissue-engineered, micropatterned co-cultures (MPCCs) of primary hepatocytes and supportive stroma are permissive to HCV, enabling investigations in a more natural host. We then show that innate immune signaling curtails infection in this model, and that its inhibition enhances infection 2-3 orders of magnitude. Lastly, we use MPCCs to uncover a novel liver immunoregulatory mechanism whereby innate immune surveillance is depressed, permitting efficient replication of hepatotropic pathogens. Finally, Section III details a high-content imaging assay that enables visualization and enumeration of single viral genomes in individual cells. We demonstrate that single-cell, multiplexed quantification of viral genomes and host gene transcripts can be used to dissect host-virus interactions, yielding an unexpected positive correlation between stage of infection and response to an innate immune cytokine. The solutions described here will enable the pursuit of previously intractable research questions for HCV and other viruses, accelerating progress towards the development of antivirals and vaccines. Further, the insights gained regarding the interplay between HCV and innate immunity have important clinical ramifications, including a novel therapeutic strategy.

Hepatitis C Virus I

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 443156098X
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Hepatitis C Virus I by : Tatsuo Miyamura

Download or read book Hepatitis C Virus I written by Tatsuo Miyamura and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-28 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is composed of chapters that review important fundamental aspects of HCV biology and disease pathogenesis including, for example, the discovery and identification of the HCV genome, early virus-cell interactions including identification of various cellular receptors, HCV gene expression studied using the HCV replicon system, identification and characterization of HCV structural- and non-structural HCV proteins, HCV replication in cultured cells, and host factors involved in viral replication. This volume also contains chapters dealing with immunity to HCV infection and pathogenesis. This is particularly important in understanding hepatitis C because HCV infection alone is not cell lytic. Mechanisms underlying the persistent nature of HCV infection are also discussed in these chapters. Many of the authors published articles that were listed among the “top 10 papers” published in the 24 years since HCV was discovered in 1989. Their citations are above 1,000 (Web of Science). The authors describe the background and significance of their contributions to the field in the context of findings from other research groups.

Hepatitis C Virus Protocols

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Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781493989751
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Hepatitis C Virus Protocols by : Mansun Law

Download or read book Hepatitis C Virus Protocols written by Mansun Law and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details the most updated concepts and experimental protocols developed by leading researchers in the field. Chapters guide readers through methods on bioinformatics tools, hepatitis c virus(HCV) cloning, culture, and purification, HCV life cycle, host immune responses, and small animal models. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Hepatitis C Virus Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Investigating Hepatitis C Virus Interactions with Host Lipid Pathways that are Critical for Viral Propagation Using Small Molecule Inhibitors and Chemical Biology Methods

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Book Synopsis Investigating Hepatitis C Virus Interactions with Host Lipid Pathways that are Critical for Viral Propagation Using Small Molecule Inhibitors and Chemical Biology Methods by : Rodney Lyn

Download or read book Investigating Hepatitis C Virus Interactions with Host Lipid Pathways that are Critical for Viral Propagation Using Small Molecule Inhibitors and Chemical Biology Methods written by Rodney Lyn and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is remarkably capable of efficiently hijacking host cell pathways including lipid metabolism in the liver in order to create pro-viral environments for pathogenesis. It is becoming increasingly clear that identifying small molecule inhibitors that target host factors exploited by the virus will expand available HCV treatment options. As such, a thorough understanding of host-virus interactions is critical to the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Hepatic lipid droplets (LDs) are recruited by HCV to play essential roles in the viral lifecycle. The intracellular location of LDs is modified upon interacting with viral structural core protein. This enables formation of platforms that support viral particle assembly. Because these interactions are non-static, capturing its dynamic processes in order to better understand viral assembly can be achieved with label-free molecular imaging enhanced with live-cell capabilities. Chemical biology approaches that includes CARS microscopy employed in a multi-modal imaging system was used to probe interactions between HCV and host LDs. By successfully tracking LD trajectories, we identified core protein's ability to alter LD speed and control for LD directionality. Using protein expression model systems that allowed for simultaneous tracking of core protein and LDs, our data revealed that mutations in the core protein region that vary in hydrophobicity and LD binding strengths, are factors that control for differential modulation of LD kinetics. Furthermore, we measured bidirectional LD travels runs and velocities, and observed critical properties by which core protein induces LD migration towards regions of viral particle assembly. Given that many steps in the HCV lifecycle are directly linked to host lipid metabolism, it is not surprising that disrupting lipid biosynthetic pathways would negatively affect viral replication. From this outlook, we explored small molecule inhibitors that targeted several lipid metabolic pathways to study its antiviral properties. Using fluorescent probes covalently labeled to viral RNA, we captured the visualization of disrupted replication complexes upon antagonizing nuclear hormone receptors that are linked to regulating lipid homeostasis. Correspondingly, biochemistry and molecular imaging techniques were also employed to identify novel antiviral mechanisms of small molecule inhibitors that target additional HCV-dependent lipid metabolic pathways.

Functional Interactions of Structural and NS Proteins of Hepatitis C Virus

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Functional Interactions of Structural and NS Proteins of Hepatitis C Virus by : Hamed Gouklani

Download or read book Functional Interactions of Structural and NS Proteins of Hepatitis C Virus written by Hamed Gouklani and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small enveloped virus with a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. Based on its molecular genetic characteristics, the virus has been classified into the Hepacivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae. HCV is one of the major causes of chronic hepatitis which can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. According to the recent WHO published data, 123 million individuals are infected with HCV (approximately 3% of the world's population) throughout the world. Due to its highly variable nature, HCV is classified into six major genotypes. The HCV genome encodes a single polyprotein that is cleaved to yield at least 10 mature proteins (C, E1, E2, p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B). The recently developed HCV cell culture system, based on the JFH1 strain of HCV, has provided an opportunity to study the role of the viral proteins in the complete HCV replication cycle in human hepatoma cells. How the viral proteins functionally interact during replication of HCV in cell culture is not completely understood. Passage of cell cultures transfected with HCV genomic RNA containing attenuating mutations allows for the selection of genomes with second site compensatory mutations that restore replication to wild type levels. Using this approach, the functional interactions of p7 and E2 with other viral proteins during HCV replication was investigated.A small protein of 63 amino acids, p7 is encoded at the junction of the structural and non-strucutural region. p7 is a highly hydrophobic, integral membrane protein and is classified in the viroporin family. In this thesis, it is shown that p7 is critical for production of viral particles and is implicated in a late step of particle assembly. Since the protein plays a critical role in the virus life cycle, chemical compounds that block p7 function are potential candidates for anti-viral therapy. In this thesis, a chimeric JFH1 genome that encodes the p7 protein of genotype (GT) 1b strain J4 was generated. The intergenotypic chimeric genome was nonviable in human hepatoma cells and infectious chimeric virions were only produced after cells harboring the chimeric genomes were passaged several times. To investigate the emergence of compensatory mutations in the viral proteins during cell passaging, the consensus sequences of the entire polyprotein coding regions of the wild type JFH1 and three chimeric viruses were determined. Sequence analysis revealed mutations in core, NS2, NS5A and NS5B. Reverse genetic analysis demonstrated that any one of the single mutations restored the infectivity of the defective chimeric genomes. These data suggest that there are critical genetic interactions between p7 with core, NS2, NS5A and NS5B. In addition, a stable physical interaction between p7 and NS2 is shown in a transient expression system. The HCV glycoproteins E1 and E2 are present on the surface of virions as a heterodimer that attach virions to host cell receptors and facilitate virus fusion and entry. HCV entry proceeds via attachment to glycosaminoglycans followed by binding to scavenger receptor type B class I, and the tetraspanin CD81. Recently, claudin-1 and occludin have emerged as additional receptors required for entry. E2 has a receptor binding domain (E2661RBD) that conatins three variable regions, hypervariable regions 1 (HVR1), HVR2 and the intergenotypic variable region (igVR). In this thesis, HVR1 of E2 was deleted in the context of full-length replication comptetent HCV. Deletion of HVR1 increases CD81-binding ability of the mutant and also increases its susceptibility to neutralizing antibody MAb 24. The infectivity of the HVR1 deleted virions was attenuated approximately 10-fold prior to accumulation of compensatory mutations. Sequencing of cDNA obtained from reverted virions revealed mutations in E1 (I262L) and E2 (N415D). Reverse genetic studies revealed that I262L improved the infectivity of HVR1 deleted virions 2.5 fold while N415D restored infectivity to wild type levels. These data suggest that mutations within E1 or E2 can compensate for the reduction in infectivity observed for HVR1 deleted viruses.In summary, this thesis demonstrates the importance of functional interactions between HCV proteins during virus morphogenesis and infectivity.

Antiviral Chemotherapy

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Antiviral Chemotherapy by : D. J. Jeffries

Download or read book Antiviral Chemotherapy written by D. J. Jeffries and published by . This book was released on 1995-07-11 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable advances have been made in the treatment of antiviral diseases over the last decade. Several new drugs have been introduced while new clinical information has been gathered on the efficacy of existing drugs. This study aims to provide an examination of the basic science (drug formulae, structure and biochemical activity) and clinical information (usage and efficacy) on chemotherapy, as well as describing future potentials.

Structure and Physics of Viruses

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400765525
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Structure and Physics of Viruses by : Mauricio G. Mateu

Download or read book Structure and Physics of Viruses written by Mauricio G. Mateu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contemplates the structure, dynamics and physics of virus particles: From the moment they come into existence by self-assembly from viral components produced in the infected cell, through their extracellular stage, until they recognise and infect a new host cell and cease to exist by losing their physical integrity to start a new infectious cycle. (Bio)physical techniques used to study the structure of virus particles and components, and some applications of structure-based studies of viruses are also contemplated. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related scientific disciplines who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. We have aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise. We have not attempted to provide a collection of for-experts-only reviews focused mainly on the latest research in specific topics; we have not generally assumed that the reader knows all of the jargon and all but the most recent and advanced results in each topic dealt with in this book. In short, we have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to M.Sc and Ph.D. students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists with an interest in Structural and/or Physical Virology.

Biomedical Innovations to Combat COVID-19

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323902499
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomedical Innovations to Combat COVID-19 by : Sergio Rosales-Mendoza

Download or read book Biomedical Innovations to Combat COVID-19 written by Sergio Rosales-Mendoza and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-15 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical Innovations to Combat COVID-19 provides an updated overview on the development of vaccines, antiviral drugs and nanomaterials, and diagnostic methods for the fight against COVID-19. Perspectives on such technologies are identified, discussed, and enriched with figures for easy understanding and applicability. Furthermore, it contains basic aspects of virology, immunology, and antiviral drugs that are needed to fully appreciate these innovations. This book is split into four sections: introduction, presenting basic virologic and epidemiological aspects of COVID-19; vaccines against COVID-19, discussing their different types and applications used to develop them; diagnostic approaches for SARS-CoV-2, encompassing advanced sensing and microfluidic-based biosensors; and drug development and delivery, where antivirals based on nanomaterials or drugs are presented. It is a valuable source for virologists, biotechnologists, and members of biomedical field interested in learning more about how novel technologies can be applied to fasten the eradication of the COVID-19 and similar pandemics. Presents updated literature coverage summarizing the most relevant information on COVID-19 Written by experts from diverse scientific domains in order to provide readers with a thorough view on the subject Encompasses tables, figures and information trees especially developed for the book in order to condense and highlight key points for quick reference

The Bacteriophage and Its Behavior

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Bacteriophage and Its Behavior by : Félix D'Herelle

Download or read book The Bacteriophage and Its Behavior written by Félix D'Herelle and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Viral Immunology and Immunopathology

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 148321897X
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Viral Immunology and Immunopathology by : Abner Louis Notkins

Download or read book Viral Immunology and Immunopathology written by Abner Louis Notkins and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viral Immunology and Immunopathalogy covers topics concerning the role of cellular and humoral immunity in viral infections, factors responsible for the persistence and recurrence of viral infections in the presence of immunity, mechanisms of viral immunopathology, and concepts in the development of vaccines. The book describes the history of viral immunology; the synthesis and properties of viral antigens; and the humoral immune response to viruses. The text also discusses the mechanisms of viral neutralization; cellular immunity; the role of inflammatory cells and effector molecules in combating viral infections; and the genetic control of resistance. The book concludes with chapters on herd immunity; viral immunopathology; and viral immunology and immunopathology. Immunologists, pathologists, virologists, and microbiologists will find the book useful.

Encyclopedia of Virology

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128145161
Total Pages : 4109 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Virology by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Virology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-24 with total page 4109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Virology, Fourth Edition, Five Volume Set builds on the solid foundation laid by the previous editions, expanding its reach with new and timely topics. In five volumes, the work provides comprehensive coverage of the whole virosphere, making this a unique resource. Content explores viruses present in the environment and the pathogenic viruses of humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. Key areas and concepts concerning virus classification, structure, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention are discussed, guiding the reader through chapters that are presented at an accessible level, and include further readings for those needing more specific information. More than ever now, with the Covid19 pandemic, we are seeing the huge impact viruses have on our life and society. This encyclopedia is a must-have resource for scientists and practitioners, and a great source of information for the wider public. Offers students and researchers a one-stop shop for information on virology not easily available elsewhere Fills a critical gap of information in a field that has seen significant progress in recent years Authored and edited by recognized experts in the field, with a range of different expertise, thus ensuring a high-quality standard

New Advances on Zika Virus Research

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Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038977640
Total Pages : 554 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)

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Book Synopsis New Advances on Zika Virus Research by : Luis Martinez-Sobrido

Download or read book New Advances on Zika Virus Research written by Luis Martinez-Sobrido and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family that historically has been associated with mild febrile illness. However, the recent outbreaks in Brazil in 2015 and its rapid spread throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean, together with its association with severe neurological disorders—including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults—have changed the historic perspective of ZIKV. Currently, ZIKV is considered an important public health concern that has the potential to affect millions of people worldwide. The significance of ZIKV in human health and the lack of approved vaccines and/or antiviral drugs to combat ZIKV infection have triggered a global effort to develop effective countermeasures to prevent and/or treat ZIKV infection. In this Special Issue of Viruses, we have assembled a collection of 32 research and review articles that cover the more recent advances on ZIKV molecular biology, replication and transmission, virus–host interactions, pathogenesis, epidemiology, vaccine development, antivirals, and viral diagnosis.

Origin and Evolution of Viruses

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080564968
Total Pages : 573 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Origin and Evolution of Viruses by : Esteban Domingo

Download or read book Origin and Evolution of Viruses written by Esteban Domingo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-06-23 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New viral diseases are emerging continuously. Viruses adapt to new environments at astounding rates. Genetic variability of viruses jeopardizes vaccine efficacy. For many viruses mutants resistant to antiviral agents or host immune responses arise readily, for example, with HIV and influenza. These variations are all of utmost importance for human and animal health as they have prevented us from controlling these epidemic pathogens. This book focuses on the mechanisms that viruses use to evolve, survive and cause disease in their hosts. Covering human, animal, plant and bacterial viruses, it provides both the basic foundations for the evolutionary dynamics of viruses and specific examples of emerging diseases. NEW - methods to establish relationships among viruses and the mechanisms that affect virus evolution UNIQUE - combines theoretical concepts in evolution with detailed analyses of the evolution of important virus groups SPECIFIC - Bacterial, plant, animal and human viruses are compared regarding their interation with their hosts

Vaccines against RNA Viruses

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Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039436236
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Vaccines against RNA Viruses by : Juan Carlos Saiz

Download or read book Vaccines against RNA Viruses written by Juan Carlos Saiz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-28 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA viruses cause animal, human, and zoonotic diseases that affect millions of individuals, as is being exemplified by the devastating ongoing epidemic of the recently identified SARS-Cov-2. For years vaccines have had an enormous impact on overcoming the global burden of diseases. Nowadays, a vast number of different approaches, from purified inactivated and live attenuated viruses, nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) based candidates, virus-like particles, subunit elements, and recombinant viruses are been employed to combat viruses. However, for many of them efficient vaccines are not yet available. This will probably change dramatically with the current Covid-19 pandemic, as a vast variety of vaccinology approaches are being tested against it, with hundreds of candidates under development, dozens of them already in clinical trials, a fact that is breaking records in vaccine development and implementation. This is becoming possible thanks to the enormous work carried out during years to have the bases for a quick response, even against unknown pathogens, in an impressive short time. Here, results obtained with different vaccine´s methodological approaches against human (HIV, HCV, HRV) animal (PRRSV, PEDV, FMDV, VHSV) and zoonotic (RVF, WNV), RNA viruses are presented by field experts.

Physical Virology

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303014741X
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical Virology by : Urs F. Greber

Download or read book Physical Virology written by Urs F. Greber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-17 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores a new challenge in virology: to understand how physical properties of virus particles (virions) and viruses (infected cells) affect the course of an infection. Insights from the emerging field of physical virology will contribute to understanding of the physical nature of viruses and cells, and will open new ways for anti-viral interference. Nine chapters and an editorial written by physicists, chemists, biologists and computational experts describe how virions serve as trail blazers in uncharted territory of cells. The authors outline how particles change in composition as they interact with host cells. Such virus dynamics are crucial for virus entry into cells and infection. It influences the modern concepts of virus-host interactions, viral lineages and evolution. The volume gives numerous up-to-date examples of modern virology and provides a fascinating read for researchers, clinicians and students in the field of infectious diseases.