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Development Of An Autonomous Ground Vehicle And Implementation Of A Gps Based Navigation System
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Book Synopsis Development of an Autonomous Ground Vehicle and Implementation of a GPS-based Navigation System by : John Christ
Download or read book Development of an Autonomous Ground Vehicle and Implementation of a GPS-based Navigation System written by John Christ and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intelligent Unmanned Ground Vehicles by : Martial H. Hebert
Download or read book Intelligent Unmanned Ground Vehicles written by Martial H. Hebert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent Unmanned Ground Vehicles describes the technology developed and the results obtained by the Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute in the course of the DARPA Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) project. The goal of this work was to equip off-road vehicles with computer-controlled, unmanned driving capabilities. The book describes contributions in the area of mobility for UGVs including: tools for assembling complex autonomous mobility systems; on-road and off-road navigation; sensing techniques; and route planning algorithms. In addition to basic mobility technology, the book covers a number of integrated systems demonstrated in the field in realistic scenarios. The approaches presented in this book can be applied to a wide range of mobile robotics applications, from automated passenger cars to planetary exploration, and construction and agricultural machines. Intelligent Unmanned Ground Vehicles shows the progress that was achieved during this program, from brittle specially-built robots operating under highly constrained conditions, to groups of modified commercial vehicles operating in tough environments. One measure of progress is how much of this technology is being used in other applications. For example, much of the work in road-following, architectures and obstacle detection has been the basis for the Automated Highway Systems (AHS) prototypes currently under development. AHS will lead to commercial prototypes within a few years. The cross-country technology is also being used in the development of planetary rovers with a projected launch date within a few years. The architectural tools built under this program have been used in numerous applications, from an automated harvester to an autonomous excavator. The results reported in this work provide tools for further research development leading to practical, reliable and economical mobile robots.
Book Synopsis Development of a Gps-based Navigation and Guidance System for an Automated Ground Vehicle by : Mathieu Joerger
Download or read book Development of a Gps-based Navigation and Guidance System for an Automated Ground Vehicle written by Mathieu Joerger and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technology Development for Army Unmanned Ground Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Technology Development for Army Unmanned Ground Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) are expected to play a key role in the Army's Objective Force structure. These UGVs would be used for weapons platforms, logistics carriers, and reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition among other things. To examine aspects of the Army's UGV program, assess technology readiness, and identify key issues in implementing UGV systems, among other questions, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct a study of UGV technologies. This report discusses UGV operational requirements, current development efforts, and technology integration and roadmaps to the future. Key recommendations are presented addressing technical content, time lines, and milestones for the UGV efforts.
Book Synopsis Development, Analysis and Implementation of a Spline Based, Obstacle Avoiding, Path Planning Algorithm for Autonomous Ground Vehicles by : John Connors
Download or read book Development, Analysis and Implementation of a Spline Based, Obstacle Avoiding, Path Planning Algorithm for Autonomous Ground Vehicles written by John Connors and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Learning Applied to Ground Vehicles by : Fouad Sabry
Download or read book Learning Applied to Ground Vehicles written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-05-05 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Learning Applied to Ground Vehicles The Learning Applied to Ground Vehicles (LAGR) initiative, which was in operation from 2004 until 2008, was designed with the intention of expediting the development of autonomous, perception-based, off-road navigation in robotic unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). DARPA, which is a research agency under the Department of Defense of the United States of America, provided funding for LAGR. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: DARPA LAGR Program Chapter 2: DARPA Chapter 3: Autonomous robot Chapter 4: Military robot Chapter 5: DARPA Grand Challenge Chapter 6: Unmanned ground vehicle Chapter 7: European Land-Robot Trial Chapter 8: Mobile robot Chapter 9: Crusher (robot) Chapter 10: National Robotics Engineering Center (II) Answering the public top questions about learning applied to ground vehicles. (III) Real world examples for the usage of learning applied to ground vehicles in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Learning Applied to Ground Vehicles.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Ground Vehicles by : Ümit Özgüner
Download or read book Autonomous Ground Vehicles written by Ümit Özgüner and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2011 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the near future, we will witness vehicles with the ability to provide drivers with several advanced safety and performance assistance features. Autonomous technology in ground vehicles will afford us capabilities like intersection collision warning, lane change warning, backup parking, parallel parking aids, and bus precision parking. Providing you with a practical understanding of this technology area, this innovative resource focuses on basic autonomous control and feedback for stopping and steering ground vehicles.Covering sensors, estimation, and sensor fusion to percept the vehicle motion and surrounding objects, this unique book explains the key aspects that makes autonomous vehicle behavior possible. Moreover, you find detailed examples of fusion and Kalman filtering. From maps, path planning, and obstacle avoidance scenarios...to cooperative mobility among autonomous vehicles, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, this forward-looking book presents the most critical topics in the field today.
Book Synopsis Vision-Based Navigation for Autonomous Ground Vehicles by : Larry Davis
Download or read book Vision-Based Navigation for Autonomous Ground Vehicles written by Larry Davis and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The project to date has focused on three tasks: (1) Support of Martin Marietta as the Autonomous Land Vehicle (ALV) integrating contractor, (2) development of a vision system for autonomous navigation of roads and road networks, and (3) experiments using this vision system on the ALV. Progress on each of these topics is described in the following subsections.
Book Synopsis Inertial and Visual Navigation Systems for Autonomous Vehicles by : Dipam Chakraborty
Download or read book Inertial and Visual Navigation Systems for Autonomous Vehicles written by Dipam Chakraborty and published by . This book was released on 2018-12-09 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Engineering - Robotics, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, language: English, abstract: Indoor navigation is a challenging task due to the absence of Global Positioning System(GPS). This project removes the need for GPS in systems by combining Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) and Visual Navigation Systems (VNS), with the help of machine learning with Artificial and Convolutional Neural Networks.In GPS denied environments a highly accurate INS is necessary, it must also be coupled with another system to bound the continious drift error that is present in INS, for which VNS is employed. The system was implemented using a ground robot to collect ground truth data, which were used as datasets to train a filter that increases the accuracy of the INS. The accuracy of the INS has been proven on the hardware platfrom over multiple datasets. Eventually Visual Navigation data can also be fed into the same system, which for now is implemented in simulation, as an independent system. A software and hardware framework have been developed that can be used in the future for further developments. The project also optimizes visual navigation for use on low power hardware with hardware acceleration for maximized speed. A low cost and scalable indoor navigation system is developed for indoor navigation, which can also be further extended to Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) in 3D space.
Book Synopsis Terrain Aided Localisation of Autonomous Vehicles in Unstructured Environments by : Rajmohan Madhavan
Download or read book Terrain Aided Localisation of Autonomous Vehicles in Unstructured Environments written by Rajmohan Madhavan and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2003-03-08 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is concerned with the theoretical and practical development of reliable and robust localisation algorithms for autonomous land vehicles operating at high speeds in unstructured, expansive and harsh environments. Localisation is the ability of a vehicle to determine its position and orientation within an operating environment. The need for such a localisation system is motivated by the requirement of developing autonomous vehicles in applications such as mining, agriculture and cargo handling. The main drivers in these applications are for safety, efficiency and productivity. The approach taken to the localisation problem in this thesis guarantees that the safety and reliability requirements imposed by such applications are achieved. The approach also aims to minimise the engineering or modification of the environment, such as adding artificial landmarks or other infrastructure. This is a key driver in the practical implementation of a localisation algorithm. In pursuit of these objectives, this thesis makes the following principal contributions: 1. The development of an Iterative Closest Point - Extended Kalman Filter (ICP-EKF) algorithm - a map-based iconic algorithm that utilises measurements from a scanning laser rangefinder to achieve localisation. The ICP-EKF algorithm entails the development of a map-building algorithm. The main attraction of the map-based localisation algorithm is that it works directly on sensed data and thus does not require extraction and matching of features. It also explicitly takes into account the uncertainty associated with measurements and has the ability to include measurements from a variety of different sensors. 2. The development and implementation of an entropy-based metric to evaluate the information content of measurements. This metric facilitates the augmentation of landmarks to the ICP-EKF algorithm thus guaranteeing reliable and robust localisation. 3. The development and adaptation of a view-invariant Curvature Scale Space (CSS) landmark extraction algorithm. The algorithm is sufficiently robust to sensor noise and is capable of reliably detecting and extracting landmarks that are naturally present in the environment from laser rangefinder scans. 4. The integration of the information metric and the CSS and ICP-EKF algorithms to arrive at a unified localisation framework that uses measurements from both artificial and natural landmarks, combined with dead-reckoning sensors, to deliver reliable vehicle position estimates. The localisation framework developed is sufficiently generic to be used on a variety of other autonomous land vehicle systems. This is demonstrated by its implementation using field data collected from three different trials on three different vehicles. The first trial was carried out on a four-wheel drive vehicle in an underground mine tunnel. The second trial was conducted on a Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) truck in a test tunnel constructed to emulate an underground mine. The estimates of the proposed localisation algorithms are compared to the ground truth provided by an artificial landmark-based localisation algorithm that uses bearing measurements from a laser. To demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of both the natural landmark extraction and localisation algorithms, these are also implemented on a utility vehicle in an outdoor area within the University's campus. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed localisation algorithms in producing reliable and accurate position estimates for autonomous vehicles operating in a variety of unstructured domains.
Book Synopsis Studies in Autonomous Ground Vehicle Control Systems by : Qi Chen
Download or read book Studies in Autonomous Ground Vehicle Control Systems written by Qi Chen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This dissertation studies issues in the implementation of the control system and path-planning algorithms in autonomous ground vehicles (AGV), which are designed for and further developed from both DARPA Grand Challenges in 2004 and 2005. A hierarchical generic control architecture of the AGV control system is presented. In this architecture, the functionalities required for an AGV control system are decomposed into small and well defined tasks which are then carried out by different controllers. As an example, ION, the Intelligent Off-road Navigator, the autonomous vehicle participated in DARPA Grand Challenge 2005, is then introduced. Its control system structure and the hierarchical task decomposition are studied and designed. The discrete-event state machine in ION's navigation module and its physical layout of the vehicle hardware is also discussed. In order to safely, smoothly and efficiently guide the vehicle to the goals, the navigation module in the control system is a very important part. The path-planning algorithms applied in ION's navigation module are then elaborated. We develop a real-time path-planning algorithm utilizing fuzzy logic. Two different fuzzy controller, fuzzy steering controller and fuzzy speed controller, are designed and discussed to ensure the planned path is goal-reaching and obstacle-free. In addition, because of the vehicle's physical constraints, we study the smooth path planning problem for the autonomous ground vehicles and the quartic spline interpolation method is proposed. In order to make sure that the distance between the line segments of the given waypoints and the smooth path is small so that the vehicle stays right on the path, we formulate and study the minimum offset smooth interpolation problem. With the given way points and maximum turning curvature, the minimum offset can be calculated by using quartic splines. In the end we consider the maneuver planning problem. The vector space and state flow of the nonholonomic systems are defined. Three different approaches, Lie algebra approximation, dynamic programming, and nonlinear control method, are presented for different applications.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Navigation for a Two-wheeled Unmanned Ground Vehicle by : Tianxiang Lu
Download or read book Autonomous Navigation for a Two-wheeled Unmanned Ground Vehicle written by Tianxiang Lu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) have been widely used in many areas such as agriculture, mining, construction and military applications. This results from the fact that UGVs can not only be easily built and controlled, but also be featured with high mobility and handling hazardous situations in complex environments. Among the competences of UGVs, autonomous navigation is one of the most challenging problems. This is because that the success in achieving autonomous navigation depends on four factors: Perception, localization, cognition, and proper motion controller. In this thesis, we introduce the realization of autonomous navigation for a two-wheeled differential ground robot under the robot operating system (ROS) environment from both the simulation and experimental perspectives. In Chapter 2, the simulation work is discussed. Firstly, the robot model is described in the unified robot description format (URDF)-based form and the working environment for the robot is simulated. Then we use the \textit{gmapping} package which is one of the packages integrating simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm to build the map of the working environment. In addition, ROS packages including \textit{tf}, \textit{move\_base}, \textit{amcl}, etc., are used to realize the autonomous navigation. Finally, simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the autonomous navigation system for the two-wheeled UGV with the ability to avoid collisions with obstacles. In Chapter 3, we introduce the experimental studies of implementing autonomous navigation for a two-wheeled UGV. The necessary hardware peripherals on the UGV to achieve autonomous navigation are given. The process of implementation in the experiment is similar to that in simulation, however, calibration of several devices is necessary to adapt the scenario in a practical environment. Additionally, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for the robot base is used to handle the external noise during the experiment. The experimental results demonstrate the success in the implementation of autonomous navigation for the UGV in practice.
Book Synopsis Intelligent Vehicle Systems by : Raj Madhavan
Download or read book Intelligent Vehicle Systems written by Raj Madhavan and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new research on autonomous mobility capabilities and shows how technological advances can be anticipated in the coming two decades. An in-depth description is presented on the theoretical foundations and engineering approaches that enable these capabilities. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to the 4D/RCS reference model architecture and design methodology that has proven successful in guiding the development of autonomous mobility systems. Chapters 2 to 7 provide more detailed descriptions of research that has been conducted and algorithms that have been developed to implement the various aspects of the 4D/RCS reference model architecture and design methodology. Chapters 8 and 9 discuss applications, performance measures, and standards. Chapter 10 provides a history of Army and DARPA research in autonomous ground mobility. Chapter 11 provides a perspective on the potential future developments in autonomous mobility.
Book Synopsis Creating Autonomous Vehicle Systems by : Shaoshan Liu
Download or read book Creating Autonomous Vehicle Systems written by Shaoshan Liu and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first technical overview of autonomous vehicles written for a general computing and engineering audience. The authors share their practical experiences of creating autonomous vehicle systems. These systems are complex, consisting of three major subsystems: (1) algorithms for localization, perception, and planning and control; (2) client systems, such as the robotics operating system and hardware platform; and (3) the cloud platform, which includes data storage, simulation, high-definition (HD) mapping, and deep learning model training. The algorithm subsystem extracts meaningful information from sensor raw data to understand its environment and make decisions about its actions. The client subsystem integrates these algorithms to meet real-time and reliability requirements. The cloud platform provides offline computing and storage capabilities for autonomous vehicles. Using the cloud platform, we are able to test new algorithms and update the HD map—plus, train better recognition, tracking, and decision models. This book consists of nine chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of autonomous vehicle systems; Chapter 2 focuses on localization technologies; Chapter 3 discusses traditional techniques used for perception; Chapter 4 discusses deep learning based techniques for perception; Chapter 5 introduces the planning and control sub-system, especially prediction and routing technologies; Chapter 6 focuses on motion planning and feedback control of the planning and control subsystem; Chapter 7 introduces reinforcement learning-based planning and control; Chapter 8 delves into the details of client systems design; and Chapter 9 provides the details of cloud platforms for autonomous driving. This book should be useful to students, researchers, and practitioners alike. Whether you are an undergraduate or a graduate student interested in autonomous driving, you will find herein a comprehensive overview of the whole autonomous vehicle technology stack. If you are an autonomous driving practitioner, the many practical techniques introduced in this book will be of interest to you. Researchers will also find plenty of references for an effective, deeper exploration of the various technologies.
Book Synopsis Navigation Solution for the Texas A & M Autonomous Ground Vehicle by : Craig Allen Odom
Download or read book Navigation Solution for the Texas A & M Autonomous Ground Vehicle written by Craig Allen Odom and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need addressed in this thesis is to provide an Autonomous Ground Vehicle (AGV) with accurate information regarding its position, velocity, and orientation. The system chosen to meet these needs incorporates (1) a differential Global Positioning System, (2) an Inertial Measurement Unit consisting of accelerometers and angular-rate sensors, and (3) a Kalman Filter (KF) to fuse the sensor data. The obstacle avoidance software requires position and orientation to build a global map of obstacles based on the returns of a scanning laser rangefinder. The path control software requires position and velocity. The development of the KF is the major contribution of this thesis. This technology can either be purchased or developed, and, for educational and financial reasons, it was decided to develop instead of purchasing the KF software. This thesis analyzes three different cases of navigation: one-dimensional, two dimensional and three-dimensional (general). Each becomes more complex, and separating them allows a three step progression to reach the general motion solution. Three tests were conducted at the Texas A & M University Riverside campus that demonstrated the accuracy of the solution. Starting from a designated origin, the AGV traveled along the runway and then returned to the same origin within 11 cm along the North axis, 19 cm along the East axis and 8 cm along the Down axis. Also, the vehicle traveled along runway 35R which runs North-South within 0.1°, with the yaw solution consistently within 1° of North or South. The final test was mapping a box onto the origin of the global map, which requires accurate linear and angular position estimates and a correct mapping transformation.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Vehicles in Support of Naval Operations by : National Research Council
Download or read book Autonomous Vehicles in Support of Naval Operations written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-08-05 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have been used in military operations for more than 60 years, with torpedoes, cruise missiles, satellites, and target drones being early examples.1 They have also been widely used in the civilian sector-for example, in the disposal of explosives, for work and measurement in radioactive environments, by various offshore industries for both creating and maintaining undersea facilities, for atmospheric and undersea research, and by industry in automated and robotic manufacturing. Recent military experiences with AVs have consistently demonstrated their value in a wide range of missions, and anticipated developments of AVs hold promise for increasingly significant roles in future naval operations. Advances in AV capabilities are enabled (and limited) by progress in the technologies of computing and robotics, navigation, communications and networking, power sources and propulsion, and materials. Autonomous Vehicles in Support of Naval Operations is a forward-looking discussion of the naval operational environment and vision for the Navy and Marine Corps and of naval mission needs and potential applications and limitations of AVs. This report considers the potential of AVs for naval operations, operational needs and technology issues, and opportunities for improved operations.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Ground Vehicles by : C. Ruoff
Download or read book Autonomous Ground Vehicles written by C. Ruoff and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
