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Author : Bruce A. Kunkel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Development of an Atmospheric Diffusion Model for Toxic Chemical Releases written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David D. Skipper
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (295 download)
Download or read book The Development of a Dispersion Modeling Casebook for Potential Hazardous Chemical Releases written by David D. Skipper and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bruce A. Kunkel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)
Download or read book AFTOX 4.0--the Air Force Toxic Chemical Dispersion Model written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accidental release of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere is an ongoing concern. Not only for the Air Force, but for any group working with hazardous materials. To evaluate the extent of the hazard area resulting from the atmospheric dispersion of the toxic vapors. The computer model AFTOX, was developed and approved for use by the Air Weather Service in 1988. AFTOX is a Gaussian puff dispersion model for uniform terrain and wind conditions. It will handle continuous or instantaneous releases, liquid or gas, elevated or surface releases from a point or area source. AFTOX 14.0 represents an upgraded version based on comments from the users after operating the model for two years in the field. The changes makes the program more user-friendly and improve it technically. This report includes a complete technical description and instructions on the use of the model. Example runs are provided in the appendix.
Author : George E. Devaull
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047093798X
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)
Download or read book Understanding Atmospheric Dispersion of Accidental Releases written by George E. Devaull and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-09-09 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brief introduction to a complex topic, giving a description of the processes involved in an accidental or emergency release and the resulting downwind transport and dilution of gases, vapors, and aerosols.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 754 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Pasquill's Influence written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pasquill's development of an evaporation model as well as his experimental work on the subject are important in view of the recent emphasis on toxic chemical releases to the environment. Pasquill's contributions to the field of atmospheric diffusion are enormous and well-known. The Pasquill stability classification enables us to apply the Gaussian diffusion model in our daily life. The Gaussian diffusion model has been widely and routinely applied in industry for the estimate of the air concentration ant to manage the radioactive and hazardous wastes in recent years. Equally important bus no less than his contribution to the Gaussian diffusion model is Pasquill's influence on the subject of evaporation from various liquid surfaces into the atmosphere. An evaporation model taking into account the vertical variations of the mean wind speed and the eddy exchange was first introduced by Sutton. The Sutton model made it possible to estimate toxic chemical release from a smooth liquid surface to the environment. In the Sutton model, the process of vapor transfer is based on the momentum exchange involving a parameter of the air viscosity. Pasquill modified Sutton's evaporation theory by introducing another new parameter, the molecular diffusivity. This replaced the viscosity in the Sutton model, an important missing parameter. The Sutton-Pasquill evaporation model has found wide applications in industry for half a century. Out of these two parameters, a non-dimensional parameter can be formed; it can be used to modify the Pasquill evaporation model. Experimental data in the laboratories and the fields indicate that the rate of evaporation from a liquid surface is dependent on a Schmidt number. Thus, in this study, we will consider the modification of the Sutton-Pasquill model and provide some theoretical justifications.
Author : Jerry A. Havens
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Development of an Atmospheric Dispersion Model for Heavier-Than-Air Gas Mixtures written by Jerry A. Havens and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modeling techniques use to predict atmospheric dispersion of heavy gases are reviewed and critiqued. These dispersion processes are characterized by three phases: (1) near field, negative buoyancy-domainated flow regime; (2) intermediate field, stably stratified shear flow regime; and (3) far field, passive turbulent diffusion regime. Mathematical models of laboratory and natural gravity currents are used to describe the negative buoyancy-dominated regime flow and dilution processes. A laboratory investigation of instantaneous heavy gas releases in calm air demonstrates scaling from small release volumes (0.5 cu m) to large field (2000 cu m) field releases, and is used to develop a mathematical model for the buoyancy-dominated regime. Laboratory data from stratified shear flow mixing experiments are used to develop a model for vertical diffusion of heavy gases in the atmospheric surface layer. The model concepts are consistent with the limiting passive behavior of demonstrated air pollution models. An interactive computer model for heavy gas dispersion (DEGADIS) is developed. The DEGADIS model accounts for the three regimes of heavy gas dispersion processes and can be used to simulate instantaneous, steady state, and transient releases. The model provides predictions of downwind concentration decay which are in good agreement with the full range of field experimental data currently available, and is recommended for incorporation in the Coast Guard hazard assessment computer system.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Development of an Advanced Atmospheric written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric transport and diffusion models have been developed for real-time calculations of the location and concentration of toxic or radioactive materials during an accidental release at the Savannah River Site (SRS). These models are based Gaussian distributions and have been incorporated into an automated menu-driven program called the WIND (Weather INformation and Display) system. The WIND system atmospheric models employ certain assumptions that allow the computations of the ground-level concentration of toxic or radioactive materials to be made quickly. Gaussian models, such as PF/PL and 2DPUF, suffer from serious limitations including the inability to represent recirculation of pollutants in complex terrain, the use of one stability class at a given time to represent turbulent mixing over heterogeneous terrain, and the use of a wind field computed at only one height in the atmosphere. These limitations arise because the fundamental conservation relations of the atmosphere have been grossly simplified. Three-dimensional coupled atmospheric-dispersion models are not limited by the over-simplifications of the Gaussian assumption and have been used in the past to predict the transport of pollutants in a variety of atmospheric circulations. The disadvantage of these models is that they require large amounts of computational time; however, technology has progressed enough so that real-time simulations of dispersion may be made. These complex models can be run in an operational mode so that routine forecasts of the wind field and particulate concentration can be made.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Results of the Independent Verification and Validation Study for the D2-Puff Model written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The D2-Puff atmospheric dispersion model was developed for use in estimating the downwind hazards resulting from accidental releases of toxic chemicals at U.S. Army chemical munitions storage depots. D2PC, the only model currently accredited for that purpose, assumes flat terrain and steady-state meteorological conditions. D2-Puff is intended to extend the D2PC methodology to complex terrain and variable meteorology in a user-friendly computer code. The independent verification and validation (IV & V) study of D2-Puff Version 2.0.6 focused on these accreditation requirements and the implicit requirement that the model provide safe-sided hazard estimates. The conclusion of the independent verification is that D2-Puff correctly implements the D2PC methodology in a convenient and easy-to-use computerized model that fully satisfies all of the specified operational requirements. The conclusion of the independent validation is that D2-Puff is unlikely to underestimate downwind hazards in terrain typical of that found in the vicinity of chemical depots. However, D2-Puff is likely to overestimate the time that it will take for a toxic cloud to travel more than a few kilometers downwind because the model does not consider the height variation of wind speed.
Author : United States. Coast Guard. Office of Research and Development
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Investigation of Hazards Posed by Chemical Vapors Released in Marine Operations -- Phase I written by United States. Coast Guard. Office of Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : S. R. Hanna
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Review of Atmospheric Diffusion Models for Regulatory Applications written by S. R. Hanna and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Steven R. Hanna
Publisher : American Institute of Chemical Engineers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Guidelines for Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models written by Steven R. Hanna and published by American Institute of Chemical Engineers. This book was released on 1987 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : 勲·神田
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (813 download)
Download or read book Development of a Roadside Atmospheric Diffusion Model MCAD. written by 勲·神田 and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Karl B. Schnelle
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 9780070580596
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling Compliance Guide written by Karl B. Schnelle and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2000 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CD-ROM includes: Practice problems that reinforces and deepen understanding of modeling principles.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Numerical Predictions of the Atmospheric Circulations and Dispersion of Toxic Releases in Complex Terrain written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The South Area of Tooele Army Depot is one of the US Army's storage facilities for its stockpile of chemical weapon agents. The Department of Defense is preparing to destroy the aging stockpiles of lethal chemical munitions, which have existed since the end of World War II. Although the danger slight, accurate predictions of the wind fields in the valley and accurate dispersion calculations are important in the event of an accident involving toxic chemicals at the depot. In order to prepare for an emergency which might involve a release of toxic agents to the atmosphere, the Higher Order Turbulence Model for Atmospheric circulations (HOTMAC) and its companion code RAndom Particle and Diffusion (RAPTAD) have been adapted for use in predicting where dangerous amounts of these chemicals may travel. Both codes have been applied to a number of air quality studies in the past, including previous dispersion studies at Tooele.
Author : John M. Lanicci
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book A Prototype Windflow Modeling System for Tactical Weather Support Operations written by John M. Lanicci and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents the culmination of a three-year development and testing effort on a two-dimensional (x-y plane) surface-layer windflow model for complex terrain. The model was acquired from the U.S. Army Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory (ASL) at White Sands, New Mexico in 1984. The version of the model described in this report has been adapted to run using real time data on both the Zenith-100 and IBM-compatible Zenith-248 computers. The model accepts input of a single surface observation (or forecast) of wind, temperature, and cloud cover, and uses this information along with terrain information and the date/time to diagnose the surface-layer stability. The model then performs a variational analysis of the windfield, adjusting the winds through a relaxation technique until the windfield conforms to effects of topography, stability, ambient flow conditions, and mass continuity. The model is designed to produce high-resolution wind analyses, typically running on domains on the order of 10 X 10 km, with horizontal grid spacing of 100 to 200 m. We present an overview of potential military and nonmilitary uses for the model, and describe the relevant physics and computer architecture of the model and its two utility plotting routines. A user's guide, included here as Section 4, is primarily aimed at providing operational users such as forecasters some guidelines for using the model and interpreting the output. Finally, we present the results of an operational test of the model in support of Army Special Forces operations at Ft. Devens, Massachusetts. The test results illustrate the model's potential as a tactical weather support tool for low-level aviation and paradrop activities.
Author : P. Zannetti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 147574465X
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling written by P. Zannetti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finishing this book is giving me a mixture of relief, satisfaction and frus tration. Relief, for the completion of a project that has taken too many of my evenings and weekends and that, in the last several months, has become almost an obsession. Satisfaction, for the optimistic feeling that this book, in spite of its many shortcomings and imbalances, will be of some help to the air pollution scientific community. Frustration, for the impossibility of incorporating newly available material that would require another major review of several key chap ters - an effort that is currently beyond my energies but not beyond my desires. The first canovaccio of this book came out in 1980 when I was invited by Computational Mechanics in the United Kingdom to give my first Air Pollution Modeling course. The course material, in the form of transparencies, expanded, year after year, thus providing a growing working basis. In 1985, the ECC Joint Research Center in Ispra, Italy, asked me to prepare a critical survey of mathe matical models of atmospheric pollution, transport and deposition. This support gave me the opportunity to prepare a sort of "first draft" of the book, which I expanded in the following years.
