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Development Of A Strategy To Address Load Posted Bridges Through Reduction In Uncertainty In Load Ratings
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Book Synopsis Development of a Strategy to Address Load-posted Bridges Through Reduction in Uncertainty in Load Ratings by : Mary Beth Deisz Hueste
Download or read book Development of a Strategy to Address Load-posted Bridges Through Reduction in Uncertainty in Load Ratings written by Mary Beth Deisz Hueste and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the 2016 National Bridge Inventory data, the state of Texas houses over 2100 bridges posted at load levels below the legal limit. While load postings are generally a management issue, there can be commerce, traffic, and emergency egress issues. For this reason, removing postings is always of interest. Posted structures come in all shapes and sizes, were built in different eras and environments, and exhibit vastly different structural behaviors. As such, there is no clear-cut single solution for addressing the possibility of removing postings. In this study, strategies were developed to reduce uncertainty in load rating procedures in a safe and appropriate manner to potentially increase or remove the load postings of typical steel and concrete bridges. The first phase of the project focused on the detailed review and synthesis of the relevant literature, analysis of the load-posted bridge inventory in Texas, and conducting basic load rating analysis of selected typical bridge types to identify and examine controlling limit states and areas of opportunities that could lead to an increase or removal of load posting. This Volume 1 research report fully documents the state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art on load rating of existing bridges, the review and synthesis of the bridge characteristics of load-posted bridges in Texas, and the basic load rating for selected representative bridges to identify the controlling limit states that likely lead to an increased operating load for these bridges.
Book Synopsis Development of a Strategy to Address Load-posted Bridges Through Reduction in Uncertainty in Load Ratings by : Mary Beth Deisz Hueste
Download or read book Development of a Strategy to Address Load-posted Bridges Through Reduction in Uncertainty in Load Ratings written by Mary Beth Deisz Hueste and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintaining the functionality of the transportation infrastructure depends on the successful management of aging bridge assets. Departments of Transportation rely on the load rating process to evaluate the sufficiency of the bridge structures in their state, and post load restrictions if the capacity of a bridge does not meet the maximum load effect based on the current legal loads. Removing load postings is always of interest because there can be commerce, traffic, and emergency egress issues due to rerouting of vehicles. Posted structures come in various shapes and sizes, built in different eras and environments, and exhibit vastly different structural behaviors. As such, there is no clear-cut single solution for addressing the possibility of removing postings. In this study, strategies have been developed to reduce uncertainty in load rating procedure in a safe and appropriate manner to potentially increase or remove the load postings of typical steel and concrete bridges. The Volume 1 Report documents findings including a review of the state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art for load rating existing bridges, a review and synthesis of the bridge characteristics of load posted bridges in Texas, and the basic load rating analysis conducted for selected representative bridges to identify the controlling limit states. The Volume 2 Report provides details of further study for typical bridges including refined analysis for more accurate prediction of load distribution, load testing, model updating and calibration, and refined load rating analysis. This Volume 3 Report provides specific recommendations for refined load rating analysis for the four selected bridges types, and provides detailed refined load rating examples for each bridge type. The effect of each refinement on the revised load ratings is evaluated, and the implications for potentially increasing the posted loads or removal of load posting are discussed.
Book Synopsis Development of a Strategy to Address Load-posted Bridges Through Reduction in Uncertainty in Load Ratings by : Mary Beth Deisz Hueste
Download or read book Development of a Strategy to Address Load-posted Bridges Through Reduction in Uncertainty in Load Ratings written by Mary Beth Deisz Hueste and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintaining the functionality of the transportation infrastructure depends on the successful management of aging bridge assets. Departments of transportation rely on the load rating process to evaluate the sufficiency of the bridge structures in their state, and they post load restrictions if the capacity of a bridge does not meet the maximum load effect based on current legal loads. Removing load postings is always of interest because there can be commerce, traffic, and emergency egress issues due to rerouting of vehicles. Posted structures come in various shapes and sizes, are built in different eras and environments, and exhibit vastly different structural behaviors. Thus, there is no clear-cut single solution for addressing the possibility of removing postings. In this study, strategies were developed to reduce uncertainty in load rating procedures in a safe and appropriate manner to potentially increase or remove the load postings of typical steel and concrete bridges. The Volume 1 report (Hueste et al. 2019a) documented findings that included a review of the state-of-the practice and state-of-the-art for load rating existing bridges, a review and synthesis of the bridge characteristics of load-posted bridges in Texas, and the basic load rating analysis conducted for selected representative bridges to identify the controlling limit states. This Volume 2 report documents further study for typical bridges, including refined analysis for more accurate prediction of load distribution, load testing, model updating and calibration, and refined load rating analysis. The load testing of the selected load-posted bridges, along with model updating and calibration based on the field measurements, is used to determine refined load ratings to compare with the basic load ratings. The results are reviewed with respect to the implications and opportunities for load rating these bridges and similar bridge structures to potentially increase the posted loads or remove the load restrictions.
Download or read book TxDOT Project 0-6955 written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Images of slides presented at a Texas Department of Transportation workshop. Includes findings of a three-part study (Project 0-6955) performed by the Texas A&M Transportation Institute in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. In this study, strategies were developed to reduce uncertainty in load rating procedures to potentially remove the load postings of typical steel and concrete bridges in Texas that are posted at load levels below the legal limit. The presentation outlines several aproaches for reviewing load postings for steel and concrete bridges using refined methods, and discusses model updating, and impact of the methods on rating factors. The presentation ends with refined load rating guidelines that were developed from this study, along with load rating examples, and recommendations.
Book Synopsis Bridge Traffic Loading by : Eugene OBrien
Download or read book Bridge Traffic Loading written by Eugene OBrien and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is considerable uncertainty about what level of traffic loading bridges should be designed for. Codes specify notional load models, generally to represent extreme levels of normal traffic, but these are often crude and have inconsistent levels of safety for different load effects. Over the past few decades, increasing quantities of reliable truck weight data has become available and it is now possible to calculate appropriate levels of bridge traffic loading, both for specific bridges and for a road network. Bridge Traffic Loading brings together experts from all over the world to deliver not just the state-of-the-art of vertical loading, but also to provide recommendations of best-practice for all the major challenges in the field – short-span, single and multi-lane bridge loading, dynamic allowance and long-span bridges. It reviews issues that continue to be debated, such as which statistical distribution is most appropriate, whether free-flowing or congested traffic governs and dealing with future traffic growth. Specialist consultants and bridge owners should find this invaluable, as will regulators.
Book Synopsis Load Rating Strategies for Bridges With Limited Or Missing As-Built Information by : Devin K. Harris
Download or read book Load Rating Strategies for Bridges With Limited Or Missing As-Built Information written by Devin K. Harris and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Load rating is the process of determining the safe load-carrying capacity of a bridge; however, when plans and details are insufficient to determine the overall capacity of the structure, alternative methods must be used to infer what the live load capacity is. Two viable methods allowed by the AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation are the commonly used but subjective engineering judgement and the experimentally based proof testing. However, these methods suffer from limitations. Engineering judgement typically is not based on physical phenomena and creates a degree of risk in unconservative estimates or unnecessarily restricts traffic and commerce if estimates are overly conservative. On the contrary, proof testing can cause damage during testing, tends to be expensive, and cannot be extrapolated to future performance. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop rational engineering approaches for load rating structures within the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) inventory for which limited as-built information is available. The initial phase of the investigation focused on categorizing the VDOT inventory to determine the types of structures that are likely to be missing information necessary for an analytical load rating, which were identified to be short span reinforced concrete slab or T-beam designs. Subsequent phases emphasized two main approaches to load rating: (i) structural identification frameworks based on finite element model updating; and (ii) leveraged vibration response characterization. Both approaches emphasized estimating unknown characteristics of these types of structures for use in a traditional analytical load rating. These unknown parameters include modulus of elasticity and strength of concrete as well as cross-sectional area of steel reinforcement. These estimates can ultimately be used to provide a rational estimate of load ratings. All approaches were evaluated on two slab and two T-beam structures in varying condition states, which had sufficient plans available, but were treated as having varying degrees of unknown details. The results illustrated that the finite element model updating method generated load ratings that were within 0% to -17% of the load ratings developed according to conventional calculations, with negative differences indicating lower rating factor estimates; and the vibration-based simplified method led to results with a percent difference ranging from 16% to -16%. It was also shown that instrumenting bridges with a limited number of sensors is sufficient for successful implementation of the developed methods. The results from the study have been synthesized into recommendations for VDOT to perform load ratings of structures with insufficient plans or information, with the goal of minimizing the degree and complexity of experimental measurement as well as simplifying the tools for performing the analyses of these structures as much as feasible.
Book Synopsis Bridge Load Rating Utilizing Experimental Data and Finite Element Modeling by : R. Blake Greene
Download or read book Bridge Load Rating Utilizing Experimental Data and Finite Element Modeling written by R. Blake Greene and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly one-quarter of Alabama's bridges are deemed structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. An additional seven percent of Alabama's bridges were posted bridges in 2010. (Federal Highway Administration, 2011) Accurate bridge load rating can potentially reduce, and even remove, bridge postings throughout the state. Analytical structural bridge models were used to define new load ratings for ALDOT Bridges 005248, 005318, and 012296. With past methodology, engineers' ratings tend to be inaccurate. This is due to the indefinite information in regards to actual traffic loading on bridges. This inaccuracy can lead to over-estimates of bridge safety or on the contrary, excessive conservatism in repairs. Gaining further knowledge on the actual behavior of bridges with the help of analytical models can help reduce inaccuracy in calculation. The University ransportation Center for Alabama (UTCA) tasked The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) to verify analytical models from which accurate load rating could be obtained. ALDOT performed load testing and calculated ratings for bridges 005248 and 005318. The UAB team assisted ALDOT in gathering strain data for bridge 012296 via the Bridge Weigh-In-Motion (BWIM) technique. Bridge models for 005248 and 005318 proved capable of accurate load rating per data comparison as presented, and 012296 was load rated using Finite Element Modeling.
Book Synopsis Review of Load Rating and Posting Procedures and Requirements by : Mark Bowen
Download or read book Review of Load Rating and Posting Procedures and Requirements written by Mark Bowen and published by . This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All states are required to load rate and post bridges in order to comply with federal standards. Load ratings are performed in order to determine the safe live load capacity of a bridge, considering the existing conditions of the bridge. Based on the load ratings, the bridge is evaluated for load posting or strengthening. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) was notified that their practice for load rating and posting did not satisfy 23 CFR 650.313. The purpose of this study was to summarize and compare load rating and posting procedures used in other states and to provide recommendations and information necessary to modify the load rating and posting procedures in INDOT's Bridge Inspection Manual (Part 3: Load Rating) in order to satisfy 23 CFR 650.313.In order to understand how load rating and posting is performed in other states, department of transportation (DOT) manuals were examined, questionnaires were sent to states, and additional states of interest were surveyed. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) The Manual for Bridge Evaluation, Second Edition, which is the current specification for load rating and posting bridges was reviewed, as well as older AASHTO bridge evaluation manuals. Based on this information, revisions were proposed to the INDOT Bridge Inspection Manual (Part 3: Load Rating) in order to eliminate current deficiencies.
Book Synopsis Development of a Bridge Construction Live Load Analysis Guide by :
Download or read book Development of a Bridge Construction Live Load Analysis Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bridge Load Rating by : Rafael Armendariz
Download or read book Bridge Load Rating written by Rafael Armendariz and published by . This book was released on 2018-08-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inspection and evaluation of bridges in Indiana is critical to ensure their safety to better serve the citizens of the state. Part of this evaluation includes bridge load rating. Bridge load rating, which is a measure of the safe load capacity of the bridge, is a logical process that is typically conducted by utilizing critical information that is available on the bridge plans. For existing, poorly-documented bridges, however, the load rating process becomes challenging to adequately complete because of the missing bridge information. Currently, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) does not have a prescribed methodology for such bridges. In an effort to improve Indiana load rating practices INDOT commissioned this study to develop a general procedure for load rating bridges without plans. The general procedure was developed and it was concluded that it requires four critical parts. These parts are bridge characterization, bridge database, field survey and inspection, and bridge load rating. The proposed procedure was then evaluated on two bridges in Indiana that do not have plans as a proof of concept. As a result, it was concluded that load rating of bridges without plans can be successfully completed using the general procedure. A flowchart describing the general procedure was created to make the load rating process more user-friendly. Additional flowcharts that summarize the general procedure for different type of bridges were also provided.
Book Synopsis Extending the Service Life of Existing Bridges by Increasing Their Load Carrying Capacity by : Roland H. Berger
Download or read book Extending the Service Life of Existing Bridges by Increasing Their Load Carrying Capacity written by Roland H. Berger and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A catalog of bridge deficiencies is developed based on the inspection of over 140 deficient bridges located in Illinois, Florida, Pennsylvania, California, and Tennessee. A classification of structure types is developed for concrete, steel and timber bridges. Deficiencies are related to the structure classification system and a hierarchy of the most common deficiencies established. Techniques presently utilized by state highway departments to correct deficiences are described and evaluated. Several innovative techniques for increasing the load carrying capacity are also described. Utilizing these techniques, increased capacity values are developed. Cost factors are also analyzed and graphic presentations which show the relative merit of each system are presented.
Download or read book Bridge Loads written by Colin O'Connor and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-08-03 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed summary of bridge loads from an international perspective. The authors cover all aspects from the methodology behind the calculation of bridge loads and the complex interactions between loads and bridges, to economic considerations. A wide range of bridge loads are covered, including highway vehicle loads, pedestrian l
Book Synopsis Diagnostic and Proof Load Tests on Bridges by : Fikret Necati Catbas
Download or read book Diagnostic and Proof Load Tests on Bridges written by Fikret Necati Catbas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-11 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis Performance Characteristics of In-Service Bridges for Enhancing Load Ratings: Leveraging Refined Analysis Methods by : Devin K. Harris
Download or read book Performance Characteristics of In-Service Bridges for Enhancing Load Ratings: Leveraging Refined Analysis Methods written by Devin K. Harris and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge load rating assesses the safe live load carrying capacity of an existing or newly designed structure. In addition to load rating with previously defined standard load rating vehicles, the Federal Highway Administration issued additional guidance to states related to rating requirements for all the bridges with respect to specialized hauling vehicles and emergency vehicles that must be met by the end of 2022. It is recognized that the load effects (bending moment and shear) produced by these vehicle types on certain bridge types and spans might be greater than those caused by the previous rating vehicles. Therefore, a number of bridges within VDOT's inventory may require posting when rated with these specialized vehicles. The goal of this study was to assess the likelihood of an increase in load rating factors through refined analysis methods for the bridge classes potentially vulnerable to load ratings under consideration of the new federal regulations and when using conventional, simplified equations for load distribution factors. In particular, the study focused on the evaluation of live load distribution factors for girder bridges and effective widths for distributing live loads in slab bridges through refined analysis. Three bridge classes (simple span steel girder bridges, reinforced concrete T-beam bridges, and concrete slab bridges) were selected for this refined analysis. Girder bridges were modeled using the plate-with-an-eccentric-beam analysis approach, while plate elements were used to model slab bridges within the LARSA 4D software package. The selected modeling approaches were validated through the simulation of the bridge structures with available field-testing results from the literature. A total of 71 in-service bridges belonging to the three selected bridge classes were then modeled and analyzed to compute the load distribution factors for girder bridges or effective widths for slab bridges, and the results were compared with those obtained from the code-specified equations. Using the data obtained from these numerical simulations, a series of multi-parameter linear regression models were developed to predict the percent change in distribution factor and effective width, respectively, for girder and slab bridges with different geometrical characteristics if a refined method analysis is implemented. The regression models were limited to four parameters such that the results from regression models could be presented in table format. The developed tables should be used as screening tools to provide guidance on the use of refined methods of analysis to improve the load ratings of bridges vulnerable to posting from previously existing load rating classifications as well as the recently introduced vehicles. Should VDOT use refined methods of analysis, there is good potential that the agency can avoid posting a substantial portion of its inventory, saving resources for more critical needs while safely keeping Virginia's bridges open for commerce and the traveling public
Author :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Publisher :Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications and Information Center] ISBN 13 : Total Pages :136 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Load Carrying Capacity of Bridges by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Download or read book Evaluation of Load Carrying Capacity of Bridges written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications and Information Center]. This book was released on 1979 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Load Testing of Bridges by : Eva Lantsoght
Download or read book Load Testing of Bridges written by Eva Lantsoght and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Load Testing of Bridges, featuring contributions from almost fifty authors from around the world across two interrelated volumes, deals with the practical aspects, the scientific developments, and the international views on the topic of load testing of bridges. Volume 13, Load Testing of Bridges: Proof Load Testing and the Future of Load Testing, focuses first on proof load testing of bridges. It discusses the specific aspects of proof load testing during the preparation, execution, and post-processing of such a test (Part 1). The second part covers the testing of buildings. The third part discusses novel ideas regarding measurement techniques used for load testing. Methods using non-contact sensors, such as photography- and video-based measurement techniques are discussed. The fourth part discusses load testing in the framework of reliability-based decision-making and in the framework of a bridge management program. The final part of the book summarizes the knowledge presented across the two volumes, as well as the remaining open questions for research, and provides practical recommendations for engineers carrying out load tests. This work will be of interest to researchers and academics in the field of civil/structural engineering, practicing engineers and road authorities worldwide.
Book Synopsis Research Perspectives by : Peter Dawe
Download or read book Research Perspectives written by Peter Dawe and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2003 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed examination of all aspects of traffic loading and describes how design and assessment methods have evolved to deal with them.
