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Author : Mats-Erik Jonsson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (923 download)
Download or read book Development and Optimization of a Multipurpose Heat Pump for Different Climates written by Mats-Erik Jonsson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cold Climates Heat Pump Design Optimization written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat pumps provide an efficient heating method; however they suffer from sever capacity and performance degradation at low ambient conditions. This has deterred market penetration in cold climates. There is a continuing effort to find an efficient air source cold climate heat pump that maintains acceptable capacity and performance at low ambient conditions. Systematic optimization techniques provide a reliable approach for the design of such systems. This paper presents a step-by-step approach for the design optimization of cold climate heat pumps. We first start by describing the optimization problem: objective function, constraints, and design space. Then we illustrate how to perform this design optimization using an open source publically available optimization toolbox. The response of the heat pump design was evaluated using a validated component based vapor compression model. This model was treated as a black box model within the optimization framework. Optimum designs for different system configurations are presented. These optimum results were further analyzed to understand the performance tradeoff and selection criteria. The paper ends with a discussion on the use of systematic optimization for the cold climate heat pump design.
Author : D. J. Young
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (353 download)
Download or read book Optimization and Evaluation of a Northern Climate Residential Air-source Heat Pump written by D. J. Young and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vijay K. Samaymantri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (127 download)
Download or read book Development of a Numerical Code for Simulation Analysis and Optimization of Solar Assisted Heat Pump System Using Libr-water Absorption Type Chiller for Heating and Cooling of Buildings written by Vijay K. Samaymantri and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Artie Ng
Publisher : IntechOpen
ISBN 13 : 9789533074016
Total Pages : 678 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Paths to Sustainable Energy written by Artie Ng and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2010-12-30 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's reliance on existing sources of energy and their associated detrimental impacts on the environment- whether related to poor air or water quality or scarcity, impacts on sensitive ecosystems and forests and land use - have been well documented and articulated over the last three decades. What is needed by the world is a set of credible energy solutions that would lead us to a balance between economic growth and a sustainable environment. This book provides an open platform to establish and share knowledge developed by scholars, scientists and engineers from all over the world about various viable paths to a future of sustainable energy. It has collected a number of intellectually stimulating articles that address issues ranging from public policy formulation to technological innovations for enhancing the development of sustainable energy systems. It will appeal to stakeholders seeking guidance to pursue the paths to sustainable energy.
Author : Artie Ng
Publisher : IntechOpen
ISBN 13 : 9789533074016
Total Pages : 678 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Paths to Sustainable Energy written by Artie Ng and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2010-12-30 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's reliance on existing sources of energy and their associated detrimental impacts on the environment- whether related to poor air or water quality or scarcity, impacts on sensitive ecosystems and forests and land use - have been well documented and articulated over the last three decades. What is needed by the world is a set of credible energy solutions that would lead us to a balance between economic growth and a sustainable environment. This book provides an open platform to establish and share knowledge developed by scholars, scientists and engineers from all over the world about various viable paths to a future of sustainable energy. It has collected a number of intellectually stimulating articles that address issues ranging from public policy formulation to technological innovations for enhancing the development of sustainable energy systems. It will appeal to stakeholders seeking guidance to pursue the paths to sustainable energy.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book The Investigation and Optimization of a Two-Heat-Pump System Incorporating Thermal Storage for Shaping Residential Heating Load written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portland General Electric has proposed coupling one or more water tanks with two heat pumps in order to perform load-shifting in residential customer heating and cooling applications. By using the water tanks as a thermal storage unit, this project attempts to partially decouple energy consumption from generation to provide peak demand reduction and to better facilitate the integration of variable renewable energy resources. A scoping study was performed to evaluate the potential impact of this project if implemented in single family homes in Portland, Oregon. This study revealed that the system could provide meaningful savings in the cost of electricity to both the customer and utility. Additionally, an optimization algorithm was developed to dictate system operation and to maximize gains to the utility. Evolutionary algorithms were explored in an attempt to increase the effectiveness of the algorithm's search in limited computation time. Ultimately, an evolution strategy was selected as the most suitable based on tests run in winter and spring months. A genetic algorithm was then developed to handle fixed-speed heat pump operation for compatibility with an alpha-system prototype that has been developed by the research team.
Author : Kevin James Kircher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Heat Pump Aggregation, Optimization and Control written by Kevin James Kircher and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One tenth of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are caused by heating and cooling buildings. Efficient electric heat pumps could significantly reduce these emissions, but face barriers to adoption related to costs, equipment selection and installation, and other factors. The goal of this thesis is to reduce emissions by lowering barriers to heat pump adoption. To this end, we investigate heat purchase agreements (HPAs), a new model of heat pump ownership, and develop supporting methods. In an HPA, users host heat pumps owned by an aggregator. The aggregator buys the heat pumps' electricity and sells their heat or cooling output to the users. We show that HPAs can lower barriers to adoption and benefit both the aggregator and the users. We also develop a method for fairly pricing heat and cooling. An HPA aggregator is responsible for selecting an appropriate heat pump for each user under uncertainty. We develop a data-driven selection method that provides probabilistic feasibility and optimality guarantees, and illustrate the method through simulations. An HPA aggregator operates a fleet of heat pumps. If the aggregator invests in sensing, communication and control capabilities, then they can provide services to the electricity grid by perturbing the heat pumps' power use. We develop methods for co-optimizing day-ahead capacity offers for the two highest-priced services, regulation and spinning reserve. In simulations, each heat pump offers 285--325 W of combined annual-average capacity and earns $25--75 of annual revenue. Providing these services could help grid operators integrate more renewable power, and thereby reduce emissions from electricity generation.
Author : Donald Francis Elger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Design and Optimization of a Heating-only Heat Pump for Western Pacific Northwest Applications written by Donald Francis Elger and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of the conventional air-source heat pump for residential space conditioning has increased dramatically over the past decade. Historically these units have been designed as air conditioners which could also be used to provide heating. However, for the climatic region of the Western Pacific Northwest (the geographic region west of the Cascade Moutains), there is very little need for air conditioning. Furthermore, for energy conservation and reliability reasons, it would be advantageous to design a heat pump which could only be used for heating. The design presented in this thesis is for such a heating-only heat pump. The intended application is residential space heating in a climatic region exemplified by the Western Pacific Northwest. The fundamental design philosophy was to maximize the energetic efficiency of an air-to-air heat pump while constraining the first cost to a value which is comparable with present commercial heat pumps. This was begun by configuring standard off-the-shelf components in a fashion which, based on the available literature, appeared to be the best for heating-only use. Then this configuration was modeled and extensively evaluated in an effort to achieve an optimum design. This optimization was performed by modeling the heat pump on a detailed heat pump simulation code and coupling this model with a nonlinear optimization algorithm. The predicted performance of the final design is significantly higher than that of presently available heat pump units. On a steady state basis, the COPH is 3.79 at 8.3 ° C (47 °F); this is 35% higher than that of a typical commercial heat pump. On a seasonal basis the proposed design is predicted to use 67% less energy than an electric resistance heating system and 31% to 47% less electrical energy than a typical commercial unit. Because the expected first cost of the heating-only unit is comparable with present commercial units, the economic desirability of this unit is expected to be good.
Download or read book Development of a High Performance Air Source Heat Pump for the US Market written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat pumps present a significant advantage over conventional residential heating technologies due to higher energy efficiencies and less dependence on imported oil. The US development of heat pumps dates back to the 1930 s with pilot units being commercially available in the 1950 s. Reliable and cost competitive units were available in the US market by the 1960 s. The 1973 oil embargo led to increased interest in heat pumps prompting significant research to improve performance, particularly for cold climate locations. Recent increasing concerns on building energy efficiency and environmental emissions have prompted a new wave of research in heat pump technology with special emphasis on reducing performance degradation at colder outdoor air temperatures. A summary of the advantages and limitations of several performance improvement options sought for the development of high performance air source heat pump systems for cold climate applications is the primary focus of this paper. Some recommendations for a high performance cold climate heat pump system design most suitable for the US market are presented.
Author : Wenyi Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Model-free Real-time Optimization for Cold Climate Heat Pump Systems written by Wenyi Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air source heat pump (ASHP) has been a well-received technology to provide space and/or water heating for building and industrial applications, while its efficiency and heating capacity can be severely limited when operated in cold climate. Various modifications have been proposed for cold-climate operation of ASHP over the single-stage refrigeration cycle, such as vapor injection techniques and cascade configuration. However, there has been a lack of effective control strategies for such systems to maintain the optimal energy efficiency for operations across different combinations of ambient and load conditions. Previous work has paid great efforts in model based strategies, anchored on deriving system models with simulation and experimental testing. Such approaches can be prohibitively expensive due to the inherent nonlinear nature of refrigeration systems and unmeasurable equipment degradation. This dissertation investigates on model-free control strategies for real-time efficiency optimization for several configurations of cold-climate ASHP, by use of Extremum Seeking Control (ESC). By utilizing periodic dither inputs for online gradient estimation, ESC bears significant robustness against process variation and external disturbance, which has proved to be more advantageous in handling the challenging applications like heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Three types of ASHP configurations are studied in this dissertation: the internal heat exchanger vapor injection, flash-tank vapor injection, and cascade configuration. For both vapor injection ASHP configurations, the intermediate pressure setpoint is optimized by standard ESC and Newton-based ESC based on the feedback of the total power consumption, with the constant heating load considered. For the cascade ASHP, multivariable ESC is designed to handle two operational scenarios: minimizing the total power for fixed heating capacity and maximizing the coefficient of performance (COP) for variable heating capacity. For the power based ESC, the manipulated inputs include the intermediate temperature, high temperature cycle superheat and low temperature cycle superheat; while for the COP based ESC, the high- and low-temperature cycle compressor speeds and evaporator fan mass flow rate are adopted as inputs. The proposed ESC strategies are evaluated with Modelica based dynamic simulation models of the three system configurations. Simulations have been conducted under both fixed and realistic ambient temperature profiles. The simulation results show good steady-state and transient performance of real-time efficiency optimization with the proposed strategies, in terms of tracking unknown and dynamic optimum settings.
Author : Jai-Hyo Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (211 download)
Download or read book Analysis and Simulation of Dual-source Heat Pumps with Three-fluid Evaporators written by Jai-Hyo Lee and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the ambient temperature drops, air-source heat pumps deliver less heating per unit of power input and usually cannot provide for the heating load. Therefore, dual-source heat pumps can offer an attractive alternative. In the context of this work, a dual-source heat pump operates as an air-source unit under normal conditions but as a water-source unit when ambient air conditions are unfavorable. The main objective of this thesis is the analysis and computer simulation of a dual-source heat pump with a three-fluid evaporator. This includes the mathematical analysis and the development of the performance model for the three-fluid evaporator. For the two-phase state in the evaporator, the mixed model based on the Baroczy correlation was used to calculate the pressure drop and Shah's chart method was used to calculate the heat transfer coefficient. Using the three-fluid evaporator model, a dual-source heat pump model was developed based on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) model for air-source units. An optimization method, using the Modular In-Core Non-Linear Optimization System (MINOS) package, was applied to determine the optimal design variables for the evaporator. Finally, using weather data and load conditions, the annual performance factor (APF) simulation program for this heat pump was developed to obtain the optimal capacity, optimal switching temperature, minimum water temperature and so on. The results from the three-fluid evaporator model show that the developed model predicts pressure drops and overall heat transfer coefficients within 3 to 21 percent error range in comparison to experimental data. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the water-source operation of the dual-source heat pump was 20 percent greater than when the unit was operated as an air-source heat pump at 8.3 °C (47 F). Under the same conditions, the dual-source APF also reflected a 45 percent increase when compared to purely air-source operations. The nominal size of the dual-source heat pump (compressor, condenser and evaporator) can be reduced to a value three-fifths that of the air-source heat pump that would normally be specified under identical conditions.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 812 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book Bulletin de L'Institut International Du Froid written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128230878
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)
Download or read book Low Carbon Energy Technologies in Sustainable Energy Systems written by Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-08 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low Carbon Energy Technologies for Sustainable Energy Systems examines, investigates, and integrates current research aimed at operationalizing low carbon technologies within complex transitioning energy economies. Scholarly research has traditionally focused on the technical aspects of exploitation, R&D, operation, infrastructure, and decommissioning, while approaches which can realistically inform their reception and scale-up across real societies and real markets are piecemeal and isolated in separate literatures. Addressing both the technical foundations of each technology together with the sociotechnical ways in which they are spread in markets and societies, this work integrates the technoeconomic assessment of low carbon technologies with direct discussion on legislative and regulatory policies in energy markets. Chapters address issues, such as social acceptance, consumer awareness, environmental valuation systems, and the circular economy, as low carbon technologies expand into energy systems sustainability, sensitivity, and stability. This collective research work is relevant to both researchers and practitioners working in sustainable energy systems. The combination of these features makes it a timely book that is useful and attractive to university students, researchers, academia, and public or private energy policy makers. Combines socio-cultural perspectives, environmental sustainability, and economic feasibility in the analysis of low carbon energy technologies Assesses regulatory governance impacting the environmental protection and the social cohesion of environmentally-directed energy markets Reviews the carbon trade exchange, attributing economic value to carbon and enabling its trading perspectives by people, companies or countries invested in low carbon technologies
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Geothermal Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
