Development And Mechanistic Study Of Copper Based Water Oxidation Catalysts

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Development and Mechanistic Study of Copper-based Water Oxidation Catalysts

Author : Shoshanna Barnett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 115 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis Development and Mechanistic Study of Copper-based Water Oxidation Catalysts by : Shoshanna Barnett

Download or read book Development and Mechanistic Study of Copper-based Water Oxidation Catalysts written by Shoshanna Barnett and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water oxidation is a challenging reaction that has great importance for alternative energy and fuel generation. Although several water oxidation catalysts have been discovered, much improvement is needed for the technology to be viable on a global scale. In recent years, there has been focus in the development of catalysts with earth-abundant elements and, subsequently, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and iron catalysts have been reported. This dissertation discusses the discovery and study of the first reported copper-based water oxidation electrocatalyst. This catalyst is a molecular species with bipyridine and hydroxide ligands. Study of this catalyst has shown that it is among the fastest homogeneous water oxidation catalysts yet reported, with a turnover frequency of ~100 s-1. The catalyst is also relatively robust and can undergo at least 30 turnovers. Solutions of the catalyst are generated easily by reaction of bipyridine and a copper salt in a 1:1 ratio in water, followed by addition of hydroxide to obtain a solution between pH 11 and 13. The catalytic mechanism has been investigated through spectroscopic analysis to understand the speciation, electrochemical kinetics, a ligand study, and reactivity studies. While further work is still needed, these investigations have laid the groundwork for a basic understanding of the mechanism. A phenanthroline-based catalyst has also been successfully immobilized on a pyrolytic graphite electrode through physisorption. The heterogeneous catalyst shows remarkable similarities to its homogeneous counterpart. It operates at the same overpotential and activity level and displays similar pH dependent behavior. This system has important implications for catalyst immobilization in general, which is an important area of study for the development of more industrially relevant catalysts.

Development and Mechanistic Studies of Molecularly Defined Water Oxidation Catalysts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789174476262
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (762 download)

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Book Synopsis Development and Mechanistic Studies of Molecularly Defined Water Oxidation Catalysts by :

Download or read book Development and Mechanistic Studies of Molecularly Defined Water Oxidation Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Water Oxidation Catalysts

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128160837
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Water Oxidation Catalysts by :

Download or read book Water Oxidation Catalysts written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-22 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Oxidation Catalysts, Volume 74, the latest release in the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series, presents timely and informative summaries on current progress in a variety of subject areas. This acclaimed serial features reviews written by experts in the field, serving as an indispensable reference to advanced researchers. Users will find this to be a comprehensive overview of recent findings and trends from the last decade that covers various kinds of inorganic topics, ranging from theoretical oriented supramolecular chemistry, to the quest for accurate calculations of spin states in transition metals. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series Includes the latest information on water oxidation catalysts

Mechanistic Studies of Water Oxidation and Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Transition Metal Catalysts with Protic Ligands

Author : Dalton Bodine Burks
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanistic Studies of Water Oxidation and Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Transition Metal Catalysts with Protic Ligands by : Dalton Bodine Burks

Download or read book Mechanistic Studies of Water Oxidation and Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Transition Metal Catalysts with Protic Ligands written by Dalton Bodine Burks and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of energy produced in the world is derived from fossil fuels which are finite and have deleterious environmental effects. For a sustainable and environmentally-friendly energy future, alternative, renewable energy sources are desired. Two reactions that could have applications towards developing renewable energy sources are water oxidation to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide reduction to form various products (e.g. formic acid or carbon monoxide); however, these reactions require catalysts to efficiently produce the desired products. Efforts to synthesize, characterize, and study catalysts for these reactions are discussed in this dissertation. The first chapter serves as an introduction to energy-related catalytic reactions. In Chapter 2, 6,6ʹ-dihydroxybipyridine (6,6ʹ-dhbp)-a protic ligand used with several metals to produce catalysts for energy-related reactions-is studied to determine its thermodynamic acidity. In the following chapter, 6,6ʹ-dhbp is used as a ligand with copper to form complexes that are water oxidation catalysts. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on iridium and ruthenium complexes containing new bidentate ligands composed of pyridinol and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). These complexes, along with an iridium complex of 6,6ʹ-dhbp, were used as catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formate and the reverse dehydrogenation of formic acid to carbon dioxide and hydrogen. However, the complexes containing the new bidentate pyridinol-NHC ligands were found to be precatalysts as they undergo transformations and decomposition during the course of the reaction. A nickel-pincer complex with a protic CNC-pincer derived of pyridinol and NHCs was used as a photocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction in Chapter 6. The protic state of the hydroxy group in the 4-position of the pyridine ring was determined to be important for catalysis, as the deprotonated hydroxy group results in 10 times the catalytic ability as the protonated form. In the penultimate chapter, ruthenium-pincer complexes that are active carbon dioxide photoreduction catalysts are studied mechanistically by UV/vis and IR spectroscopies. The most active catalyst was studied in greater detail with real-time IR spectroscopy to help elucidate potential reaction pathways. The final chapter serves as a conclusion to summarize the results discussed in the dissertation.

Non-Noble Metal Catalysis

Author : Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527340610
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-Noble Metal Catalysis by : Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink

Download or read book Non-Noble Metal Catalysis written by Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An expert overview of current research, applications, and economic and environmental advantages The study and development of new homogeneous catalysts based on first-row metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) has grown significantly due to the economic and environmental advantages that non-noble metals present. Base metals offer reduced cost, greater supply, and lower toxicity levels than noble metals?enabling greater opportunity for scientific investigation and increased development of practical applications. Non-Noble Metal Catalysis provides an authoritative survey of the field, from fundamental concepts and computational methods to industrial applications and reaction classes. Recognized experts in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis, the authors present a comprehensive overview of the conceptual and practical aspects of non-noble metal catalysts. Examination of topics including non-innocent ligands, proton-coupled electron transfer, and multi-nuclear complexes provide essential background information, while areas such as kinetic lability and lifetimes of intermediates reflect current research and shifting trends in the field. This timely book demonstrates the efficacy of base metal catalysts in the pharmaceutical, fine-chemical, and agrochemical industries, addressing both environmental and economic concerns. Providing essential conceptual and practical exploration, this valuable resource: -Illustrates how unravelling new reactivity patterns can lead to new catalysts and new applications -Highlights the multiple advantages of using non-noble metals in homogenous catalysis -Demonstrates how the availability of non-noble metal catalysis reduces costs and leads to immense savings for the chemical industry -Reveals how non-noble metal catalysis are more sustainable than noble metals such as palladium or platinum Non-Noble Metal Catalysis: Molecular Approaches and Reactions is an indispensable source of up-to-date information for catalytic chemists, organic chemists, industrial chemists, organometallic chemists, and those seeking to broaden their knowledge of catalytic chemistry.

Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysis

Author : Antoni Llobet
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118698622
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysis by : Antoni Llobet

Download or read book Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysis written by Antoni Llobet and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-14 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalytic water splitting is a promising strategy for capturing energy from the sun by coupling light harvesting and the oxidation of water, in order to create clean hydrogen fuel. Thus a deep knowledge of the water oxidation catalysis field is essential to be able to come up with useful energy conversion devices based on sunlight and water splitting. Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysis: A Key Topic for New Sustainable Energy Conversion Schemes presents a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of water oxidation catalysis in homogeneous phase, describing in detail the most important catalysts discovered today based on first and second row transition metals. A strong emphasis is placed on the description of their performance, as well as how they work from a mechanistic perspective. In addition, a theoretical description of some of the most relevant catalysts based on DFT are presented, as well as a description of related natural systems, such as the oxygen evolving system of photosystem II and the heme chlorite-dismutase. This book is a valuable resource for researchers working on water oxidation catalysis, solar energy conversion and artificial photosynthesis, as well as for chemists and materials scientists with a broad interest in new sustainable energy conversion schemes.

Biological Inorganic Chemistry

Author : Ivano Bertini
Publisher : University Science Books
ISBN 13 : 9781891389436
Total Pages : 794 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Inorganic Chemistry by : Ivano Bertini

Download or read book Biological Inorganic Chemistry written by Ivano Bertini and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part A.: Overviews of biological inorganic chemistry : 1. Bioinorganic chemistry and the biogeochemical cycles -- 2. Metal ions and proteins: binding, stability, and folding -- 3. Special cofactors and metal clusters -- 4. Transport and storage of metal ions in biology -- 5. Biominerals and biomineralization -- 6. Metals in medicine. -- Part B.: Metal ion containing biological systems : 1. Metal ion transport and storage -- 2. Hydrolytic chemistry -- 3. Electron transfer, respiration, and photosynthesis -- 4. Oxygen metabolism -- 5. Hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur metabolism -- 6. Metalloenzymes with radical intermediates -- 7. Metal ion receptors and signaling. -- Cell biology, biochemistry, and evolution: Tutorial I. -- Fundamentals of coordination chemistry: Tutorial II.

Copper Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

Author : Gopinathan Anilkumar
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527347372
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Copper Catalysis in Organic Synthesis by : Gopinathan Anilkumar

Download or read book Copper Catalysis in Organic Synthesis written by Gopinathan Anilkumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most current information on growing field of copper catalysis Copper Catalysis in Organic Synthesis contains an up-to-date overview of the most important reactions in the presence of copper catalysts. The contributors—noted experts on the topic—provide an introduction to the field of copper catalysis, reviewing its development, scope, and limitations, as well as providing descriptions of various homo- and cross-coupling reactions. In addition, information is presented on copper-catalyzed C–H activation, amination, carbonylation, trifluoromethylation, cyanation, and click reactions. Comprehensive in scope, the book also describes microwave-assisted and multi-component transformations as well as copper-catalyzed reactions in green solvents and continuous flow reactors. The authors highlight the application of copper catalysis in asymmetric synthesis and total synthesis of natural products and heterocycles as well as nanocatalysis. This important book: Examines copper and its use in organic synthesis as a more cost-effective and sustainable for researchers in academia and industry Offers the first up-to-date book to explore copper as a first line catalyst for many organic reactions Presents the most significant developments in the area, including cross-coupling reactions, C–H activation, asymmetric synthesis, and total synthesis of natural products and heterocycles Contains over 20 contributions from leaders in the field Written for catalytic chemists, organic chemists, natural products chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, and chemists in industry, Copper Catalysis in Organic Synthesis offers a book on the growing field of copper catalysis, covering cross-coupling reactions, C–H activation, and applications in the total synthesis of natural products.

Reaction Kinetics and the Development and Operation of Catalytic Processes

Author : G.F. Froment
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080540295
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Reaction Kinetics and the Development and Operation of Catalytic Processes by : G.F. Froment

Download or read book Reaction Kinetics and the Development and Operation of Catalytic Processes written by G.F. Froment and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-04-03 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reaction Kinetics and the Development and Operation of Catalytic Processes is a trendsetter. The Keynote Lectures have been authored by top scientists and cover a broad range of topics like fundamental aspects of surface chemistry, in particular dynamics and spillover, the modeling of reaction mechanisms, with special focus on the importance of transient experimentation and the application of kinetics in reactor design. Fundamental and applied kinetic studies are well represented. More than half of these deal with transient kinetics, a new trend made possible by recent sophisticated experimental equipment and the awareness that transient experimentation provides more information and insight into the microphenomena occurring on the catalyst surface than steady state techniques. The trend is not limited to purely kinetic studies since the great majority of the papers dealing with reactors also focus on transients and even deliberate transient operation. It is to be expected that this trend will continue and amplify as the community becomes more aware of the predictive potential of fundamental kinetics when combined with detailed realistic modeling of the reactor operation.

Lectures on Electrochemical Corrosion

Author : Marcel Pourbaix
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468418068
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Lectures on Electrochemical Corrosion by : Marcel Pourbaix

Download or read book Lectures on Electrochemical Corrosion written by Marcel Pourbaix and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Workers in the field of corrosion and their students are most fortunate that a happy set of circumstances brought Dr. Marcel Pourbaix into their field in 1949. First, he was invited, while in the USA, to demonstrate at a two week visit to the National Bureau of Standards the usefulness of his electro chemical concepts to the study of corrosion. Secondly, also around the same time, Prof. H. H. Uhlig made a speech before the United Nations which pointed out the tremendous economic consequences of corrosion. Because of these circumstances, Dr. Pourbaix has reminisced, he chose to devote most of his efforts to corrosion rather than to electrolysis, batteries, geology, or any of the other fields where, one might add, they were equally valuable. This decision resulted in his establishing CEBELCOR (Centre BeIge d'Etude de la Corrosion) and in his development of a course at the Free University of Brussels entitled "Lectures on Electrochemical Corrosion." This book is the collection of these lectures translated into English.

Mechanistic Studies of Cu-catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation Reactions

Author : Scott Douglas McCann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanistic Studies of Cu-catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation Reactions by : Scott Douglas McCann

Download or read book Mechanistic Studies of Cu-catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation Reactions written by Scott Douglas McCann and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions exhibit complexities not present in similar oxidation reactions employing noble metal catalysts with traditional chemical oxidants like hypervalent iodines or peroxides. The oxidation of organic molecules involves the removal of two protons and two electrons. This inevitably requires two CuII catalyst molecules to participate in the net oxidation reaction due to the one-electron redox-state changes typically associated with Cu. Additionally, CuI must react with molecular oxygen, a ground-state triplet molecule and net four-electron oxidant, to regenerate the active CuII catalyst. Aspects of these complexities are addressed in this thesis. Nature has evolved to use Cu catalysts (often together with redox-active organic cocatalysts) to perform oxidation reactions that use O2 as the terminal oxidant. The oxidation of CuI by O2 has been the subject of extensive investigation over the past several decades, and many of these studies were inspired by enzyme active sites in biological systems. Biological systems have also revealed pathways whereby CuII can oxidize organic substrates, and several chemical Cu-based catalyst systems exhibit intriguing similarities to enzymatic active sites. Herein, studies of several chemical copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions are reported, and, in many cases, the reactivity is compared to closely related enzymatic reactions. Chapter 1 summarizes challenges, opportunities, and progress made by our research group toward achieving selective and efficient Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions. Chapter 2 describes a mechanistic study of aerobic alcohol oxidation catalyzed by Cu together with redox-active organic azodicarboxylates. Chapter 3 explains how Cu produces a redox-active organic nitroxyl cocatalyst under catalytic conditions from a simple diamine precursor. Chapter 4 details the investigation of single-electron transfer from phenol substrates to CuII.

Oxygen Reduction Reaction by Copper Complex Based Electrocatalysts

Author : Congling Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxygen Reduction Reaction by Copper Complex Based Electrocatalysts by : Congling Zhang

Download or read book Oxygen Reduction Reaction by Copper Complex Based Electrocatalysts written by Congling Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My research focuses on catalysis of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by a series of Cu(II) [copper with positive two valence] - 1,2,4-triazole complex-based electrocatalysts at the cathode of PEMFC (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell), an efficient and environmental friendly energy conversion system compared to internal combustion engines in use today. The sluggish kinetics of ORR considerably limited the performance of PEMFCs. Understanding of ORR mechanism is important for developing affordable, active and durable ORR catalysts for such devices. The first part of my work focused on improving the ORR performance of Cu(II)-1,2,4-triazole complex-based catalysts in an acidic environment by exploring synthesis conditions including carbon support pretreatment, anions of Cu(II) compounds and reactants stoichiometry. Further mechanistic study of ORR by Cu(II)-DATZ (3,5-amino-1,2,4-triazole) complex-based catalyst provided information about the Tafel slope, and reaction orders of possible reactants involved in RDS (rate-determining step). An ORR mechanism for this catalyst was proposed based on these experimental results. Electronic properties of the Cu (II)-triazole complex-based catalysts were investigated by varying the substituents on the triazole ring. Results from calculated electron densities of N in the triazole ring and ORR performance of substituted catalysts showed that electron-donating groups are more favorable for ORR catalysis in general. The last part addresses the problem of nature of Cu(II) complexes which are regarded as catalytic centers of ORR for synthesized electrocatalysts. Solid state EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectra shows that the Cu(II) centers of the five substituted catalysts bear a tetragonal coordination feature with an elongated or compressed coordination at axial positions. The design of an in situ electrochemical cell in the EPR spectrometer enables direct observation of Cu [copper] species coupling with O2 [oxygen] species in Cu-DATZ-based electrocatalyst. This technique was applied to a synthesized Cu catalyst and its pyrolyzed sample, which demonstrates the highest ORR activity among the pyrolyzed Cu catalysts reported so far. This in situ study found that the Cu(II) sites decompose rapidly in the presence of electrolyte for the pyrolyzed sample while Cu(II) acts as major active sites in the non-pyrolyzed sample during ORR catalysis.

Mechanistic Studies of the Water Oxidation Reaction with Molecular Iron Catalysts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789463326445
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanistic Studies of the Water Oxidation Reaction with Molecular Iron Catalysts by :

Download or read book Mechanistic Studies of the Water Oxidation Reaction with Molecular Iron Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts Based on Copper and Nickel Complexes

Author : Pablo Garrido Barros
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts Based on Copper and Nickel Complexes by : Pablo Garrido Barros

Download or read book Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts Based on Copper and Nickel Complexes written by Pablo Garrido Barros and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Energy Research Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Research Abstracts by :

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

ERDA Energy Research Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis ERDA Energy Research Abstracts by :

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions

Author : Gwilherm Evano
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118060458
Total Pages : 851 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions by : Gwilherm Evano

Download or read book Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions written by Gwilherm Evano and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing comprehensive insight into the use of copper in cross-coupling reactions, Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions provides a complete up-to-date collection of the available reactions and catalytic systems for the formation of carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bonds. This essential reference covers a broad scope of copper-mediated reactions, their variations, key advances, improvements, and an array of academic and industrial applications that have revolutionized the field of organic synthesis. The text also discusses the mechanism of these transformations, the use of copper as cost-efficient alternative to palladium, as well as recently developed methods for conducting copper-mediated reactions with supported catalysts.