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Development And Experimental Evaluation Of Models For Low Capillary Number Two Phase Flows In Rough Walled Fractures Relevant To Natural Gradient Conditions
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Book Synopsis Development and Experimental Evaluation of Models for Low Capillary Number Two-phase Flows in Rough Walled Fractures Relevant to Natural Gradient Conditions by : Robert J. Glass
Download or read book Development and Experimental Evaluation of Models for Low Capillary Number Two-phase Flows in Rough Walled Fractures Relevant to Natural Gradient Conditions written by Robert J. Glass and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Site Characterization Progress Report by :
Download or read book Site Characterization Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Site Characterization Progress Report: Yucca Mountain, Nevada, DOE/RW-0498, April 1997 by :
Download or read book Site Characterization Progress Report: Yucca Mountain, Nevada, DOE/RW-0498, April 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SPE Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Conceptual Models for Unsaturated and Two-Phase Flow in Fractured Rock by :
Download or read book Advanced Conceptual Models for Unsaturated and Two-Phase Flow in Fractured Rock written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project was initiated in FY03. As of December 2003, we have accomplished the following: (1) We conducted a more detailed evaluation of the preliminary experiments used to develop our investigative approach. In those experiments, water was invaded at a variety of flow rates into an air-filled, two dimensional analog fracture network. Results demonstrated the critical control that fracture intersections place on two-phase flow in fracture networks. At low flows, capillary and gravitational forces combined to create a narrow pulsing flow structure that spanned the system vertically. At higher flows, viscous forces acted to remove the pulsation; however, the flow structure remained narrow. The intersections acted to impose a narrow ''slender ladder'' structure on the flowing phase that did not expand with depth, but instead remained focused. A manuscript documenting this effort has been published in Water Resources Research [Glass et al., 2003a]. (2) We initiated a collaborative relationship with a research group at Seoul National University. This group, which is led by Dr. Kang-Kun Lee is also using a combined experimental numerical approach to consider DNAPL migration in fracture networks. They are particularly interested in the influence of ambient groundwater flows, making their work complementary to ours. The first fruit of that collaboration is an article demonstrating that modification of an Invasion Percolation algorithm to include gravity and the first-order effects of viscous forces shows good agreement with physical experiments in a simplistic fracture network. Results were published in Geophysical Research Letters [Ji et al., 2003a]. (3) We carried out an extensive review of models for fracture networks. These include models developed from observations of networks on outcrops at several scales and stochastic models that are prevalent in the literature from the 1980s to very recent developments. The results of this review were included as par t of a review paper co-authored by Rajaram, which was submitted to Reviews in Geophysics [Molz et al., in press]. (4) We prepared a manuscript based on previous work that will be used to support the development of our new conceptual model(s) for transport in fractured rock. Eight experiments were conducted to evaluate the repeatability of flow under nearly identical conditions and to characterize general patterns in flow behavior. Collected data revealed that flow generally converged to a single fracture in the bottom row of blocks. Periods of pathway switching were observed to be more common than periods with steady, constant flow pathways. We noted the importance of fracture intersections for integrating uniform flow and discharging a ''fluid cascade'', where water advances rapidly to the next capillary barrier creating a stop and start advance of water through the network. The results of this simple experiment suggest that the interaction of multiple fracture intersections in a network creates flow behavior not generally recognized in popular conceptual and numerical models. A manuscript documenting this effort has been accepted for publication in Vadose Zone Journal [Wood et al., 2003]. (5) Slender transport pathways have been found in laboratory and field experiments within unsaturated fractured rock. We considered the simulation of such structures with a Modified form of Invasion Percolation (MIP). Results show that slender pathways form in fracture networks for a wide range of expected conditions, can be maintained when subsequent matrix imbibition is imposed, and may arise even in the context of primarily matrix flow due to the action of fractures as barriers to inter-matrix block transport. A manuscript documenting this effort has been submitted to Geophysical Research Letters [Glass et al., 2003b].
Book Synopsis Two-phase Flow Visualization and Relative Permeability Measurement in Transparent Replicas of Rough-walled Rock Fractures by :
Download or read book Two-phase Flow Visualization and Relative Permeability Measurement in Transparent Replicas of Rough-walled Rock Fractures written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and quantifying multi-phase flow in fractures is important for mathematical and numerical simulation of geothermal reservoirs, nuclear waste repositories, and petroleum reservoirs. While the cubic law for single-phase flow has been well established for parallel-plate fractures theoretically and experimentally, no reliable measurements of multi-phase flow in fractures have been reported. This work reports the design and fabrication of an apparatus for visualization of two-phase flow and for measurement of gas-liquid relative permeability in realistic rough-walled rock fractures. A transparent replica of a natural rock fracture from a core specimen is fabricated by molding and casting in clear epoxy. Simultaneous flow of gas and liquid with control of capillary pressure at inlet and outlet is achieved with the Hassler ''sandwich'' design: liquid is injected to the fracture through a porous block, while gas is injected directly to the edge of the fracture through channels in the porous block. A similar arrangement maintains capillary separation of the two phases at the outlet. Pressure drops in each phase across the fracture, and capillary pressures at the inlet and outlet, are controlled by means of pumps and needle valves, and are measured by differential and absolute pressure transducers. The clear epoxy cast of the natural fracture preserves the geometry of the fracture and permits visual observation of phase distributions. The fracture aperture distribution can be estimated by filling the fracture with a dyed liquid, and making pointwise measurements of the intensity of transmitted light. A set of two-phase flow experiments has been performed which has proven the viability of the basic experimental design, while also suggesting further improvements in the apparatus. Preliminary measurements are presented for single-phase permeability to liquid, and for relative permeabilities in simultaneous flow of liquid and gas.
Book Synopsis On Two-Phase Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure OfRough-Walled Rock Fractures by :
Download or read book On Two-Phase Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure OfRough-Walled Rock Fractures written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a conceptual and numerical model of multiphase flow in fractures. The void space of real rough-walled rock fractures is conceptualized as a two-dimensional heterogeneous porous medium, characterized by aperture as a function of position in the fracture plane. Portions of a fracture are occupied by wetting and nonwetting phase, respectively, according to local capillary pressure and accessibility criteria. Phase occupancy and permeability are derived by assuming a parallel-plate approximation for suitably small subregions in the fracture plane. For log-normal aperture distributions, a simple approximation to fracture capillary pressure is obtained in closed form; it is found to resemble the typical shape of Leverett's j-function. Wetting and non-wetting phase relative permeabilities are calculated by numerically simulating single phase flows separately in the wetted and non-wetted pore spaces. Illustrative examples indicate that relative permeabilities depend sensitively on the nature and range of spatial correlation between apertures. It is also observed that interference between fluid phases flowing in a fracture tends to be strong, with the sum of wetting and nonwetting phase relative permeabilities being considerably less than 1 at intermediate saturations.
Book Synopsis Flow Visualization and Relative Permeability Measurements in Rough-walled Fractures by :
Download or read book Flow Visualization and Relative Permeability Measurements in Rough-walled Fractures written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-phase (gas-liquid) flow experiments were done in a natural rock fracture and transparent replicas of natural fractures. Liquid was injected at constant volume flow rate, and gas was injected at either constant mass flow rate or constant pressure. When gas was injected at constant mass flow rate, the gas inlet pressure, and inlet and outlet capillary pressures, generally did not reach steady state but cycled irregularly. Flow visualization showed that this cycling was due to repeated blocking and unblocking of gas flow paths by liquid. Relative permeabilities calculated from flow rate and pressure data show that the sum of the relative permeabilities of the two phases is much less than 1, indicating that each phase interferes strongly with the flow of the other. Comparison of the relative permeability curves with typical curves for porous media (Corey curves) show that the phase interference is stronger in fractures than in typical porous media.
Book Synopsis Geological Carbon Storage by : Stéphanie Vialle
Download or read book Geological Carbon Storage written by Stéphanie Vialle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids. Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity offers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caprock failure and integrity Potential environmental impacts of carbon dioxide migration on groundwater resources Carbon dioxide leakage mitigation and remediation techniques Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity is an invaluable resource for geoscientists from academic and research institutions with interests in energy and environment-related problems, as well as professionals in the field.
Book Synopsis Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone by : National Research Council
Download or read book Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid flow and solute transport within the vadose zone, the unsaturated zone between the land surface and the water table, can be the cause of expanded plumes arising from localized contaminant sources. An understanding of vadose zone processes is, therefore, an essential prerequisite for cost-effective contaminant remediation efforts. In addition, because such features are potential avenues for rapid transport of chemicals from contamination sources to the water table, the presence of fractures and other channel-like openings in the vadose zone poses a particularly significant problem, Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone is based on the work of a panel established under the auspices of the U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics. It emphasizes the importance of conceptual models and goes on to review the conceptual model development, testing, and refinement processes. The book examines fluid flow and transport mechanisms, noting the difficulty of modeling solute transport, and identifies geochemical and environmental tracer data as important components of the modeling process. Finally, the book recommends several areas for continued research.
Book Synopsis Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow by : National Research Council
Download or read book Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-27 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific understanding of fluid flow in rock fracturesâ€"a process underlying contemporary earth science problems from the search for petroleum to the controversy over nuclear waste storageâ€"has grown significantly in the past 20 years. This volume presents a comprehensive report on the state of the field, with an interdisciplinary viewpoint, case studies of fracture sites, illustrations, conclusions, and research recommendations. The book addresses these questions: How can fractures that are significant hydraulic conductors be identified, located, and characterized? How do flow and transport occur in fracture systems? How can changes in fracture systems be predicted and controlled? Among other topics, the committee provides a geomechanical understanding of fracture formation, reviews methods for detecting subsurface fractures, and looks at the use of hydraulic and tracer tests to investigate fluid flow. The volume examines the state of conceptual and mathematical modeling, and it provides a useful framework for understanding the complexity of fracture changes that occur during fluid pumping and other engineering practices. With a practical and multidisciplinary outlook, this volume will be welcomed by geologists, petroleum geologists, geoengineers, geophysicists, hydrologists, researchers, educators and students in these fields, and public officials involved in geological projects.
Book Synopsis Two-Phase Flow Simulations In a Natural Rock Fracture Using the VOF Method by :
Download or read book Two-Phase Flow Simulations In a Natural Rock Fracture Using the VOF Method written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standard models of two-phase flow in porous media have been shown to exhibit several shortcomings that might be partially overcome with a recently developed model based on thermodynamic principles (Hassanizadeh and Gray, 1990). This alternative two-phase flow model contains a set of new and non-standard parameters, including specific interfacial area. By incorporating interfacial area production, destruction, and propagation into functional relationships that describe the capillary pressure and saturation, a more physical model has been developed. Niessner and Hassanizadeh (2008) have examined this model numerically and have shown that the model captures saturation hysteresis with drainage/imbibition cycles. Several static experimental studies have been performed to examine the validity of this new thermodynamically based approach; these allow the determination of static parameters of the model. To date, no experimental studies have obtained information about the dynamic parameters required for the model. A new experimental porous flow cell has been constructed using stereolithography to study two-phase flow phenomena (Crandall et al. 2008). A novel image analysis tool was developed for an examination of the evolution of flow patterns during displacement experiments (Crandall et al. 2009). This analysis tool enables the direct quantification of interfacial area between fluids by matching known geometrical properties of the constructed flow cell with locations identified as interfaces from images of flowing fluids. Numerous images were obtained from two-phase experiments within the flow cell. The dynamic evolution of the fluid distribution and the fluid-fluid interface locations were determined by analyzing these images. In this paper, we give a brief introduction to the thermodynamically based two-phase flow model, review the properties of the stereolithography flow cell, and show how the image analysis procedure has been used to obtain dynamic parameters for the numerical model. These parameters include production/destruction of interfacial area as a function of saturation and capillary pressure. Our preliminary results for primary drainage in porous media show that the specific interfacial area increased linearly with increasing gas saturation until breakthrough of the displacing gas into the exit manifold occurred.
Book Synopsis On the Formulation and Numerical Evaluation of a Set of Two-phase Flow Equations Modelling the Cooldown Process by : Stephen Jarvis
Download or read book On the Formulation and Numerical Evaluation of a Set of Two-phase Flow Equations Modelling the Cooldown Process written by Stephen Jarvis and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Two-dimensional Flow Modeling by : Robert C. MacArthur
Download or read book Two-dimensional Flow Modeling written by Robert C. MacArthur and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Single- and Two-phase Flow in a Rough-walled Fracture by :
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Single- and Two-phase Flow in a Rough-walled Fracture written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Micro-scale Experimental Investigations of Multi-phase Flow Through Fractured Porous Media by : Maziar Arshadi
Download or read book Micro-scale Experimental Investigations of Multi-phase Flow Through Fractured Porous Media written by Maziar Arshadi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present the results of systematic micro-scale experimental investigations of multi-phase flow through fractured rock samples under a wide range of flow conditions. The results of the study have direct applications in fluid flow through fractures in conventional reservoirs and hydraulically-induced fractures in ultra-tight unconventional reservoirs. We generate high-resolution, three-dimensional maps of fluid distribution within a rough-walled fracture and its neighboring matrix using a miniature water-wet, fractured sandstone core sample. These maps along with steady-state pressure drop data are then used to shed light on the dominant flow mechanisms and preferential flow paths through the matrix and fracture domains as well as fluid transfer between them during numerous drainage and imbibition displacement cycles. Due to the topology of the fracture in the medium and the magnitude of the local capillary pressures that are established under varying flow conditions, different flow mechanisms govern the transport of the wetting phase through the fracture and matrix, i.e., fracture layer flow, fracture bulk flow, and advancement through matrix pores. The competition between these transport mechanisms is regulated by the medium as it identifies the flow path with minimum pressure drop from the inlet to the outlet of the hybrid matrix-fracture system. The resulting balance determines the magnitude of fluid transfer experienced by the neighboring matrix and ultimate recovery as a result. In the second category of the experiments, we probe two- and three-phase flow displacement processes in proppant-packed fractured shale samples under varying stress conditions. Three sets of experiments are performed to represent the fluid flow behavior through hydraulic fractures in shale oil, shale gas, and shale gas-condensate reservoirs, respectively. In each set of experiments, we study geomechanical deformation and consequent multi-phase flow factors that reduce effective hydrocarbon permeability that in turn results in early production loss in the above-mentioned unconventional reservoirs. We examine various types of proppants including regular sand, white sand, resin-coated sand, and ISP ceramic. Different packings of the proppants including multi-layer, uniform mono-layer, and non-uniform mono-layer, are also tested under severe closure stress conditions. For the first time, wettability alteration of proppant packs due to severe embedment and deposition of shale organic matter is reported at the pore scale. Significantly improved insight developed in this work can be used to design new proppants to effectively maintain hydraulic conductivity of the fractures for extended period of time.
Book Synopsis Experiments and Evaluation of Chaotic Behavior of Dripping Waterin Fracture Models by :
Download or read book Experiments and Evaluation of Chaotic Behavior of Dripping Waterin Fracture Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory experiments of water seepage in smooth and rough-walled, inclined fracture models were performed and the monitoring data analyzed for evidence of chaos. One fracture model consisted of smooth, parallel glass plates separated by 0.36 mm. The second model was made with textured glass plates. The fracture model was inclined 60{sup o} from the horizontal. Water was delivered to the fracture model through a capillary tube in contact with the top fracture edge at constant flow rates. Three types of capillary tubes were used: (1) a stainless steel blunt needle of 0.18 mm ID for flow rates of 0.25 to 4 mL/hr, (2) a nylon tube of 0.8 mm ID for flow rates of 0.25 to 10 mL/hr, and (3) a glass tube of 0.75 mm ID for flow rates of 0.5 to 20 mL/hr. Liquid pressure was monitored upstream of the capillary tube. Visual observations showed that water seeped through the fracture models in discrete channels that underwent cycles of snapping and reforming. Observations also showed that liquid segments, or drips, detached at different points along the water channel. The measured liquid pressure responded to the growth and detachment of drips. Separate experiments were carried out to measure pressure time-trends for dripping into open air to compare these data with those obtained in fracture models. Analysis of the pressure time-trends included determination of the time lag from the minimum of the average mutual information function, the local and global embedding dimensions, Lyapunov exponents and the Lyapunov dimension, the Hurst exponent and the entropy as a function of the embedding dimension for each data set. Most of the water pressure data contain oscillations exhibiting chaotic behavior, with local embedding dimensions ranging from 3 to 10, and global embedding dimensions one to two units higher. The higher dimensionality of some of the data sets indicates either the presence of high-dimensional chaos or a significant random component. It was determined that the flow rate, which affects seepage behavior and is reflected in the pressure measurements, is inversely correlated with the Hurst exponent. This supports the hypothesis that at higher flow rates, the random component of seepage behavior (as represented by liquid pressure) increases. However, there was no simple, consistent correlation between the trends for the other diagnostic parameters of chaos and flow rate. Three-dimensional plots of selected data sets in pseudo-phase space exhibit definite structures with some scattering of data points on the attractor. All the analyses confirm that the pressure time trends that describe flow behavior are mostly characterized by low-dimensional, deterministic chaotic dynamics with some random component.
