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Development And Application Of A Portable System To Reliably Measure Grip Forces Using Thin Film Force Sensors
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Book Synopsis Development and Application of a Portable System to Reliably Measure Grip Forces Using Thin-film Force Sensors by : Shane Vincent Tornifoglio
Download or read book Development and Application of a Portable System to Reliably Measure Grip Forces Using Thin-film Force Sensors written by Shane Vincent Tornifoglio and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development and Assessment of a Coupling Force Measurement System Applied to Stationary and Vibrating Tool Handles by : Mayank Kalra
Download or read book Development and Assessment of a Coupling Force Measurement System Applied to Stationary and Vibrating Tool Handles written by Mayank Kalra and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) arising from operating hand-held power tools has been associated with various health consequences. The magnitude of HTV is strongly affected by the hand-handle interface coupling forces, handle geometry and gripping method apart. Assessment of the HTV exposure currently does not incorporate the impact of coupling forces exerted at the hand-handle interface, mostly due to lack of reliable measurement methods for hand-handle interface forces. This dissertation seeks to develop a low cost hand-handle coupling force measurement system and methods for quantifying the hand grip and push forces applied to the tool handles. A hand-handle interface force measurement system was developed using flexible force sensing resistors (FlexiForce). The static properties of the sensors were thoroughly characterized in terms of linearity, hysteresis and repeatability. Moreover, the sensors’ output characteristics were observed by considering the effect of positioning, area and flexibility of the loading medium used to transmit the applied forces. Five different cylindrical and elliptical instrumented handles were subsequently chosen to observe the input-output characteristics of the sensors under stationary and vibrating conditions. The measurements under static and dynamic conditions revealed good linearity and repeatability of the sensors, and affirmed their feasibility for accurate estimations of the hand grip and push forces. The sensors’ outputs also showed strong dependence on the loading medium’s area, position and flexibility as well as the length of the sensor suggesting the need for individual sensor calibration, which was noted as the primary limitation of the system. The effectiveness of the measurement system was further explored through measurements of hand forces on a percussion tool handle and biodynamic responses of the human hand-arm system. The measurement system provided reasonably good estimations of the hand grip and push forces when applied to the percussion tool handle under both stationary as well as vibration conditions. The biodynamic impedance responses measured with six subjects showed trends similar to the reference response. However, a compensation function was necessary and subsequently proposed to account for the limited bandwidth of the sensors.
Book Synopsis Force Image Cell Sensor BioMEMS Device Design Using PVDF Thin Film by : Edward A. Meier
Download or read book Force Image Cell Sensor BioMEMS Device Design Using PVDF Thin Film written by Edward A. Meier and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the development of a sensor based on a microstructured piezoelectric thin film on a CCD to measure these cell forces. First, a model was designed to show the feasibility of such a device. The model provided a theoretical range of forces that can be expected from the device. The model showed that each pillar would be capable of measuring forces from about 26fN/s to 100pN/s, which correlated with the forces measure by other cellular force sensors. Finally, a prototype device was created as a proof of concept. This device reacted to force stimuli and gave results that were expected.
Book Synopsis Design of Biomechanical Sensor System for Laboratory- and Field-based Measurements of Hand-arm Vibration Exposures and Palm and Finger Forces by : Simon Kudernatsch
Download or read book Design of Biomechanical Sensor System for Laboratory- and Field-based Measurements of Hand-arm Vibration Exposures and Palm and Finger Forces written by Simon Kudernatsch and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in High Bandwidth Nanomechanical Force Sensors with Integrated Actuation by : Joseph Carl Doll
Download or read book Advances in High Bandwidth Nanomechanical Force Sensors with Integrated Actuation written by Joseph Carl Doll and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life is built upon mechanical forces, which play a central role in everything from cell division to embryonic development. Rather than acting as passive mechanical elements, cells and molecules sense and actively respond to mechanical loads. One example of cellular force sensing is mechanotransduction, the conversion of mechanical energy into an electrical signal, which underlies our senses of hearing, touch and balance. For example, the cochlear hair cells in your inner ear are exquisitely sensitive and fast, capable of sensing piconewton-scale forces at the microsecond-time scale. But in order to understand such fast mechanotransduction processes we must first be able to apply and measure small, fast forces. A variety of instruments have been developed for the precise measurement of atomic-scale forces and displacements in the past 25 years. The most commonly used techniques are atomic force microscopy, magnetic tweezers, and optical tweezers. Each provides a tradeoff in force, displacement and time resolution, but none of them are capable of applying and detecting forces fast enough for the study of cochlear hair cells. In order to address this technological gap we have developed microfabricated force probes for the application and measurement of forces at the piconewton- and microsecond-scale. In order to simultaneously achieve a high resonant frequency (20-400 kHz in air, 10-100 kHz in water), low spring constant (0.3-40 mN/m) and low minimum detectable force (1-100 pN), the probes are roughly 300 nm thick, 1 micron wide and 30-200 microns long. Force applied to the cantilever tip is transduced into a voltage by a piezoresistive silicon strain gauge that is embedded in the beam. Actuation is accomplished through a piezoelectric aluminum nitride film or a resistively heated aluminum film to enable high-speed operation without spurious resonant modes. The probes are mass produced on silicon wafers using conventional batch fabrication techniques, and their dimensions are individually adjusted lithographically to accommodate a wide range of desired force and time resolutions. Optics are not required for sensing or actuation so the probes can be integrated with any standard upright up inverted microscope. This thesis presents the design, fabrication and characterization of the force probes. Several enabling technologies and techniques were developed in the process. We will begin by discussing the mechanical, electrical and thermal design of the force probes with an emphasis on piezoresistor design. Numerical design optimization is utilized to satisfy the numerous design and performance constraints. Next, the seven- and nine-mask fabrication processes used to manufacture the thermally and piezoelectrically actuated probes will be presented. The sensing and actuation performance of the probes will be individually addressed before discussing their integration, particularly crosstalk compensation. Finally, preliminary data on the measurement of mammalian hair cell kinetics will be presented and possible future directions will be discussed. The improved design, fabrication and circuit methodologies described here enable numerous performance improvements over prior work. For example, piezoresistive cantilever force resolution is improved 10-20 fold over prior cantilevers of comparable thickness. Similarly, the crosstalk between the piezoelectric actuator and piezoresistor sensor are 10-fold smaller than the best results reported to date.
Book Synopsis Development of a Methodology for Integrated Performance Analyses of Anti-vibration Gloves for Controlling the Hand-transmitted Vibration by : Yumeng Yao
Download or read book Development of a Methodology for Integrated Performance Analyses of Anti-vibration Gloves for Controlling the Hand-transmitted Vibration written by Yumeng Yao and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) arising from hand-held power tools has been associated with an array of disorders of the hand-arm system, collectively referred to as the hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). The risk of HAVS among hand-held power tools operators has been related to the nature of HTV exposure and the mechanical coupling of the hand with a tool handle, which is neglected in the current standardized exposure assessment method (ISO 5349, 2001). Anti-vibration (AV) gloves are considered as convenient and effective means to reduce exposure to HTV. The effectiveness of AV gloves is, invariably, assessed on the basis of the handle vibration transmitted to the palm of the hand. The method does not consider the vibration responses of the fingers, which differ significantly from that of the palm. The AV gloves adversely influence the manual dexterity and grip strength of the operators, which are considered as primary factors discouraging the usage of AV gloves. The current standardized method, however, does not consider the loss of dexterity and grip strength caused by wearing these gloves. This thesis proposes a methodology for evaluating the integrated performance of AV gloves, considering the distributed vibration transmission to the palm and fingers through gloves, manual dexterity and grip strength. In order to establish the methodology, independent experiments were designed to quantify each performance measure. Three series of experiments were designed to evaluate vibration responses distributed over the palm and fingers, manual dexterity and grip strength performance of gloves. Each experiment design involved ten different gloves and 15 adult male subjects. Viscoelastic properties of vibration isolation materials used in the AV gloves were also characterized under a constant preload. In the first series, the fine fingers and hand dexterity were investigated using the Two-Hand Turing & Placing Minnesota and ASTM F2010 methods. Subsequently, the handle vibration transmitted to the palm and mid phalanges of the index and middle fingers of the glove hand were measured along the three translational axes using the palm and fingers' adapters, respectively. In the final series, the influence of AV gloves on the operator's grip strength were investigated via direct as well as indirect methods. A flexible thin-film hand sensor was designed and verified for direct measurement of the contact force developed at the rigid as well as flexible hand-handle, and hand-glove interfaces. The activities of four different forearm muscles were also measured via surface electromyography (EMG) under different hand grip forces imposed by the gloved hand.The correlations among the individual performance measures of AV gloves and the material properties were analyzed via Pearson's correlation coefficient, which provided essential knowledge on the roles of design factors and the design guidance. A relationship among the hand grip, push and contact forces imposed on flexible hand-handle was developed via multiple linear regression analysis. The individual measures of AV gloves were also analyzed via two-factor repeated analyses of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to evaluate significance of different independent variables such as glove type, test method, frequency range, and hand grip force. The glove type yielded significant effect on all the measures (p0.05). Post-Hoc tests were subsequently conducted via Bonferroni and Tukey HSD (honest significant difference) test for discriminating difference among the gloves. The combination of extensor carpi radialis longus (ECR) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles activities revealed highest sensitivity to discriminate among gloves and could serve as an effective indirect measure of the grip strength performance. Increasing the glove thickness resulted in improved vibration isolation by the glove but reduced manual dexterity and enhanced muscles activities. Strong correlation was observed between the material stiffness and wh-weighted palm vibration transmissibility in the high frequency range (r0.90), while a weak correlation was evident between the manual dexterity and the wp-weighted fingers' vibration transmissibility. Strong positive correlations were observed among the palm vibration isolation, material properties and material thickness in the 25-1250 Hz frequency range.The results also revealed conflicting glove design requirements imposed by the individual measures. A methodology based on analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed to identify weightings for the conflicting performance measures for the given work condition, classified in accordance with the frequency ranges of predominant vibration (low and high), as defined in ISO-10819 (2013) together with assembly/disassembly tasks. An integrated performance index is identified and applied to rank five different AV gloves with known individual performance measures for identifying the most desirable glove.
Book Synopsis A Novel Grip Force Measurement Concept for Tactile Stimulation Mechanisms by : Guy Bitton
Download or read book A Novel Grip Force Measurement Concept for Tactile Stimulation Mechanisms written by Guy Bitton and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We developed a new grip force measurement concept that allows for embedding tactilestimulation mechanisms in a gripper. This concept is based on a single force sensor to measurethe force applied on each side of the gripper, and substantially reduces tactor motion artifacts onforce measurement. To test the feasibility of this new concept, we built a device that measures control of grip force in response to a tactile stimulation from a moving tactor. We calibrated andvalidated our device with a testing setup with a second force sensor over a range of 0 to 20 Nwithout movement of the tactors. We tested the effect of tactor movement on the measured gripforce, and measured artifacts of 1% of the measured force. We demonstrated that during theapplication of dynamically changing grip forces, the average errors were 2.9% and 3.7% for theleft and right sides of the gripper, respectively. We characterized the bandwidth, backlash, andnoise of our tactile stimulation mechanism. Finally, we conducted a user study and found that inresponse to tactor movement, participants increased their grip force, the increase was larger fora smaller target force, and depended on the amount of tactile stimulation. -- Abstract.
Book Synopsis Studies On The Development Of Piezoelectric Thin Flm Based Impact Sensor by :
Download or read book Studies On The Development Of Piezoelectric Thin Flm Based Impact Sensor written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensors is one of the major areas of current research. Thin film micro/nano sensors are gaining attention worldwide, as there is necessity of miniaturization. There are varieties of sensors available by utilizing different materials in bulk and thin film form for measuring parameters like temperature, pressure, flow, humidity etc. Apart from these, there are various sensors available to measure impact force. Impact sensor offers potential application possibilities in robotics, aerospace, structural & mechanical engineering and related areas. Many physical principles have been explored for the realization of impact sensor. The present thesis reports the efforts made in developing impact sensor using piezoelectric thin film. The necessary brief background information on impact sensors is presented in Chapter 1. This includes the description of available literature on impact sensors and their probable applications. In Chapter 2, a review of the various techniques such as thin film deposition techniques, film thickness measurement techniques, thin film characterization techniques, used in our work are explained in detail. Chapter 3 explains the direct and indirect methods of characterization used for confirming the piezoelectric property of zinc oxide thin films. The detailed experimental work carried out in realizing the impact sensor using piezoelectric thin films is presented in chapter 4. This includes design of the sensor, calibration setup used & the procedure followed and results obtained. Finally, we present the summary of the work carried out in the thesis, conclusions arrived at and the scope for carrying out further work in the direction of making the sensor more efficient.
Book Synopsis Development and Testing of a Portable Force Sensing System for Biomechanical Assessment of Actual Workplace Settings by : Brent Patrick Carmichael
Download or read book Development and Testing of a Portable Force Sensing System for Biomechanical Assessment of Actual Workplace Settings written by Brent Patrick Carmichael and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel forceshoe sensors were developed and compared to existing forceplate force transducer technology. The forceshoe measurements agreed adequately with the forceplates. The forceshoes and forceplates were used to investigate spinal loading of participants during different phases of the patient sling insertion task to see if foot placement constraints such as the forceplate system affected the participants' behaviour and spinal loading. Ten female participants were asked to place a sling under a patient actor. Biomechanical assessments considered loading at the L5/S1 level and psychophysical measures were collected on each participant's ratings of perceived exertion. The highest peak and median loads occurred during the "roll-away" and "leg-strap-alignment" phases. High cumulative loads were encountered during these phases as well as the "tuck-sling" phase. Also, it was found that participants moved their feet less when told to stand within the forceplate boundaries. Wearing the forceshoes was not found to affect spinal loading.
Book Synopsis Development and Application of In-fibre Bragg Grating Contact Force Sensors for Application to the Human Hip by : Christopher Raymond Stuart Dennison
Download or read book Development and Application of In-fibre Bragg Grating Contact Force Sensors for Application to the Human Hip written by Christopher Raymond Stuart Dennison and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents contact force sensors that are based on an emerging fibre-optic sensing technology, the in-fibre Bragg grating (FBG), for contact force measurements between cartilage surfaces in the human hip. There are two main motivations for force measurement in hips (and other joints). First, there is clinical evidence that suggests excessive force magnitude and duration can cause painful degeneration of joints. Second, insights from ex vivo force measurements during simulated physiologic loading are the basis of the rationale for corrective surgeries meant to halt degeneration and restore proper joint function by restoring natural joint mechanics. The current standard tools for force measurements in joints are force/stress sensitive films. There are problems associated with inserting these films into joints that affect the force/stress measurements. To insert the films, the joint must be dissected of surrounding soft tissues and, ultimately, the joint must be taken apart (disarticulated). Following disarticulation, films are fixed to cartilage surfaces, and the joint is re-assembled so that physiologic loads can be applied. The negative consequence of dissection and disarticulation is that the natural mechanics of the intact joint are permanently lost and, therefore, film measurements do not indicate the actual joint mechanics. Moreover, covering cartilage surfaces with rigid films alters the natural contact mechanics of the joint. The force sensors presented in this dissertation are designed for local force measurement over the region of the optical fibre containing the FBG and address limitations of force/stress sensitive films. The FBG force sensors are extremely small (major diameters ranging from 0.165 mm to 0.24 mm) and can be inserted into joint spaces without dissection of soft tissues and disarticulation thereby allowing the joint to remain intact. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that FBG sensor measurements are less affected by the mechanical properties of cartilage than are film sensors. The sensors presented in this dissertation also address limitations with previous FBG based force sensors and are the first application of FBGs in intact human hips. The sensors are smaller, and therefore less invasive, and insensitive to orientation, axial strain and temperature, unlike other FBG sensors presented in the literature.
Book Synopsis Development of a Capacitive MEMS Force Sensor for Touchscreen Applications by : ALI OMAR NASSER. BANSS
Download or read book Development of a Capacitive MEMS Force Sensor for Touchscreen Applications written by ALI OMAR NASSER. BANSS and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the design and development of a capacitive MEMS force sensor to overcome the limitations associated with current force sensors used in touchscreens. The sensor uses two elastic materials that provide a dual-range of force sensitivity ensuring the sensor is able to sense light touch forces and able to withstand heavy ones. The fabrication process of the sensor was developed at the Toronto Nano Fabrication Centre at the University of Toronto. The fabricated sensor was experimentally tested to measure forces ranging from 50 mN to 5 N, with a force threshold of 625 mN that defines the boundary between the high sensitive region for light touches and the moderate sensitivity region. Sensor sensitivity was found to be 3.728pF/N (19.12 %∆C/N) in the first force region with maximum nonlinearity of 0.118 pF. In the second region, the sensitivity was 0.3194 pF (3.2 %∆C/N) with maximum nonlinearity of 0.3194 pF.
Book Synopsis Design of a Three-component Force Sensor for Meso-milling Applications by : Fu Shao
Download or read book Design of a Three-component Force Sensor for Meso-milling Applications written by Fu Shao and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design and Development of a Net Force Sensor by : W. P. Barnes
Download or read book Design and Development of a Net Force Sensor written by W. P. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design concepts and development status of a device for measurement of transient aerodynamic forces, with particular application to the study of blast effects on models, are described. The sensor developed is of the type which measures the reaction forces between the model and its supporting structure by the use of piezoelectric crystal elements. Moderate success has been achieved in verifying the design concepts used; however, additional development would be required to make this device a useful tool for research on blast loading on models.
Book Synopsis Development and Testing of an Application Specific Force Sensor for Snowpack Assessment by : Samuel Tileston Whittemore
Download or read book Development and Testing of an Application Specific Force Sensor for Snowpack Assessment written by Samuel Tileston Whittemore and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snow penetrometers create a specific application for a force sensor with specifications that are over achieved at great cost when using traditional load cells. A moderately priced, compact force sensor suitable for this application does not exist, and numerous force-sensing technologies were investigated, from spring and displacement transducer combinations, to strain gauges mounted on plastics, to pressure transducers. The high dynamic range, linearity, and electrical simplicity of low-cost piezo-resistive pressure sensors lent well to rapidly developing a working design on a small budget. Preliminary prototypes show promising results where the natural frequency requirement is 60% above the target specification at wn = 10497 rad/s +/- 92 rad/s. The sensor is nearly ideally damped with damping ratio, [zeta] = .43 +/- .04. A linear model results in acceptable hysteretic error for mid and upper range force values, but the sensor performs inaccurately below 2.8 N (greater than 20% error). While the sensor's performance isn't perfect for all criteria, snowpack simulation tests suggest that the sensor's shortcomings are acceptable for the targeted application of measuring relative snow hardness.
Book Synopsis Design and Testing of a Prototype Gripper for a Wheelchair Mounted Robot by : Koushik R. Barhale
Download or read book Design and Testing of a Prototype Gripper for a Wheelchair Mounted Robot written by Koushik R. Barhale and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on these parameters, a prototype was developed. Force sensors were used to monitor the gripping forces. The data was acquired using a Data Acquisition System. The gripping forces were measured using a Labview program that utilized the force-voltage relationship for the sensor. This relationship was obtained by performing calibration experiments. The performance of the prototype was tested using objects that are used in everyday environment and was analyzed by conducting a set of experiments. A relay circuit was designed that would stop the motors once the gripping forces exceeded a threshold value for a given object. This avoided any damage to the object during the gripping process. The gripping forces measured were found to be in close agreement to the theoretically calculated force values.
Book Synopsis A Psychophysical Investigation of Grip Types with Specific Application to Job Rotation by : Kristen Elaine McFall
Download or read book A Psychophysical Investigation of Grip Types with Specific Application to Job Rotation written by Kristen Elaine McFall and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Christopher Friedrich Reiche Publisher :Tudpress Verlag Der Wissenschaften Gmbh ISBN 13 :9783959080682 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (86 download)
Book Synopsis Novel sensors for scanning force microscopy based on carbon nanotube mechanical resonators by : Christopher Friedrich Reiche
Download or read book Novel sensors for scanning force microscopy based on carbon nanotube mechanical resonators written by Christopher Friedrich Reiche and published by Tudpress Verlag Der Wissenschaften Gmbh. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic mode scanning force microscopy is a versatile method for studying forces and force-related properties close to a sample's surface with sub-nanometer resolution. The measurement principle of this method is based on mechanically exciting a force sensor consisting of a cantilever beam with a sharp interaction tip at its free end to oscillations close to or at its resonance frequency. Interactions between the sample and the tip alter the resonance frequency of the cantilever beam and the corresponding changes in its oscillatory state can be used to reconstruct sample properties. In this book a new bidirectional sensor concept is explored that allows for the measurement of perpendicular and lateral force components or their derivatives, respectively. The experiments with these novel force sensors focus on magnetostatic interactions by using special interaction tips consisting of iron-filled carbon nanotubes. It is shown that by calculating the mechanical properties of the cantilever beams and the magnetic behavior of the interaction tips quantitative evaluation of data measured with the bidirectional sensor is possible. Furthermore, a new co-resonant sensor concept is introduced to enhance the bidirectional scanning force microscopy sensors. This concept can be used to combine the ease-of-detection of micromechanical oscillators with the superior interaction sensing capabilities of nanoscaled mechanical resonator systems such as carbon nanotubes. The corresponding validation experiments demonstrate scanning force microscopy based on the resonant oscillations of a carbon nanotube.
