Developing Cross Cultural Exchange Projects

Download Developing Cross Cultural Exchange Projects full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Developing Cross Cultural Exchange Projects ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Developing Cross-Cultural Exchange Projects

Author : Ai-Ling Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536161601
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (616 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Developing Cross-Cultural Exchange Projects by : Ai-Ling Wang

Download or read book Developing Cross-Cultural Exchange Projects written by Ai-Ling Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Developing Cross-Cultural Exchange Projects: A Step-by-Step Guide aims at providing readers with a systematic guide to cross-cultural encounters, either at home or abroad, in a globalizing era. It is a useful and a valuable guide for teachers, students, school heads and administrators, agencies of language proficiency tests, police makers, material developers, owners and managers of multicultural corporates, and other non-governmental organizations. Different groups of readers can find useful parts of information based on their needs and objectives. It is especially useful for professors in higher education and practitioners of cross-cultural exchange projects because the book is organized in a sequential manner to guide them step by step to reach their goal, starting from the initial design of the project and the research method and recruiting students to evaluation of the students and the entire project at the final stage of the project. For students who are planning to work on their higher degree in a foreign country, this book covers much useful information for them to make the best decision before they head for a foreign country. Cross-cultural exchanges in this book is defined broadly to cover anything involving people from different cultures, including student mobility, teacher mobility, cross-border collaborations or partnerships, working abroad, and distance education. One of the important features of this book is that it covers a considerable number of examples and empirical studies reported by practitioners of different types of cross-cultural exchange projects. Readers may learn from their experiences of success or failure so that they may feel easier and more comfortable to be prepared for their forthcoming cross-cultural experiences. Finally, in the last chapter, the author envisions the future of cross-cultural exchanges to remind readers that cross-cultural exchanges, like globalization, is dynamic and an on-going practice. The future of cross-cultural exchanges will surely change in accordance with the change of the global community. Practitioners of cross-cultural exchanges need to be aware of the subtle differences happening around the globe and to adjust their cross-cultural exchange projects accordingly to best fit the current situation"--

Building Internationalized Spaces

Author : Estela Ene
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472038834
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Building Internationalized Spaces by : Estela Ene

Download or read book Building Internationalized Spaces written by Estela Ene and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contributes to emerging interdisciplinary conversations in higher education about how to refine internationalization in terms of praxis and how to coordinate curricular and pedagogical efforts to achieve meaningful learning outcomes for all students. The chapters provide suggestions for how L2 specialists can reframe their work in their individual programs to help internationalize the entire university in ways that lead to improved learning outcomes for students at different points in their degree programs, including: Orientation programs (early arrival on campus, before classes start); language center contexts (support during studies); volunteer programs for International Teaching Assistants (ITA) and undergraduate students [and more].

Online Intercultural Exchange

Author : Robert O'Dowd
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317392663
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Online Intercultural Exchange by : Robert O'Dowd

Download or read book Online Intercultural Exchange written by Robert O'Dowd and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-31 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a state of the art overview of Online Intercultural Exchange (OIE) in university education and demonstrates how educators can use OIE to address current challenges in university contexts such as internationalisation, virtual mobility and intercultural foreign language education. Since the 1990s, educators have been using virtual interaction to bring their classes into contact with geographically distant partner classes to create opportunities for authentic communication, meaningful collaboration and first-hand experience of working and learning with partners from other cultural backgrounds. Online exchange projects of this nature can contribute to the development of learner autonomy, linguistic accuracy, intercultural awareness, intercultural skills and electronic literacies. Online Intercultural Exchange has now reached a stage where it is moving beyond individual classroom initiatives and is assuming a role as a major tool for internationalization, intercultural development and virtual mobility in universities around the globe. This volume reports qualitative and quantitative findings on the impact of OIE on universities in Europe and elsewhere and offers comprehensive guidance on using OIE at both pedagogical and technological levels. It provides theoretically-informed accounts of Online Intercultural Exchanges which will relevant to researchers in Computer Assisted Language Learning, Computer-Mediated Communication, or Virtual Education. Finally, contributors offer a collection of practitioner-authored and practically-oriented case studies for the benefit of teachers of foreign languages or in other subject areas who wish to engage in developing the digital literacy and intercultural competences of their learners.

Developing Cross-cultural Competence

Author : Eleanor W. Lynch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Developing Cross-cultural Competence by : Eleanor W. Lynch

Download or read book Developing Cross-cultural Competence written by Eleanor W. Lynch and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated second edition of this popular resource offers practical advice for working with children and families of diverse heritage. With insight from their own racial, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds, the chapter authors contribute wisdom about the influence of different cultures on people's beliefs, values, and behaviors. Their knowledge helps professionals learn how to embrace diversity in intervention services and foster respectful and effective interactions with people of many cultures. Widely used in preservice and in-service settings, Developing Cross-Cultural Competence is invaluable as a textbook in graduate and undergraduate courses in general and special education, social work, child development, psychology, family studies, and public health and ideal as a guide for human services professionals, home visitors, paraprofessionals, and program administrators who work with children with disabilities.

Developing Cross-Cultural Measurement

Author : Thanh V. Tran
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199724040
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Developing Cross-Cultural Measurement by : Thanh V. Tran

Download or read book Developing Cross-Cultural Measurement written by Thanh V. Tran and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-27 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social workers engage in cross-cultural research in order to understand how diverse populations cope with life situations, to identify risk and protective factors across cultures, and to evaluate the effectiveness of policies and programs on the well-being of individuals from different cultures. In order to do so, it is necessary to begin with meaningful, appropriate, and practical research instruments, yet such instruments are not always readily available, or they may be misleading or biased. In this clearly written pocket guide, social work researchers will find a concise, easy-to-follow explanation of how to develop and assess cross-cultural measures that sidestep such complications and provide reliable, valid data. Using a step-by-step approach, expert cross-cultural researcher Thanh V. Tran carefully explores the issues and methodology in cross-cultural measurement development in social work research and evaluation. The book draws on existing cross-cultural research in social sciences and related areas to illustrate how to formulate research questions, select observable statistics, understand cross-cultural translation, evaluate and implement measurement equivalence, and discern quality within practices of measurement development. Tran also discusses how to use statistics software programs such as SPSS to generate data for LISREL analyses, providing enough detail to help readers grasp the programs' applications in this area but not so much as to overwhelm. This concise text offers a wealth of knowledge about using and interpreting the use of culturally relevant research instruments. Doctoral students and social researchers in the field seeking guidance in selecting and adapting such instruments in their studies, or developing and assessing their own, will find it a terrific source of essential information for their work. For additional resources, visit http://www.oup.com/us/pocketguides.

Culture, Learning, and the Disciplines

Author : Josef A. Mestenhauser
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Culture, Learning, and the Disciplines by : Josef A. Mestenhauser

Download or read book Culture, Learning, and the Disciplines written by Josef A. Mestenhauser and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18 author contributed papers examine orientation programs for foreign college and university students studying in the United States and for U.S. students preparing to study abroad. The marriage of theory and practice in addressing the two major issues of: (1) lack of agreement on standards for orientation; and (2) the common lack of student motivation to attend orientation programs is stressed. Papers have the following titles and authors: "Survey of University Orientation Programs for International Students and Scholars" (Inge Steglitz); "The Development of Preacademic Training Programs for Incoming Fulbright Students, 1951-1969" (James E. O'Driscoll); "Brief Course on America: An Orientation to the Study of American Culture" (Harvey Sarles); "Foreign Student Orientation at the University of Pennsylvania" (Ann Kuhlman); "Orientation Services Provided for A.I.D.-Sponsored Participants in Programs Administered by Partners for International Education and Training" (Judith A. Cadman); "Cross-Cultural Half-Way Houses: Orientation within Intensive English Programs" (Patricia Byrd); "Training International Students as Teaching Assistants" (Mark Landa); "The Experiential Approach to International Student Orientation" (Dario Gamboa); "Survey of University Orientation for American Students Going Abroad" (Karen Rosenquist Watts); "Something for Everyone: A Search for Common Denominators" (Jan Felsing); "The Orientation Retreat: Preparing 200 Students for Study in 20 Countries" (Sue K. Clarke); "A Three-Tiered Approach to Cross-Cultural Orientation for U.S. Students Preparing to Study Abroad" (Joseph O. Baker); "Orientation Development Project at the Experiment in International Living" (Julie Soquet); "Cross-Cultural Training in the Peace Corps" (Roger Nicholson); "The Navy Overseas Duty Support Program: An Organizational Approach to Cross-Cultural Orientation" (Sandra Mumford Fowler); "Concepts and Theories of Culture Learning" (Josef A. Mestenhauser); and "Adding the Disciplines: From Theory to Relevant Practice" (Mestenhauser). (JB)

Projects to Advance Creativity in Education

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Projects to Advance Creativity in Education by :

Download or read book Projects to Advance Creativity in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Asian City Crossings

Author : Rossella Ferrari
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100038120X
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Asian City Crossings by : Rossella Ferrari

Download or read book Asian City Crossings written by Rossella Ferrari and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-17 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asian City Crossings is the first volume to examine the relationship between the city and performance from an Asian perspective. This collection introduces "city as method" as a new conceptual framework for the investigation of practices of city-based performing arts collaboration and city-to-city performance networks across East- and Southeast Asia and beyond. The shared and yet divergent histories of the global cities of Hong Kong and Singapore as postcolonial, multiethnic, multicultural, and multilingual sites, are taken as points of departure to demonstrate how "city as method" facilitates a comparative analytical space that foregrounds in-betweenness and fluid positionalities. It situates inter-Asian relationality and inter-city referencing as centrally significant dynamics in the exploration of the material and ideological conditions of contemporary performance and performance exchange in Asia. This study captures creative dialogue that travels city-based pathways along the Hong Kong-Singapore route, as well as between Hong Kong and Singapore and other cities, through scholarly analyses and practitioner reflections drawn from the fields of theatre, performance, and music. This book combines essays by scholars of Asian studies, theatre studies, ethnomusicology, and human geography with reflective accounts by Hong Kong and Singapore-based performing arts practitioners to highlight the diversity, vibrancy, and complexity of creative projects that destabilise notions of identity, belonging, and nationhood through strategies of collaborative conviviality and transnational mobility across multi-sited networks of cities in Asia. In doing so, this volume fills a considerable gap in global scholarly discourse on performance and the city and on the production and circulation of the performing arts in Asia.

Crossing Cultures in the Language Classroom, Second Edition

Author : Andrea DeCapua
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472036416
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Crossing Cultures in the Language Classroom, Second Edition by : Andrea DeCapua

Download or read book Crossing Cultures in the Language Classroom, Second Edition written by Andrea DeCapua and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A MICHIGAN TEACHER TRAINING title Teachers are often in the forefront of today’s cross-cultural contact, whether in the language classroom or in the K–12 or university/college classroom, but they are not always prepared to handle the various issues that can arise in terms of cross-cultural communication. The intent of this book is to make education in cross-cultural awareness accessible to a broad range of teachers working in a variety of educational settings. Crossing Cultures in the Language Classroom attempts to balance theory and practice for pre-service and in-service teachers in general education programs or in ESL/EFL, bilingual, and foreign language teacher training programs, as well as cross-cultural awareness workshops. This book is unique in that it combines theory with a wide range of experiential activities and projects designed to actively engage users in the process of understanding different aspects of cross-cultural awareness. The goals of the book are to help readers: expand cultural awareness of one’s own culture and that of others achieve a deeper understanding of what culture is and the relationship between culture and language acquire the ability to observe behaviors in order to draw conclusions based on observation rather than preconceptions understand and implement observations of cultural similarities and differences develop an attitude of tolerance toward cultural differences and move away from the “single story.” The new edition has been thoroughly updated and includes a Suggested Projects section in each chapter. This section provides opportunities for users of the text to explore in greater depth an area and topic of interest. It also includes even more Critical Incidents--brief descriptions of events that depict some element or elements of cultural differences, miscommunication, or culture clash. Critical Incidents develop users’ ability to analyze and understand how multiple perspectives of the same situation are rooted in differing culturally influenced beliefs, behaviors, norms of interaction, and worldviews.

Development Skills and Concepts through Educational Technology

Author : Dr. Anita Sharma
Publisher : K.K. Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Development Skills and Concepts through Educational Technology by : Dr. Anita Sharma

Download or read book Development Skills and Concepts through Educational Technology written by Dr. Anita Sharma and published by K.K. Publications. This book was released on 2021-09-10 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development Skills and Concepts through Educational Technology Skills are involved in construing the meaning of symbols used for conveying the conceptual content. These skills fall under broad categories namely literacy, numeracy and graphicacy. Literacy includes understanding terminology and explanations using words. Numeracy includes understanding mathematical notations for communication using numbers. Teacher knowledge of appropriate performance strategies for a learning activity is also required for guiding different work. For example, the teacher needs to know why and when to ask students to reconsider their choice of the numerical scale while plotting a graph. To gradually develop this skill, graphs involving one nominal variable, e.g., months of the year, have been found as good starting points for facilitating students to focus on numerical issues along a single dimension. Technology in education is most simply and comfortably defined as an array of tools that might prove helpful in advancing student learning and may be measured in how and why individuals behave. Educational Technology relies on a broad definition of the word “technology.” Technology can refer to material objects of use to humanity, such as machines or hardware, but it can also encompass broader themes, including systems, methods of organization, and techniques. Hope this book will be useful to students as a reference book and will be a priced collection for their own library. Contents: • Distance Education and Curriculum Technology • Attitude of Experimentation • Information Technology and Agriculture • Use the Internet to Teach Information Literacy • Manage Classroom Using Technology • Confidence-Based Learning, Sleep-Learning, Over-Learning, Observational Learning, Cooperative Learning and Operant Conditioning • Government Investment in Educational Technology, Methodology, Research and Development • Higher Education in Science and Engineering: An American Perspective on Educational Technology • Use of Distance Education in Non-formal Education: An Indian Perspective on Research in Distance Education

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Language Learning

Author : Tafazoli, Dara
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522554645
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Language Learning by : Tafazoli, Dara

Download or read book Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Language Learning written by Tafazoli, Dara and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to effectively communicate with individuals from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds is an invaluable asset. Learning a second language proves useful as students navigate the culturally diverse world; however, studying a second language can be difficult for learners who are not immersed in the real and natural environment of the foreign language. Also, changes in education and advancements in information and communication technologies pose a number of challenges for implementing and maintaining sound practices within technology-enhanced language learning (TELL). Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Language Learning provides information on educational technologies that enable language learners to have access to authentic and useful language resources. Readers will explore themes such as language pedagogy, how specific and universal cultural contexts influence audio-visual media used in technology-enhanced language learning (TELL), and the use of English video games to promote foreign language learning. This book is a valuable resource for academicians, education practitioners, advanced-level students, and school administrators seeking to improve language learning through technology-based resources.

New Technological Applications for Foreign and Second Language Learning and Teaching

Author : Kruk, Mariusz
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799825930
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis New Technological Applications for Foreign and Second Language Learning and Teaching by : Kruk, Mariusz

Download or read book New Technological Applications for Foreign and Second Language Learning and Teaching written by Kruk, Mariusz and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population diversity is becoming more prevalent globally with increasing immigration, emigration, and refugee placement. These circumstances increase the likelihood that a child will be raised speaking a different language in the home than the common language used in each country. This necessitates the development of comprehensive strategies that promote second language learning through the adoption of new technological advancements. New Technological Applications for Foreign and Second Language Learning and Teaching is a scholarly publication that explores how the latest technologies have the potential to engage foreign and second language learners both within and outside the language classroom and to facilitate language learning and teaching in the target language. Highlighting a range of topics such as learning analytics, digital games, and telecollaboration, this book is ideal for teachers, instructional designers, curriculum developers, IT consultants, educational software developers, language learning specialists, academicians, administrators, professionals, researchers, and students.

Hearings

Author : United States. Congress Senate
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2562 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Hearings by : United States. Congress Senate

Download or read book Hearings written by United States. Congress Senate and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 2562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Improving Intercultural Interactions

Author : Richard W. Brislin
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452221006
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Improving Intercultural Interactions by : Richard W. Brislin

Download or read book Improving Intercultural Interactions written by Richard W. Brislin and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1993-12-29 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the editors of this volume point out, one certainty in life is that people must interact with others from very different cultural backgrounds--whether or not they are prepared to do so. The modules in this volume encourage productive and effective intercultural interactions in business, educational, social, and health services settings. Each module--a collection of materials for cross-cultural training programs--has a similar structure. They all have a combination of experiential exercises, self-assessment instruments, traditional "text" material describing concepts and the research methods necessary in using a given module, and case studies and/or critical incidents. Among the subjects Improving Intercultural Interactions addresses are gender relations in the workplace, intercultural education at the university level, intercultural communication for health care professionals, multicultural counseling, and nonverbal behavior in intercultural interaction. Improving Intercultural Interactions is a valuable resource for consultants, counselors, personnel officers, and others who offer various kinds of cross-cultural training programs. It is also useful as a supplemental text in graduate and undergraduate courses dealing with culture and behavior. "The present volume . . . aims at supplying not only valuable ideas and ideals but most of all practical guidelines to all those interested in carrying out satisfactory training programs." --Language, Culture, and Curriculum "An excellent practical guide to intercultural sensitivity, in the business world; elementary, secondary, and tertiary level schools; and social service and health delivery agencies. Each chapter provides opportunities for self-assessment, cases, critical incidents, constructs that can develop skills in analyzing intercultural situations, opportunities to practice these skills, and field exercises to test the newly acquired sensitivity. It increases awareness of culture and cultural differences, provides facts that can help adjustment, suggests ways to feel appropriately for interaction with members of other cultures, and opportunities to identify and practice skills that can assist in adjustment to other cultures." --Harry C. Triandis, University of Illinois "Improving Intercultural Interactions represents the next step forward in resource books for trainers, teachers, professors, organizational developers and the like who are in constant need of upgrading the results of their cross-cultural training programs. . . . It presents sequences of training processes from self-assessment and critical incidents through the development of an understanding of cultural concepts and frameworks to exercises targeted to cause the learner to experience and practice an array of behaviors or actions in appropriate cross-cultural problem situations. The fact that each of the books′ modules ends with suggested actions based on specific examples helps lead the learner to a position where he or she can develop personally and culturally relevant strategies for their workplace situation. This book will serve as a resource for persons in culturally diverse work situations, whether it be business, education, health, or a broad array of other public and private organizations." --Sheldon Varney, University of Hawaii at Manoa

Hearings, Reports and Prints of the House Committee on Appropriations

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Hearings, Reports and Prints of the House Committee on Appropriations by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations

Download or read book Hearings, Reports and Prints of the House Committee on Appropriations written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 2128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Research in Education

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Research in Education by :

Download or read book Research in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Developing Intercultural Competence through English

Author : Anna Niżegorodcew
Publisher : Wydawnictwo UJ
ISBN 13 : 8323384363
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (233 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Developing Intercultural Competence through English by : Anna Niżegorodcew

Download or read book Developing Intercultural Competence through English written by Anna Niżegorodcew and published by Wydawnictwo UJ. This book was released on 2011 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume Developing Intercultural Competence through English: Focus on Ukrainian and Polish Cultures edited by Anna Niżegorodcew, Yakiv Bystrov and Marcin Kleban offers a valuable result of a joint intercultural project between two universities from the neighbouring countries of Poland and Ukraine. Among the mass of books on intercultural communication the proposed volume distinguishes itself by three features: unusual format combining the work of both scholars and students, the focus on the intercultural approach, and practical designation. It also stresses the increasing awareness in the modern world that teaching/learning English serves the purpose of developing general intercultural competence and not building the knowledge about the English speaking world. [...] The choice of topics [...] indicates an interesting cultural difference - Ukrainian inclination to focus on the characteristic and attractive aspects of their own culture and Polish on the problematic and the difficult. Professor Lucyna Aleksandrowicz-Pędich, Department of English, Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities Z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Mirosława J. Szymańskiego