Determining the Diagnostic Effectiveness of Art Therapy Projective Assessments in Sexually Abused Children

Download Determining the Diagnostic Effectiveness of Art Therapy Projective Assessments in Sexually Abused Children PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Determining the Diagnostic Effectiveness of Art Therapy Projective Assessments in Sexually Abused Children by : Yu-chun Chang

Download or read book Determining the Diagnostic Effectiveness of Art Therapy Projective Assessments in Sexually Abused Children written by Yu-chun Chang and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Drawings in Assessment and Psychotherapy

Download Drawings in Assessment and Psychotherapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136273832
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Drawings in Assessment and Psychotherapy by : Leonard Handler

Download or read book Drawings in Assessment and Psychotherapy written by Leonard Handler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-20 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing is a language, projected by children and adults, reflecting their joy and pain. It is used extensively by clinical psychologists, art therapists, social workers, and other mental health professionals in the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, adults, and couples. This book brings together a renowned group of professionals to analyze the research and application of the most popular assessment and treatment tools. Tests discussed include the Draw-a-Person Test, the House-Tree-Person Test, the Kinetic Family Drawing Test, the Art Therapy-Projective Imagery Assessment, and the Wartegg Drawing Completion Test. Working with sexually and physically abused children, assessing clients with anorexia nervosa, and the influence of osteopathic treatment on drawings are some of the special topics considered. Numerous case studies are also included.

Tools of the Trade

Download Tools of the Trade PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Charles C Thomas Publisher
ISBN 13 : 0398075212
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tools of the Trade by : Stephanie L. Brooke

Download or read book Tools of the Trade written by Stephanie L. Brooke and published by Charles C Thomas Publisher. This book was released on 2004 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition with its revised title provides critical reviews of art therapy tests along with some new reviews of assessments and updated research in the field. It is comprehensive in its approach to considering reliability and validity evidence provided by test authors. Additionally, it reviews research on art therapy assessments with a variety of patient populations. The book contains helpful suggestions regarding the application of art therapy assessments. Specific areas covered include individual, group, family, and multicultural assessment techniques. The desirable and undesirable features of a variety of art therapy assessments are deliberated. The book critiques a series of art therapy assessments - from traditional art therapy approaches to current releases. The goal of this work is to assist mental health professionals in selecting assessments that yield reliable and valid clinical information regarding their clients. Of special interest is the author's approach to writing the results of a series of art therapy assessments in an effort to provide a more complete indication of client dynamics and issues. It will be a valuable resource for practitioners who use art therapy as an adjunct or primary therapy, and it will serve to enhance clinical skills, making therapy more effective for each patient who participates in the assessment process.

Breaking the Silence

Download Breaking the Silence PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317772016
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Breaking the Silence by : Cathy Malchiodi

Download or read book Breaking the Silence written by Cathy Malchiodi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children of violence need to be heard. Unable or unwilling to verbalize their suffering, abused children are often immobilized by fear, rage, guilt, and pain. In the second edition of Breaking the Silence: Art Therapy with Children from Violent Homes , Cathy Malchiodi demonstrates the unique power of art therapy as a tool for intervening with children from violent backgrounds. In this new edition, she describes the intervention process from intake to termination, noting the complex issues involved at various levels of evaluation and interpretation. Bringing her years of experience in working at battered women's shelters to bear on the subject, Ms. Malchiodi brings the language of art therapy to life--a language of art that gives children a voice and those who work with them, a way of listening. The emphasis here is on the short-term setting where time is at a premium and circumstances are unpredictable. It is within this setting that mental health practitioners often experience frustration and a sense of helplessness in their work with the youngest victims of abusive families. Since the first edition of this book was published, research has led to some new ideas related to sexual abuse. The author analyzes several issues concerning the treatment of sexually abused children and art expressions of sexually abused children. In addition, Ms. Malchiodi launches a discussion about the ethical issues in the use of children's art as a whole. Featured throughout the book are 95 drawings by abused children. These drawings are at once poignant and hopeful, clearly representing the extraordinary suffering that abused children experience at, at the same time, showing that they can be reached. Because the practice of art therapy methods has been integrated into many disciplines, the final chapter covers development of art therapy programs for children. The author shares information on art supplied, space, and storage ideas. For art therapists, social workers, and other practitioners who work with children in crisis, this book presents a practical methodology for intervention that fosters the compassion and insight necessary to reveal what words cannot.

The Psychological Assessment of Abused and Traumatized Children

Download The Psychological Assessment of Abused and Traumatized Children PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135677964
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Psychological Assessment of Abused and Traumatized Children by : Francis D. Kelly

Download or read book The Psychological Assessment of Abused and Traumatized Children written by Francis D. Kelly and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has seen more and more clinicians involved in the assessment and treatment of abused and traumatized children. They have contributed to an impressively large body of literature on the impact of abuse and trauma at all ages, the focus of which has been the short and long-term sequelae apparent in the child's behavior, emotional experience, and social interaction. But there have been few efforts to investigate the ways in which abuse and trauma damage the intrapsychic systems and structures that often guide, direct, and inform the child's manifest adjustment and functioning. The need to redress the balance was the major impetus for this book. Kelly offers a clinical paradigm for the personality assessment of abused or traumatized children via projective instruments--the TAT and Rorschach--and shows how various projective measures and indices can be utilized as sensitive barometers of changes in self, object, and ego functioning following therapeutic interventions and other corrective experiences. But further, integrating the tenets of trauma theory and those of psychoanalytic theory, he sets this clinical paradigm in a meaningful theoretical context, and draws on both theory and clinical experience to develop a comprehensive psychological composite of the child who has been maltreated. Part I provides an overview of theoretical models relevant to the assessment and diagnosis of the maltreated child. Contemporary psychoanalytic theory serves as one frame and is discussed first, with particular emphasis on object relations and ego functions. Equal attention is devoted to developmental psychology as another frame. Part II reviews relevant research. The Mutality of Autonomy Scale (MOA) and the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS) are introduced as examples of reliable and valid instruments readily employed to assess the impact of abuse or trauma on a child's object relations functioning. Additional Rorschach indices--boundary disturbance measures, thought disorder indices, trauma markers, and defensive functions measures--are discussed as measures of the impact on different facets of ego functioning. These various projective measures can be utilized as sensitive barometers of changes in self, object, and ego functioning following therapeutic interventions and other corrective experiences. Part III includes a variety of extended clinical illustrations. Seven cases of boys and girls subjected to varying degrees of abuse and trauma are presented to demonstrate the clinical utility of projective material for assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning. For the clinician who takes the idiographical-phenomenological approach, appropriate given the uniqueness of each situation of abuse or trauma and the frequent brevity and barrenness of the protocol, such material can open a window onto a rich vista of the child's psychological terrain. The resulting map can point the way to wise decisions about type, timing, and level of therapeutic intervention, the resolution of such process issues as transference and countertransference, plus additional questions. Two cases of adult women who were abused as children and find themselves continuing to struggle with enduring unresolved issues vis a vis their own children are also presented. These cases underscore the value of TAT and Rorschach material, and object relations measures, in assessing and understanding the abusive and potentially abusive parent.

The Use of Art in Counselling Child and Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse

Download The Use of Art in Counselling Child and Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781853022289
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (222 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Use of Art in Counselling Child and Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse by : Maralynn M. Hagood

Download or read book The Use of Art in Counselling Child and Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse written by Maralynn M. Hagood and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on clinical work, this book presents a discussion on the use of art in counselling sexually abused children,their families and sex offenders. Current theoretical models such as the "trauma model" have been effective in therapy. The author's clinical experience will provide valuable insight to therapists using art therapy techniques.

The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy

Download The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118306562
Total Pages : 912 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy by : David E. Gussak

Download or read book The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy written by David E. Gussak and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-19 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy is a collection of original, internationally diverse essays, that provides unsurpassed breadth and depth of coverage of the subject. The most comprehensive art therapy book in the field, exploring a wide range of themes A unique collection of the current and innovative clinical, theoretical and research approaches in the field Cutting-edge in its content, the handbook includes the very latest trends in the subject, and in-depth accounts of the advances in the art therapy arena Edited by two highly renowned and respected academics in the field, with a stellar list of global contributors, including Judy Rubin, Vija Lusebrink, Selma Ciornai, Maria d' Ella and Jill Westwood Part of the Wiley Handbooks in Clinical Psychology series

Working with Children in Art Therapy

Download Working with Children in Art Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134979053
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Working with Children in Art Therapy by : Caroline Case

Download or read book Working with Children in Art Therapy written by Caroline Case and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-01-31 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes contributions from major public agencies for child care: health, education, and social services Covers areas of public concern such as child abuse and racial discrimination Gives examples of using different art media, for example, photography, to explore symbolic material All case material illustrated in colour and black and white.

Psychodynamic Play and Art Therapy as a Tool in Alleviating the Effects of Physical and Sexual Abuse Among Children

Download Psychodynamic Play and Art Therapy as a Tool in Alleviating the Effects of Physical and Sexual Abuse Among Children PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (989 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Psychodynamic Play and Art Therapy as a Tool in Alleviating the Effects of Physical and Sexual Abuse Among Children by : Aimee Nañas Gonzaga

Download or read book Psychodynamic Play and Art Therapy as a Tool in Alleviating the Effects of Physical and Sexual Abuse Among Children written by Aimee Nañas Gonzaga and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One method for the treatment of trauma and other effects of abuse on children that is continuously being studied for effectiveness is through play and art theraphy techniques. This study utilized this therapeutic technique where 9 subjects who are victims of physical and sexual abuse were given this therapeutic program through a series of eight individual Psychodnamic play and art therapy sessions. Mixed method was used in two phases; first in the Qualitative method, comprehensive data were gathered through history-taking, in-depth interview using the House-Tree-Person Test (HTP) on participants and collateral interviews. Secondly, in the Quantitative method, The One Group Pre and Post test design was conducted using the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for children(TSCC), Harvard and Hopkins Self-assessment Test and Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 (CBCL). As a statistical tool, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was employed to measure the significant difference at .05 level of significance. Results indicated that in the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children (TSCC), the anxiety, depression and angel level of the group lowered from Borderline to Normal level. Accordingly, the scales dissociation and its subscale fantasy and overt dissociation also had decreased score from borderline to normal level. In the test Child behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 (CBCL), the clinical scales withdrawn/depressed and thought problems changed from Borderline to normal level. Furthermore, the male child in the clinical scales of withdrawn/depressed, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior and aggressive behavior had dramatic decreased in score from the clinical range to normal range. Although there were significant differences in these scores, it did not have a strong impact on the trauma and behavior of the children since the program was limited only to 8 sessions since it was time-limited. Initial results revealed no significant differences in the pre and post-test scores of the group.

Handbook of Play Therapy, Advances and Innovations

Download Handbook of Play Therapy, Advances and Innovations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471584636
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (846 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Play Therapy, Advances and Innovations by : Kevin J. O'Connor

Download or read book Handbook of Play Therapy, Advances and Innovations written by Kevin J. O'Connor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1994-12-13 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decade since its publication, Handbook of Play Therapy has attained the status of a classic in the field. Writing in the most glowing terms, enthusiastic reviewers in North America and abroad hailed that book as "an excellent resource for workers in all disciplines concerned with children's mental health" (Contemporary Psychology). Now, in this companion volume, editors Kevin O'Connor and Charles Schaefer continue the important work they began in their 1984 classic, bringing readers an in-depth look at state-of-the-art play therapy practices and principles. While it updates readers on significant advances in sand play diagnosis, theraplay, group play, and other well-known approaches, Volume Two also covers important adaptations of play therapy to client populations such as the elderly, and new applications of play therapeutic methods such as in the assessment of sexually abused children. Featuring contributions by twenty leading authorities from psychology, social work, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, and other related disciplines, Handbook of Play Therapy, Volume two draws on clinical and research material previously scattered throughout the professional literature and organizes it into four main sections for easy reference: Theoretical approaches— including Adlerian, cognitive, behavioral, gestalt, and control theory approaches as well as family, ecosystem, and others Developmental adaptations— covers ground-breaking new adaptations for adolescents, adults, and the elderly Methods and techniques— explores advances in traditional techniques such as sand play, Jungian play therapy, and art therapy, and examines other new, high-tech play therapies Applications— reports on therapeutic applications for psychic trauma, sex abuse, cancer patients, psychotics, and many others The companion volume to the celebrated classic in the field, Handbook of Play Therapy, Volume Two is an indispensable resource for play therapists, child psychologists and psychiatrists, school counselors and psychologists, and all mental health professionals. HANDBOOK OF PLAY THERAPY Edited by Charles E. Schaefer and Kevin J. O'Connor ". . . an excellent primary text for upper level students, and a valuable resource for practitioners in the field of child psychotherapy."— American Journal of Mental Deficiency ". . . a thorough, thoughtful, and theoretically sound compilation of much of the accumulated knowledge. . . . Like a well-executed stained-glass window that yields beauty and many shades of light through an integrated whole, so too this book synthesizes and reveals many creative facets of this important area of practice."— Social Work in Education 1983 (0-471-09462-5) 489 pp. THE PLAY THERAPY PRIMER Kevin J. O'Connor The Play Therapy Primer covers the impact of personal values and beliefs on therapeutic work, and provides a detailed description of the process preceding the beginning of therapy. It then offers guidelines and strategies for developing treatment plans respective of the various phases of therapy, including specific in-session techniques, modifications for different ages, transference considerations, and the termination and follow-up of clinical cases. 1991 (0-471-52543-X) 371 pp. PLAY DIAGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT Edited by Charles E. Schaefer, Karen Gitlin, and Alice Sandgrund The first and only book to fully explore the assessment potential of play evaluation, this book offers an impressive array of papers by nearly fifty authorities in the field. Following a logical progression, it is divided into six parts covering the full range of practical and theoretical concerns, including developmental play scales for normal children from preschool to adolescence; diagnostic play scales including those for the evaluation of children with a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and/or emotional disorders; parent/child interaction play scales; projective play techniques; and scales for assessing a child's behavior during play therapy. 1991 (0-471-62166-8) 718 pp. GAME PLAY Edited by Charles E. Schaefer and Steven E. Reid This important work highlights the psychological significance of using games to assess and treat various childhood disorders. In chapters written by leading authorities, it examines the content of various types of games and provides theoretical approaches, techniques, and practical guidelines for applying games to play therapy with children. Case histories demonstrate the use of game play with childhood problems ranging from hyperactivity to divorce counseling and juvenile delinquency. 1986 (0-471-81972-7) 349 pp.

Sexual Abuse of Children

Download Sexual Abuse of Children PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sexual Abuse of Children by : Barbara M. Jones

Download or read book Sexual Abuse of Children written by Barbara M. Jones and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Art Therapy with Young Survivors of Sexual Abuse

Download Art Therapy with Young Survivors of Sexual Abuse PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415205719
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (152 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Art Therapy with Young Survivors of Sexual Abuse by : Jenny Murphy

Download or read book Art Therapy with Young Survivors of Sexual Abuse written by Jenny Murphy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2001 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dealing with the aftermath of childhood sexual abuse remains a significant issue for child and adolescent mental health professionals. This book addresses these issues and assists art therapists to tailor programs to individual needs.

Introduction to Art Therapy

Download Introduction to Art Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1135900647
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Art Therapy by : Judith A. Rubin

Download or read book Introduction to Art Therapy written by Judith A. Rubin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2009-08-05 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Art Therapy: Sources and Resources, is the thoroughly updated and revised second edition of Judith Rubin’s landmark 1999 text, the first to describe the history of art in both assessment and therapy, and to clarify the differences between artists or teachers who provide "therapeutic" art activities, psychologists or social workers who request drawings, and those who are trained as art therapists to do a kind of work which is similar, but qualitatively different. This new edition contains downloadable resources with over 400 still images and 250 edited video clips for much richer illustration than is possible with figures alone; an additional chapter describing the work that art therapists do; and new material on education with updated information on standards, ethics, and informing others. To further make the information accessible to practitioners, students, and teachers, the author has included a section on treatment planning and evaluation, an updated list of resources – selected professional associations and proceedings – references, expanded citations, and clinical vignettes and illustrations. Three key chapters describe and expand the work that art therapists do: "People We Help," deals with all ages; "Problems We Treat," focuses on different disorders and disabilities; and "Places We Practice," reflects the expansion of art therapy beyond its original home in psychiatry. The author’s own introduction to the therapeutic power of art – as a person, a worker, and a parent – will resonate with both experienced and novice readers alike. Most importantly, however, this book provides a definition of art therapy that contains its history, diversity, challenges, and accomplishments.

THE USE OF ART THERAPY WITH A SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILD.

Download THE USE OF ART THERAPY WITH A SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILD. PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (939 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis THE USE OF ART THERAPY WITH A SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILD. by :

Download or read book THE USE OF ART THERAPY WITH A SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILD. written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Clinical Expressive Arts Therapy in Theory and Practice

Download Clinical Expressive Arts Therapy in Theory and Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1527535983
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Expressive Arts Therapy in Theory and Practice by : Avi Goren-Bar

Download or read book Clinical Expressive Arts Therapy in Theory and Practice written by Avi Goren-Bar and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-13 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume makes a tremendous contribution to the field of expressive arts therapy through its presentation of clear and profound theoretical bases to a relatively new profession in the domain of psychotherapy. It applies comprehensive, in-depth psychological knowledge to practical cases which shed light on clinical interventions that reflect the use of art in psychotherapy. The book provides a fruitful and much needed theoretical kaleidoscope to the professional community of expressive arts therapy.

Art Therapy Practices for Resilient Youth

Download Art Therapy Practices for Resilient Youth PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351858882
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Art Therapy Practices for Resilient Youth by : Marygrace Berberian

Download or read book Art Therapy Practices for Resilient Youth written by Marygrace Berberian and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Art Therapy Practices for Resilient Youth highlights the paradigm shift to treating children and adolescents as "at-promise" rather than "at-risk." By utilizing a strength-based model that moves in opposition to pathology, this volume presents a client-allied modality wherein youth are given the opportunity to express emotions that can be difficult to convey using words. Working internationally with diverse groups of young people grappling with various forms of trauma, 30 contributing therapists share their processes, informed by current understandings of neurobiology, attachment theory, and developmental psychology. In addition to guiding principles and real-world examples, also included are practical directives, strategies, and applications. Together, this compilation highlights the promise of healing through the creative arts in the face of oppression.

The Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale

Download The Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780985016203
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (162 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale by : Linda Gantt

Download or read book The Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale written by Linda Gantt and published by . This book was released on 2012-02-15 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual provided a method for understanding and studying the non-symbolic aspects of art, demonstrates how structural characteristics provide information on diagnosis and clinical state, separate art therapy folklore from verifiable fact, describes a way of researching art that is compatible with art therapists' ways of thinking, and develops specific research tools to make art therapy a credible discipline.